衣霉素对人肝癌细胞表面胰岛素受体的影响

衣霉素是一种糖蛋白Ｎ－连接型糖链合成的抑制剂。它可抑制人肝癌细胞株ＳＭＭＣ－７７２１的生长,其抑制率和剂量及处理时间有相关性。衣霉素处理细胞１８ｈ尚可显著抑制＾３Ｈ－亮氨酸的参入。这些标记化合物的参入抑制都有量效关系。０．１μｇ／ｍＬ衣霉素处理１８ｈ后,细胞表面胰岛素受体和胰岛素的结合容量下降,而对照细胞和处理细胞的胰岛素竞争结合曲线基本平行。这主要由于衣霉素抑制新合成的胰岛素受体的糖基化所致。我     

衣霉素对胰岛素受体结合胰岛素及内吞作用的影响

本文研究了人肝癌细胞ＳＭＭＣ－７７２１的胰岛素受体与＾１２５Ｉ－胰岛素结合的条件,并比较了衣霉素处理和对照细胞的结合动力学和内吞作用。结果表明：４℃和ＰＨ８是研究胰岛素受体与配体结合的较佳条件,当０．１ｕｇ／ｍｌ衣霉素处理１８小时,Ｓｃａｔｓｈａｒｄ作图分析指出,胰岛素受体的结合容量降低,每个细胞上的受体位点数减少。Ｈｉｌｌ作图分析说明,胰岛素和受体的亲和力（胰岛素半饱和浓度和表观解离常数）及结合     

18-甲基三烯炔诺酮对孕酮的子宫内膜效应的竞争抑制

本工作以放射自显术观察了18-甲基三烯炔诺酮对大鼠子宫内膜的影响(1)正常怀孕大鼠胚泡在子宫内膜着床前后(2—7天),~3H-胸腺嘧啶核苷大量参入内膜间质细胞核。但交配后第1天注射18-甲基三烯炔诺酮,~3H-胸腺嘧啶核苷则只参入内膜上皮细胞核内,间质细胞DNA 的合成受到抑制,使间质细胞不能转化为蜕膜细胞,因而阻止了胚泡着床。(2)正常怀孕2—7天大白鼠,注射~(35)S-硫酸钠后在子宫内膜中未观察到银颗粒,证明不合成硫酸粘多糖。但交配后第1天注射18-甲基三烯炔诺酮,由第3天开始,在子宫腔上皮和腺上皮细胞边缘和腔内都出现了大量的银颗粒。结果指出,药物促进了硫酸粘多糖的合成。(3)18-甲基三烯炔诺酮对间质细胞DNA 合成的抑制和促进内膜硫酸粘多糖的合成,很可能是通过抑制孕酮的生理效应而实现的。(4)孕酮的生理效应被抑制,可能是由于18-甲基三烯炔诺酮竞争占据了内膜靶细胞中的孕酮受体,使孕酮不能与其结合以形成激素—受体复合物而产生生理效应。     

Swainsonine对胰岛素受体功能影响的研究

以Ｓｗａｉｓｏｎｉｎｅ（Ｓｗ）作为高尔基体付糖链加工酶系中α－甘露糖苷酶Ⅱ的特异抑制剂,研究Ｎ－糖链结构和胰岛素受体（Ｉｎｓ－Ｒ）功能的关系．发现Ｓｗ不影响细胞生长和３Ｈ－亮氨酸参入ＳＭＭＣ７７２１细胞,但明显促进３Ｈ－甘露糖参入细胞总糖蛋白和表面糖蛋白,并使后者的ＣｏｎＡ强结合组分显著增加,提示Ｓｗ使Ｉｎｓ－Ｒ的Ｎ－糖链变成杂合型及高甘露糖型。胰岛素结合试验后作Ｓｃａｔｃｈａｒｄ分析：发现Ｓｗ不改变Ｉｎｓ－Ｒ的结合容量和每个细胞表面的结合位点数,也不改变结合动力学。再用部分纯化的Ｉｎｓ－Ｒ研究自身磷酸化和对外源底物的酪氨酸蛋白激酶活力,也未发现Ｓｗ处理和对照细胞间的明显区别,表示Ｓｗ也不影响Ｉｓｎ－Ｒ的跨膜信息传递,结合已报道的衣霉素使细胞表面Ｉｎｓ－Ｒ减少的结果,提示Ｉｎｓ－Ｒ运送至细胞膜需要Ｎ－糖链存在,但糖链的类型对ＩＮＳ－Ｒ的代谢和结合动力学并不重要     

