共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
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Persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.), belonging to the Ebenaceae family, has been used not only as a fresh fruit, but also for many medicinal uses. Carotenoids
are the main pigment in persimmon fruit, which contribute significantly to fruit color and nutritional quality due to their
composition and content. In this study, fruit quality indices, carotenoid contents and expression of carotenogenic genes were
analyzed in two types of persimmon fruit. The results demonstrated that there was a positive correlation between fruit color
and the contents of main composition and total carotenoids. Carotenoid accumulation in persimmon fruit resulted from the interaction
of carotenogenic genes, but the molecular mechanisms responsible for accumulation of carotenoids in two types of persimmon
fruit had a few differences. As a complete unit, the relatively low expression level of phytoene synthase gene (DkPSY) in “Niuxinshi” resulted in low carotenoid contents or even under the detection limit at the early fruit developmental stages;
but low carotenoid contents in “Nishimurawase” were due to the relatively low expression level of carotenogenic genes other
than DkPSY. At the late fruit developmental stages, increased expression levels of DkPSY, phytoene desaturase gene and beta-carotene hydroxylase gene (DkBCH) induced elevated carotenoid contents; because all carotenogenic genes strongly expressed in “Nishimurawase”, a large amount
of carotenoids were accumulated. In addition, β-cryptoxanthin was the main composition whose content increased with the fruit
maturity changes, which was mainly because of DkBCH which might lead more conversion of β-carotene to β-cryptoxanthin. 相似文献
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Gady AL Vriezen WH Van de Wal MH Huang P Bovy AG Visser RG Bachem CW 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》2012,29(3):801-812
In tomato, carotenoids are important with regard to major breeding traits such as fruit colour and human health. The enzyme
phytoene synthase (PSY1) directs metabolic flux towards carotenoid synthesis. Through TILLING (Targeting Induced Local Lesions
IN Genomes), we have identified two point mutations in the Psy1 gene. The first mutation is a knockout allele (W180*) and the second mutation leads to an amino acid substitution (P192L).
Plants carrying the Psy1 knockout allele show fruit with a yellow flesh colour similar to the r, r mutant, with no further change in colour during ripening. In the line with P192L substitution, fruit remain yellow until
3 days post-breaker and eventually turn red. Metabolite profiling verified the absence of carotenoids in the W180* line and
thereby confirms that PSY1 is the only enzyme introducing substrate into the carotenoid pathway in ripening fruit. More subtle
effects on carotenoid accumulation were observed in the P192L line with a delay in lycopene and β-carotene accumulation clearly
linked to a very slow synthesis of phytoene. The observation of lutein degradation with ripening in both lines showed that
lutein and its precursors are still synthesised in ripening fruit. Gene expression analysis of key genes involved in carotenoid
biosynthesis revealed that expression levels of genes in the pathway are not feedback-regulated by low levels or absence of
carotenoid compounds. Furthermore, protein secondary structure modelling indicated that the P192L mutation affects PSY1 activity
through misfolding, leading to the low phytoene accumulation. 相似文献
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Identification of QTL and association of a phytoene synthase gene with endosperm colour in durum wheat 总被引:6,自引:6,他引:0
Pozniak CJ Knox RE Clarke FR Clarke JM 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2007,114(3):525-537
The yellow colour of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var durum) semolina is due in part to the presence of carotenoid pigments found in the endosperm and is an important end-use quality trait. We hypothesized that variation in the genes coding for phytoene synthase (Psy), a critical enzyme in carotenoid biosynthesis, may partially explain the phenotypic variation in endosperm colour observed among durum cultivars. Using rice sequence information, primers were designed to PCR clone and sequence the Psy genes from Kofa (high colour) and W9262-260D3 (medium colour) durum cultivars. Sequencing confirmed the presence of four Psy genes in each parent, corresponding to a two member gene family designated as Psy1-1, Psy1-2 and Psy2-1 and Psy2-2. A genetic map was constructed using 155 F1-derived doubled haploid lines from the cross W9262-260D3/Kofa with 194 simple sequence repeat and DArT markers. Using Psy1-1 and Psy2-1 allele-specific markers and chromosome mapping, the Psy1 and Psy2 genes were located to the group 7 and 5 chromosomes, respectively. Four quantitative trait loci (QTL) underlying phenotypic variation in endosperm colour were identified on chromosomes 2A, 4B, 6B, and 7B. The Psy1-1 locus co-segregated with the 7B QTL, demonstrating an association of this gene with phenotypic variation for endosperm colour. This work is the first report of mapping Psy genes and supports the role of Psy1-1 in elevated levels of endosperm colour in durum wheat. This gene is a target for the further development of a molecular marker to enhance selection for endosperm colour in durum wheat breeding programs. 相似文献
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Kentaro Inoue Kendra J. Furbee Sandra Uratsu Masaya Kato Abhaya M. Dandekar Yoshinori Ikoma 《Physiologia plantarum》2006,127(4):561-570
