黄鳝的繁殖生态学研究

以洞庭湖稻区黄鳝为调查研究对象 ,通过野外调查和室内实验系统研究了黄鳝的繁殖生态。对黄鳝的性腺发育周年变化、繁殖行为、自然产卵过程、产卵条件及繁殖洞穴的构造进行了观察和记录 ,产卵室是黄鳝繁殖洞穴特有的构造 ,繁殖洞穴泥土p H平均值为 6 .73± 1.0 12。亲鳝有护卵习性 ,通过对 30尾守洞亲鳝的性腺观察和切片验证 ,守洞鳝多为雄鳝 (占 6 1.3% ) ,少数为兼性偏雄性 (占 38.7% ) ,守洞鳝 1:0 0～ 2 :0 0全在外面活动 ,守洞鳝体长 L (cm)与体重 W (g)回归方程为 :W=1.2 5×10 - 2 L1 .4 2 (r=0 .76 )。人工模拟条件下 ,泡沫组受精卵的平均孵化率 (85 .2 % )极显著地高于对照组 (2 5 .4 % ) (t=8.18,t0 .0 5=2 .4 5 ) ,仔鱼平均成活率 (6 4 .0 % )显著高于对照组 (14 .0 % ) (t=3.73) ,同时对繁殖季节黄鳝为孵卵而所吐的泡沫的作用进行了分析。另外 ,证实了黄鳝产卵的最适放养密度为 2～ 3尾 / m2。为黄鳝的全人工繁殖和半人工繁殖提供了合理化的建议     

盐度对黄鳝摄食节律和排粪时间的影响

室内研究了不同盐度(0、2、4、6、8、10和12 g·L^-1)对经过摄食驯化的黄鳝摄食节律和排粪时间的影响.结果表明：盐度对黄鳝的摄食节律没有显著影响（P>0.05）,但不同时段的摄食比例存在极显著差异(P<0.01),每昼夜只有1个摄食高峰期.黄鳝排粪分批次完成,不同盐度下其批次不同.在盐度为0（对照）、2、8、10和12 g·L^-1条件下黄鳝均为3批排粪,在盐度4和6 g·L^-1下排粪批次分别为4批和5批.不同盐度下黄鳝的同批排粪时间均存在极显著差异(P<0.01),对照组的前3批排粪时间极显著高于其它组(P<0.01),即对照组前3批排粪相对推迟4～25 h.研究结果将为盐碱、滩涂水域人工养殖黄鳝的摄食管理和水质调控提供理论依据.     

不同生态因子对黄鳝受精卵孵化率的影响

This paper studied the effects of some ecological factors (temperature, pH, hatching method and ammonia) on the embryonic development of ricefield eel. The results indicated that the optimum hatching temperature of ricefield eel was 25～28℃, and no significant difference was found about the effects of pH within the range of pH 5.5～9.5 on the hatching rate of oosperm. Dripping water incubation had a higher hatching rate of oosperm than staticing water incubation, and the hatching rate of oosperm decreased with increasing ammonia content. The present study provided an available suggestion for the all-artificial and half-artificial breeding of ricefield eel.     

黄鳝性腺自然逆转过程中vasa基因的表达分析

本研究采用RNA反义探针原位杂交技术,对vasa基因在黄鳝(Monopterusalbus)性腺发育过程中的表达情况进行了分析。结果表明:vasamRNA在Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ期卵母细胞的胞质中均匀分布,在Ⅳ、Ⅴ期卵母细胞中vasamRNA有向胞质外周皮层迁移集中的趋势,但不明显;退化的卵粒也呈现vasamRNA阳性反应;在Ⅲ、Ⅳ期卵巢的被膜中检测到带有vasa阳性信号的细胞,这些细胞可能是待向精原细胞分化、迁移到卵巢被膜上的原始生殖细胞(Primordialgermcell,PGC),在性逆转过程中这些PGC可能由卵巢被膜迁移到精小叶中并发育成精子;在成熟精巢中,vasa在精原细胞和初级精母细胞中表达。进一步采用碱性磷酸酶染色法分析黄鳝卵巢及精巢后发现:在卵巢中,除了卵母细胞外,卵巢被膜中也检测到了带有碱性磷酸酶阳性信号的细胞;在成熟精巢中,只在生殖腺囊内的雄性生殖细胞中检测到碱性磷酸酶,而精巢被膜中没有检测到带有碱性磷酸酶阳性信号的细胞。本研究结果初步表明:黄鳝的雄性生殖细胞可能起源于雌性阶段卵巢被膜中的原始生殖细胞[动物学报51(3):469-475,2005]。     

Calcium excretion in feces of ungulates

1. Fecal excretion of calcium was examined in 122 individual ungulates representing 7 species of Equidae, 3 species of Tapiridae, 3 species of Rhinocerotidae, 2 species of Elephantidae, 2 species of Hippopotamidae, 12 species of Bovidae, 2 species of Cervidae, 3 species of Camellidae and 1 species of Giraffidae. 2. Animals were fed timothy hay, a low calcium diet or alfalfa hay, a high calcium diet. 3. In a few cases oat straw or prairie hay was used instead of timothy hay. 4. Samples of feces were obtained from individuals daily for 4 days following a 20 day dietary equilibration period. 5. Feces of equids, tapirs, rhinoceros and elephants had a lower calcium concentration and a lower Ca/P ratio than feces of ruminants when the animals were fed diets of equivalent calcium content. 6. The findings suggest that the non-ruminant ungulate equids, tapirs, rhinoceros and elephants absorb a larger proportion of dietary calcium than ruminants do.     

Effect of antibiotics on excretion of various microbial metabolites with feces

Concentrations of volatile fatty acids, free amino acids, ammonia, protein, carbohydrates, carboxylic acids and some cations were determined in feces of intact animals (rats) chromatographically and spectroscopically. Oral administration of 8 chemotherapeutic drugs in the therapeutic doses to the animals resulted in changing excretion of the majority of the above compounds associated with vital activity of the large intestine microflora which depended on the drug type. Investigation of metabolic activity of normal microflora of the gastrointestinal tract is shown promising for estimation of intestinal microbial biocenosis.     

水苏冲剂通便功能的研究

目的研究水苏冲剂的通便功能及使用剂量.方法采用动物实验,根据人体推荐量,将小白鼠(雄性,体重18～22 g)分为高剂量组[3.0 g/(kg·bw)]、中剂量组[1.5 g/(kg·bw)]和低剂量组[0.75 g/(kg·bw)]3个剂量组,另设模型对照组和阴性对照组.各剂量组分别相当于人体推荐用量的30倍、15倍和7.5倍.结果在不影响小白鼠体重的情况下,水苏冲剂3个剂量组小白鼠小肠推进率明显高于模型对照组,且差异有高度显著性(P＜0.01);水苏冲剂3个剂量组小白鼠的首次排便时间明显缩短,且与模型对照组相比差异有显著性(P＜0.01);中剂量组能明显增加致便秘小白鼠排便频率且与致便秘模型对照组比较差异有显著性(P＜0.05).结论水苏冲剂能明显促进小白鼠小肠运动,并能明显缩短小白鼠的首次排便时间.水苏糖具有通便功能.     

四川黄鳝寄生虫的初步调查

１９９７－１９９８年对四川省雅安、绵阳、洪雅等地区所产不同规格的黄鳝的寄生虫感染情况作了初步调查。查出５种寄生虫,其中以隐藏新棘虫和胃瘤线虫幼虫感染率较高。分别达５７．４％和４１．２％;感染强度大,最高分别达２０５条和３２条,是四川地区人工养殖黄鳝应重点防治的两种寄生虫。