环孢霉素A抑制NIT-1胰岛β细胞增殖和胰岛素分泌

为研究免疫抑制剂环孢霉素A对NIT-1胰岛β细胞增殖和胰岛素分泌的影响,体外培养NIT-1胰岛β细胞,用不同浓度的环孢霉素A处理48h和72h,MIT法检测NIT-1胰岛β细胞的增殖情况,放射免疫测定法(RIA)检测胰岛素释放。实验结果显示环孢霉素A处理48h和72h可显著抑制细胞的增殖和胰岛素的释放,可见免疫抑制剂环孢霉素A对NIT-1胰岛β细胞有直接的细胞毒作用。     

人肝癌细胞表皮生长因子受体以及佛波酯对它的调变

利用放射受体结合测定证明了两株人体肝癌细胞株7402和7721细胞均有EGF受体的存在。受体数目分别为每细胞6.2×10~4和2.5×10~4,代表它们亲和力的解离常数K_D值分别为1.2 nmol/L和0.80 nmol/L。PMA处理对7721细胞的EGF受体及其亲和力均无明显影响;对7402细胞EGF受体却显示了调变作用。受体数目虽同样没有变化;但亲和力却随药物处理时间有一个下降、恢复的变化过程。在PMA处理1小时,EGF结合抑制达最大,此时受体的解离常数K_D值为3.0 nmol/L;在处理96小时,受体亲和力恢复并略有增高,此时K_D值为0.95 nmol/L。~3H-TdR参入实验表明,在PMA抑制7402细胞EGF受体亲和力的同时,细胞DNA的合成速率也相应下降。对于佛波酯等因子对EGF受体的调变作用,我们认为是属于生长因子启动细胞DNA合成进行细胞分裂的整个生物学过程中感受性因子对进行性因子的调节作用。     

Swainsonine对胰岛素受体功能影响的研究

以Ｓｗａｉｓｏｎｉｎｅ（Ｓｗ）作为高尔基体Ｎ－糖链加工酶系中α－甘露糖苷酶ＩＩ的特异抑制剂。研究Ｎ－糖链结构和胰岛素受体（Ｉｎｓ－Ｒ）功能的关系,发现Ｓｗ不影响细胞生长和３Ｈ－亮氨酸参入ＳＭＭＣ７７２１细胞,但明显促进３Ｈ－甘露糖参入细胞总糖蛋白和表面糖蛋白,并使后者的ＣｏｎＡ强结合组分显著增加,提示Ｓｗ使Ｉｎｓ－Ｒ的Ｎ－糖链变成杂合型及高甘露糖型,胰岛素结合试验后作Ｓｃａｔｃｈａｒｄ分析,发现Ｓ     

雌激素对兔子宫内膜细胞EGF受体和细胞周期的调控

 由受体放射配基结合分析证明家兔子宫内膜细胞的EGF受体Kd值为0.53nmol/L,每个细胞的最大结合容量为1.11×10~4结合位点。10~(-10)mol/L雌二醇处理24h,细胞的最大结合容量增至2.75×10~4结合位点数/细胞,而Kd值无明显变化,可是,当10~(-5)mol/L雌二醇处理24h,细胞的EGF受体结合率,DNA合成速度率均下降。G_0/G_1期细胞比值明显下降,而G_2+M期和S期细胞明显上升。     

内皮素受体反义寡聚核苷酸对内皮素受体基因表达及血管平滑肌细胞增殖的影响

报道了内皮素Ａ型受体反义寡聚核苷酸（ＯＤＮｓ）对大鼠血管平滑肌细胞（ＶＳＭＣ）增殖及内皮素受体基因表达的影响．~３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ参入结果显示,内皮素Ａ型受体反义ＯＤＮｓ处理细胞可显著抑制内皮素诱导的ＶＳＭＣ的ＤＮＡ合成,反转录－ＰＣＲ及受体结合实验结果表明,ＯＤＮｓ的上述作用与降低ＶＳＭＣ内皮素Ａ型受体基因表达活性有关．     