Citrus fruits are a rich source of carotenoids. cDNAs for carotenoid biosynthetic enzymes have been identified from their flavedos and juice sacs, and were used to examine expression patterns of carotenogenic genes during fruit development by several groups. However, functions of most of the gene products have not been verified yet. In this report, we examined catalytic activities of two carotenogenic enzymes from navel orange ( Citrus sinensis Osbeck), phytoene desaturase (CitPds) and lycopene-β-cyclase (CitLcyb), and one enzyme from Satsuma mandarin ( Citrus unshiu Marcow), lycopene-ɛ-cyclase (CitLcye). We also conducted in vitro import assay of the three proteins along with two other carotenogenic enzyme from navel orange, phytoene synthase (CitPsy) and carotenoid β-ring hydroxylase (CitChyb), using isolated chloroplasts, and confirmed their plastid localization and the presence of transit peptides that were cleaved upon import. Furthermore, we examined their suborganellar localization. CitPsy was found to be peripherally associated with the membrane, while CitPds was mainly recovered in the soluble fraction. By contrast, CitLcyb and CitLcye were targeted both to the soluble and to the membrane compartments, although the latter showed a stronger association to the membrane than the former. Finally, CitChyb was exclusively inserted into the chloroplast internal membranes. These data should help us better understand the mechanism of carotenoid biosynthesis. 相似文献
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《Plant Physiology and Biochemistry》2002,40(6-8):679-684
Reflectance spectra of four apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) cultivars were studied and chlorophyll, carotenoid, anthocyanin and flavonoid content in sunlit and shaded peel was determined. In all cases sunlit peel accumulated high amounts of phenolics (flavonoid glycosides). Adaptation to strong sunlight of an apple cultivar with limited potential for anthocyanin biosynthesis (Antonovka) was accompanied by a decrease in chlorophyll and a significant increase in total carotenoid content. The increase in carotenoids also took place in sunlit sides of the Zhigulevskoye fruits, accumulating high amounts of anthocyanins, but chlorophyll content in sunlit peel was higher than that in shaded peel. Significant increases in carotenoids and anthocyanins were detected during fruit ripening when chlorophyll content fell below 1.5–1.8 nmol cm–2. Chlorophyll in sunlit fruit surfaces of both cultivars was considerably more resistant to photobleaching than in shaded (especially of Zhigulevskoye) sides. Induced by sun irradiation, the photoadaptive responses were cultivar-dependent and expressed at different stages of fruit ripening even after storage in darkness. The development of sunscald symptoms in susceptible apple cultivars (Granny Smith and Renet Simirenko) led to a dramatic loss of chlorophylls and carotenoids, which was similar to that observed during artificial photobleaching. The results suggest that apple fruits exhibit a genetically determined strategy of adaptation of their photoprotective pigments to cope with mediated by reactive oxygen species photodynamic activity of chlorophyll under strong solar irradiation. This includes induction of synthesis and accumulation of flavonoids, anthocyanins and carotenoids that could be expressed, if necessary, at different stages of fruit development 相似文献
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Marty I Bureau S Sarkissian G Gouble B Audergon JM Albagnac G 《Journal of experimental botany》2005,56(417):1877-1886
In order to elucidate the regulation mechanisms of carotenoidbiosynthesis in apricot fruit (Prunus armeniaca), carotenoidcontent and carotenogenic gene expression were analysed as afunction of ethylene production in two colour-contrasted apricotvarieties. Fruits from Goldrich (GO) were orange, while Moniqui(MO) fruits were white. Biochemical analysis showed that GOaccumulated precursors of the uncoloured carotenoids, phytoeneand phytofluene, and the coloured carotenoid, ß-carotene,while Moniqui (MO) fruits only accumulated phytoene and phytofluenebut no ß-carotene. Physiological analysis showed thatethylene production was clearly weaker in GO than in MO. Carotenogenicgene expression (Psy-1, Pds, and Zds) and carotenoid accumulationwere measured with respect to ethylene production which is initiatedin mature green fruits at the onset of the climacteric stageor following exo-ethylene or ethylene-receptor inhibitor (1-MCP)treatments. Results showed (i) systematically stronger expressionof carotenogenic genes in white than in orange fruits, evenfor the Zds gene involved in ß-carotene synthesisthat is undetectable in MO fruits, (ii) ethylene-induction ofPsy-1 and Pds gene expression and the corresponding productaccumulation, (iii) Zds gene expression and ß-caroteneproduction independent of ethylene. The different results obtainedat physiological, biochemical, and molecular levels revealedthe complex regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis in apricotsand led to suggestions regarding some possible ways to regulateit. Key words: Apricot, carotenoid, ethylene, fruit, 1-MCP, Prunus armeniaca, ripening-related genes 相似文献
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Contents of individual carotenoids in the fruits of Ramillete cultivar ofCapsicum annuum L. changed during ripening of recently harvested fruits or fruits stored 15 d in a dark and cool room. β-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin contents rose to a maximum and then declined, while the contents of other earotenoids rose to a rather steady level. Capsanthin was the main carotenoid which together with capsorubin were responsihle for the ripening colour. 相似文献
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Andrade-Souza V Costa MG Chen CX Gmitter FG Costa MA 《Genetics and molecular research : GMR》2011,10(1):404-409
Carotenoids are responsible for a range of fruit colors in different hot pepper (Capsicum) varieties, from white to deep red. Color traits are genetically determined by three loci, Y, C1, and C2, which are associated with carotenogenic genes. Although such genes have been localized on genetic maps of Capsicum and anchored in Lycopersicon and Solanum, physical mapping in Capsicum has been restricted to only a few clusters of some multiple copy genes. Heterologous probes from single copy genes have been rarely used. Fluorescent in situ hybridization was performed in Capsicum annuum varieties with different fruit colors, using heterologous probes of Psy and β-Lcy genes obtained from a BAC library of the sweet orange (Citrus sinensis). The probes hybridized in the terminal portion of a chromosome pair, confirming the location of these genes in genetic maps. The hybridized segments showed variation in size in both chromosomes. 相似文献