UeberEurinorhynchus pygmaeus (Lin.)

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Ueber die F?rbung desMorphnus guianensis (Daud.) undM. Harpyia (L.)

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Schneeammern (Passerina nivalis L.) und Zwergtrappe (Otis tetrax L.) in Krain 1914/1915

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Copia and Gypsy retrotransposons activity in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

Background  

Retrotransposons are heterogeneous sequences, widespread in eukaryotic genomes, which refer to the so-called mobile DNA. They resemble retroviruses, both in their structure and for their ability to transpose within the host genome, of which they make up a considerable portion. Copia- and Gypsy-like retrotransposons are the two main classes of retroelements shown to be ubiquitous in plant genomes. Ideally, the retrotransposons life cycle results in the synthesis of a messenger RNA and then self-encoded proteins to process retrotransposon mRNA in double stranded extra-chromosomal cDNA copies which may integrate in new chromosomal locations.     

Zur Systematik und Verbreitungsgeschichte der Haus- und Weidensperlinge,Passer domesticus (L.) undhispaniolensis (T.)

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Circaetus gallicus (Gm.) in Holstein

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Ixobrychus minutus (L.) als Parkvogel

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Zur Nahrung derFulica alra (L.)

Ohne ZusammenfassungAus der Zeitschrift des zoolog. Gartens zu Frankfurt a. M. V. Jahrg S. 27.     

Zur Rassengliederung vonPytilia melba (L.)

Zusammenfassung Der Vergleich von 126 Bälgen vonPytilia melba (L.) ließ 13 Rassen erkennen, von denen eine(P. m. affinis) allerdings nur bedingte Anerkennung verdient. Neu beschrieben wirdP. m. clanceyi aus dem Sudan.     

Dispersion and phagokinesis in the echinoid Evechinus chloroticus (Val.)

Movement in the echinometrid sea urchin Evechinus chloroticus (Val.) was investigated in relation to the availability of a preferred food species, the laminarian alga Ecklonia radiata (C. Ag.). Patterns of microhabitat occupancy, dispersion, and movement were described in two habitats: Coralline Flats, dominated by encrusting coralline algae; and Sediment Flats, occupied by turfing corallines, Ecklonia and the mussel Modiolus areolatus (Gould). In both habitats, sea urchins were positively associated with encrusting coralline algae, despite the fact that encrusting corallines occupied a minor proportion of the substratum in the Sediment Flat habitat. Sea urchins were significantly clumped in both habitat types, and more so in sites within the Sediment Flats habitat. Movement was not directional in either habitat, but the magnitude of movement was almost twice as high in sites from the Coralline Flats habitat, where kelp was absent, as in the Sediment Flats sites, where kelp was present. Behaviour in response to the presence of Ecklonia in both habitats was investigated experimentally. In both habitats, urchins exposed to a “drift” kelp plant at a distance of 1–2 m exhibited net movement approximately twice as great as that shown by control urchins, not exposed to a kelp plant. Despite the relatively small distances the urchins were from the kelp, there was no evidence of directionality in movement. We conclude from the present study that further understanding of the feeding behaviour of urchins requires that a distinction be made between attached and drift algae, and between directionality and magnitude of movement, and that the interaction of these and other factors are best investigated under field conditions.     

Growth stimulation in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) by Trichoderma

Trichoderma species are commonly used as biological control agents against phytopathogenic fungi and some strains are able to produce metabolites that enhance plant growth. In the current study we evaluated the production of potential growth-promoting metabolites, rhizosphere competence and endophytism for 101 isolates of Trichoderma from Colombia, and assessed the relationship of these factors to the enhancement of early stages of growth on bean seedlings. Twenty percent of these Trichoderma strains were able to produce soluble forms of phosphate from phosphoric rock. Only 8% of the assessed strains showed consistent ability to produce siderophores to convert ferric iron to soluble forms by chelation. Sixty percent of isolates produced indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) or auxin analogues. The production of any of these metabolites was a characteristic of specific strains, as the ability to produce these metabolites varied greatly within species. Moreover, the production of these substances did not correlate with enhanced growth on bean seedlings, measured as the combined increase in length of roots and aerial parts in the V3 stage of growth. Seven Trichoderma isolates significantly improved the growth of bean seedlings. However, metabolite production varied widely in these seven strains, and some isolates did not produce any of the assessed growth-promoting metabolites. Results indicated that growth was enhanced in the presence of rhizosphere competent and endophytic strains of Trichoderma, and these characteristics were strain-specific and not characteristic for species.     