不同年龄红细胞(人)的增溶胰岛素受体和胰岛素结合以及依赖于胰岛素的磷酸化反应

1.我们研究了人的不同年龄红细胞的胰岛素受体从膜上增溶后和胰岛素相结合的特征。结果表明,随着红细胞年龄的增加,增溶胰岛素受体和胰岛素的最大结合能力下降;ED_(50)降低,同时受体结合位点数减少。青年红细胞的增溶胰岛素受体数比去年的高一倍,但其亲和性不论在结合平衡状态或动力学状态都基本一致。 2.利用γ-~(32)P-ATP的~(32)P参入量研究了胰岛素对不同年龄红细胞增溶蛋白质及外源蛋白质的磷酸化的影响。在胰岛素存在时,磷酸化分别增加2.3—2.9倍,及3.4—4.4倍。胰岛素刺激青年红细胞的增溶蛋白质的磷酸化的敏感性为老年的2.4倍。 3.研究结果表明,单个人的血样可用来研究胰岛素受体的结合及激酶的性质。     

Regulation of Neuronal Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor Number by Protein Glycosylation

Tunicamycin, a potent inhibitor of protein glycosylation, was used to study the role of protein glycosylation in the regulation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) number in cultures of N1E-115, a murine neuroblastoma cell line. At a concentration of 0.35 microgram/ml, tunicamycin inhibited macromolecular incorporation of [3H]mannose by 75-80%, whereas incorporation of [3H]leucine was reduced by only 10%. Treatment with tunicamycin caused a 30% decrease in total membrane mAChR number within 48 h as determined by a filter-binding assay using [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate ([3H]QNB), a highly specific muscarinic antagonist. Tunicamycin also inhibited the recovery of total membrane mAChR by 70% following carbachol-induced down-regulation. The rate of mAChR degradation (control t1/2 12-14 h) was unaffected by incubation with tunicamycin. Intact cell binding studies using [3H]QNB (a membrane-permeable ligand) to measure total cellular (internal plus cell surface) mAChR and [3H]N-methylscopolamine ([3H]NMS, a membrane-impermeable ligand) to measure cell surface mAChR were conducted to determine whether tunicamycin selectively depleted cell surface mAChR. With 12 h of treatment with tunicamycin, cell surface mAChR number declined by 35%, whereas total cellular mAChR fell by only 10%. The ratio of cell surface receptor to total receptor decreased by 45% after 24 h. These results indicate that protein glycosylation is required for the maintenance of cell surface mAChR number. Incubation with tunicamycin causes a selective depletion of cell surface mAChR, implying that protein glycosylation plays a critical role in transport and/or incorporation of mAChR into the plasma membrane.     

Tunicamycin inhibits the differentiation of ST 13 fibroblasts to adipocytes with suppression of the insulin binding activity

ST 13 cells are a clonal line of murine fibroblasts that are capable of differentiating into adipocyte-like cells $\text{in}\text{vitro}$. When the cells were maintained as a confluent monolayer, they began to accumulate lipid droplets and to exhibit a rapid increase of insulin binding activity. Tunicamycin, a specific inhibitor of dolichol-mediated protein glycosylation, blocked this adipose conversion without affecting cell growth and total protein synthesis. The inhibitory effect of tunicamycin was dose-dependent and reversible. Enhancement of the incorporation of [¹⁴C]acetate into triglyceride fraction accompanying the adipose conversion was completely inhibited by tunicamycin, whereas the incorporation into phospholipid fraction was only partially affected. The insulin binding activity increased about 10-fold during differentiation, but was completely suppressed in tunicamycin-treated cells.     

N－糖链在纤连蛋白分泌及纤连蛋白受体与配体结合中的作用

应用能阻断糖蛋白Ｎ－糖链合成的衣霉素（ＴＭ）,研究了Ｎ－糖链缺失对ＨＴ１０８０细胞分泌纤连蛋白（Ｆｎ）以及纤连蛋白受体（ＦｎＲ）与配体结合的影响。结果发现,１μｇ／ｍｌ的ＴＭ可抑制Ｎ－糖链的合成（此时,３Ｈ－甘露糖掺入下降６３％）,但细胞分泌Ｆｎ的量仅下降３３％,这主要是由于蛋白合成受ＴＭ抑制（２５％）而引起,因而,Ｎ－糖链缺失可能并不影响Ｆｎ的分泌。而在同样条件下,单个细胞结合１２５Ｉ－Ｆｎ的量显著下降,显示Ｎ－糖链的缺失可能导致了膜上ＦｎＲ总量或其与配体结合的亲和力的改变。ＴＭ处理组的ＦｎＲ的内吞率与对照组相比较无明显差异,提示受体分子中的Ｎ－糖链缺失不影响其内吞过程．     

Differences in degradation processes for insulin and its receptor in cultured foetal hepatocytes.

Binding and degradation of 125I-labelled insulin were studied in cultured foetal hepatocytes after exposure to the protein-synthesis inhibitors tunicamycin and cycloheximide. Tunicamycin (1 microgram/ml) induced a steady decrease of insulin binding, which was decreased by 50% after 13 h. As the total number of binding sites per hepatocyte was 20000, the rate of the receptor degradation could not exceed 13 sites/min per hepatocyte. Cycloheximide (2.8 micrograms/ml) increased insulin binding by 30% within 6 h, an effect that persisted for up to 25 h. This drug had a specific inhibitory effect on the degradation of proteins prelabelled for 10 h with [14C]glucosamine, without affecting the degradation of total proteins. Chronic exposure to 10 nM-insulin neither decreased insulin binding nor modified the effect of the drugs. The absence of down-regulation of insulin receptors cannot be attributed to rapid receptor biosynthesis in foetal hepatocytes. Cellular insulin degradation, which is exclusively receptor-mediated, was determined by two different parameters. First, the rate of release of degraded insulin into the medium was 600 molecules/min per hepatocyte with 1 nM labelled hormone, and increased (preincubation with cycloheximide) or decreased (tunicamycin) as a function of the amount of cell-bound insulin. Secondly, the percentage of cell-bound insulin degraded was not changed by the presence of protein-synthesis inhibitors (25-30%). The stability of insulin degradation suggested that this process was dependent on long-life proteinase systems. Such differences in degradation rates and cycloheximide sensitivity imply that hormone- and receptor-degradation processes utilize distinct pathways.     

Degradation of insulin receptors by hepatoma cells: insulin-induced down-regulation results from an increase in the rate of basal receptor degradation

The degradation of insulin receptors was studied in cultured Zajdela hepatoma cells (ZHC). Receptor distribution within the cell was evaluated by estimating: i) surface receptor level on entire cells, ii) total cell receptors solubilized by Triton from cell membranes and iii) intracellular receptors solubilized from cells whose surface receptors had been inactivated with trypsin. In the absence of insulin, 80-90% of the insulin binding sites were located on the cell surface. When insulin was added, a rapid decrease of surface receptors was observed. After 2 h, their level was reduced nearly by half; this reduction was accounted for by an actual receptor loss from the cell without an increase in the intracellular pool. These results indicate that insulin enhanced the rate of receptor degradation within the cell. Basal receptor inactivation was studied by using tunicamycin which inhibits new receptor synthesis. The surface receptor number was decreased with a half-life of 7 h, while the level of internal sites remained unchanged. Both basal and insulin-activated receptor degradation were markedly slowed down by chloroquine or dansylcadaverine, indicating the importance of endocytic pathways in this process. Similarly, when de novo protein glycosylation was inhibited for 24 h by tunicamycin, both basal and insulin-activated receptor inactivation were precluded.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

低频脉冲电场对胰岛素介导的细胞增殖影响及其作用机理研究

本文以胞外信号分子胰岛素为研究对象,从细胞信号系统与电磁场相互耦合角度,通过MTT比色法和间接免疫荧光技术研究脉冲电场(f=50Hz,τ=20μS,Epp=1V/m)对人肝细胞(L-02细胞株)的增殖能力以及胰岛素与细胞表面受体的专一结合特性的影响。MTT比色分析结果发现在脉冲电场对细胞增殖的直接作用中,处理5、10、20分钟对细胞增殖的抑制百分率分别为10.13％、18.10％和11.85％;脉冲电场对细胞增殖的间接作用中,胰岛素经脉冲电场处理20、40分钟,对细胞增殖的抑制百分率分别为10.31％和14.12％;流式细胞术检测结果表明细胞悬液和胰岛素共同经脉冲电场处理20分钟组其平均荧光强度降低22.74％,仅胰岛素受电场处理组和仅细胞受电场处理组的平均荧光强度分别下降12.96％和10.51％。本实验结果显示 脉冲电场对人肝细胞的作用体现在两个方面:一是电场直接作用于细胞膜上的胰岛素受体及其他膜成分;二是脉冲电场还可通过改变培养基中的胰岛素分子的构像,影响胰岛素与受体的结合能力,进而影响细胞的增殖等活动。     