Dispersal of Acalitus essigi to blackberry (Rubus fruticosus agg.) fruit

The eriophyoid mite, Acalitus essigi (Hassan), is hypothesised to be responsible for redberry disease of blackberry (Rubus fruticosus L. agg.) fruit. Infested fruit ripen unevenly with affected drupelets becoming hard, inedible and bright red, whereas unaffected drupelets ripen evenly. As a first step toward possible control of this disease, the method and timing of dispersal of A. essigi onto developing blackberry fruit was examined. No mites were found on unopened flower buds or open flowers. However, infestation of fruit was found to commence during the green stage of fruit development and significantly increase during the red fruit stage. Although redberry symptoms were not observed, experimental exclusion of A. essigi to prevent the mite moving up the pedicel of open flowers by a sticky barrier significantly reduced A. essigi populations within the resultant fruit by over five fold that of control fruit. Although very low levels of aerial dispersal onto fruit cannot be discounted it was concluded that non-aerial or crawling dispersal via the fruit pedicel was the dominant method of blackberry fruit infestation.     

干旱胁迫对蒙古黄芪和膜荚黄芪不同器官黄酮类成分积累的影响

以一年生蒙古黄芪和膜荚黄芪幼苗为材料,采用盆栽控水试验,研究连续干旱胁迫12 d及恢复浇水对2种黄芪生理状态及其根、茎、叶中毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷和毛蕊异黄酮2种黄酮类成分含量的影响。结果显示:(1)干旱胁迫明显抑制了2种黄芪地上部生长,对其根系生长则无明显影响;土壤相对含水量在连续干旱处理4 d后就下降,但2种黄芪的叶片相对含水量只有在中度干旱胁迫(连续干旱8～12 d)下才下降,且膜荚黄芪的下降幅度大于蒙古黄芪。(2)干旱胁迫下,蒙古黄芪和膜荚黄芪根和叶中的SOD和POD活性均呈先上升后下降的趋势,且蒙古黄芪根和叶中的SOD和POD活性均低于膜荚黄芪。(3)干旱胁迫下,膜荚黄芪不同器官中的毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷含量表现为叶茎根,而蒙古黄芪根、茎和叶之间毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷含量差异不明显;膜荚黄芪中的毛蕊异黄酮含量表现为叶大于茎,在蒙古黄芪中则表现为茎大于叶;而且2种黄芪的黄酮类成分在同一器官中的积累也有一定的差异性。研究认为,蒙古黄芪的抗旱性高于膜荚黄芪,适度的干旱胁迫能够促进黄芪器官中毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷和毛蕊异黄酮的积累。     

Hakengimpel (Pinicola enucleator L.) in Westfalen

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Die FormenkreiseTurdus libonyanus (A. Sm.) undTurdus olivaceus L.

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Uebersicht der Formen vonSylvia curruca (Linn.)

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Beschreibung eines neuen Riesen-Baumhackers (Xiphocolaptes Less.)

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Die geographische Variation desPhylloscopus trochilus (L.)

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Zur Systematik der GattungCentropus (Mutationsstudien XXVIII.)

Zusammenfassung Centropus mindorensis ist ein völlig geschwärztes Allel vonC. viridis.Außerdem beherbergen die Philippinen noch 5Centropus-Arten, die sich folgendermaßen nach ihrer Verwandtschaft gruppieren lassen: I.C. bengalensis, II. a)C. sinensis, b)C. unirufus, c)C. melanops, d)C. steerii.Mutationsstudien XXVII: Journ. f. Orn. 1927, p. 574–579.     

Zur Brutbiologie der RalleLaterallus leucopyrrhus (Vieill.)

Ohne Zusammenfassung