Interferon-alpha down-regulates insulin receptors in lymphoblastoid (Daudi) cells. Relationship to inhibition of cell proliferation

The Daudi line of human lymphoblastoid cells requires insulin and transferrin for growth in serum-free medium and is highly sensitive to the inhibitory effect of human leukocyte interferon (IFN-alpha) on cell proliferation. A variant subline of Daudi cells, which is resistant to the antiproliferative action of IFN-alpha, also has been grown in serum-free medium containing insulin and transferrin. The proliferation of IFN-sensitive and -resistant Daudi cells is dependent on the occupancy of insulin receptors, with optimal cell proliferation observed at high receptor occupancy (nearly 100%). No evidence was found for receptors for insulin-like growth factor I on Daudi cells. IFN treatment of IFN-sensitive cells decreased the capacity of the cells to bind 125I-insulin. The altered binding capacity was due to diminished specific, lower affinity insulin binding, as detected at high 125I-insulin concentrations. Higher affinity insulin binding was not altered by IFN. Insulin binding was also reduced in detergent-solubilized extracts from IFN-treated sensitive Daudi cells and the magnitude of the effect was comparable to that observed in intact cells. This indicates that the total number of insulin binding sites (surface + internal) is decreased in IFN-treated sensitive cells. Insulin binding to IFN-sensitive cells decreased linearly with time between 6 and 48 h from the addition of IFN. The effect on lower affinity insulin binding developed more rapidly than the inhibitory effect of IFN on cell proliferation. The insulin-binding capacity of Daudi cells resistant to the antiproliferative effect of IFN was unaffected by IFN, despite the fact that these cells contain as many cell surface IFN receptors as sensitive cells. These observations raise the possibility that lower affinity insulin binding is important in the growth-promoting actions of insulin.     

Effect of tunicamycin on functions of PGE1 receptors from mouse mastocytoma P-815 cells

Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) receptors from mouse mastocytoma P-815 cells were found to bind to a wheat germ agglutinin (WGA)-Agarose column, suggesting that the receptors are glycoproteins. To further elucidate the role of carbohydrate moieties in the PGE1 receptors for their binding activity to ligand, the P-815 cells were treated with tunicamycin, swainsonine or monensin. Tunicamycin, an inhibitor of N-glycosylation, dose- and time-dependently inhibited the binding of PGE1 to mastocytoma P-815 cells. Neither swainsonine, an inhibitor of Golgi mannosidase II, nor monensin, an inhibitor of processing beyond the high mannose stage, altered PGE1 binding properties of the cells. The inhibition of PGE1 binding by tunicamycin was observed when incorporation of [3H]glucosamine into macromolecules was inhibited. The inhibitory effect was not on their affinity but on their number of binding sites. Subcellular distributions of [3H]PGE1-binding activity showed that decreases in the binding activity by tunicamycin were highest in plasma membrane fractions. Treatment of membranes with various endo- and exoglycosidases did not affect PGE1 binding. PGE1-stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation in the cells was also inhibited by tunicamycin. These results suggest that PGE1 receptors of mastocytoma P-815 cells are glycoproteins and that inhibition of N-glycosylation of PGE1 receptors by tunicamycin results in the arrest of the translocation of newly synthesized receptors to the surface of mastocytoma P-815 cells.     

Aldosterone impairs insulin responsiveness in U-937 human promonocytic cells via the downregulation of its own receptor

In an earlier study, we have reported an inhibition of insulin receptor (IR) mRNA levels and insulin binding by aldosterone in U-937 human promonocytic cells. In the present extension of our studies, we demonstrate that this inhibition by aldosterone had no effects on basal glucose transport or on basal thymidine incorporation into DNA, while the cell responsiveness reflected by the maximal response to insulin was decreased by 23% for glucose transport and by 31% for DNA synthesis after the aldosterone treatment. We also prove that this inhibition of the insulin response by aldosterone is mediated by a downregulation of the levels of mineralocorticoid receptors (MRs) (50% decrease) and their mRNA (50% decrease). In addition, the mineralocorticoid antagonist spironolactone reversed the decrease in MR mRNA levels elicited by aldosterone, which suggests the involvement of this receptor in the process.