雌激素受体β潜在磷酸化位点突变体的构建及其活性测定

目的：构建雌激素受体（ER）β潜在磷酸化位点突变体,并在人胚肾细胞293T中检测其对ERβ下游基因转录的影响。方法：通过ERα和ERβ序列同源性比对,寻找ERβ的潜在磷酸化位点;以pcDNA3-ERβ-FLAG为模板,通过重组PCR,将ERβ264位、469位Ser编码基因突变为Ala编码基因,将突变片段连接到同样双酶切的pcDNA3-FLAG载体中,Western blot检测其表达;将重组质粒转入293T细胞中,检测突变体对含雌激素应答元件（ERE）的报告基因转录活性的影响。结果：ERα和ERβ序列同源性比对发现ERβ的264位Ser和469位Ser可能是其潜在的磷酸化位点;构建了ERβ264位和469位2个点突变体载体pcDNA3-FLAG-ERβ（S264A）和pcDNA3-FLAG-ERβ（S469A）,Western blot可检测到ERβ突变体融合蛋白在293T细胞中表达。萤光素酶活性检测表明,在没有雌激素刺激的情况下,2个突变体的活性较野生型没有变化;加入雌激素后,突变体的活性较野生型略有升高。结论：ERβ的264位和469位Ser位点的磷酸化可能不是ERβ调节下游基因转录所必需的,活性升高可能是由于ERβ构象变化造成的。     

pax2启动子的克隆及其在人胚胎肾293T细胞中的转录活性

目的:克隆paired box2(pax2)基因的启动子,插入荧光素酶报告基因载体中,并检测其活性。方法:采用PCR技术从人乳腺癌细胞系MCF-7基因组中扩增出pax2启动子,插入荧光素酶报告基因载体pGL3-basic中,确定所扩增的DNA序列。将重组的报告基因瞬时转染人胚胎肾293T细胞,检测pax2启动子活性。结果:测序结果显示扩增的pax2启动子序列正确;活性实验表明构建的报告基因具有启动子活性,雌激素受体α(ERα)能以剂量依赖的方式升高pax2报告基因的转录。结论:克隆了pax2启动子,为ERα共调节子的功能研究提供了重要基础。     

含VEGF启动子的报告基因的构建及雌激素受体对其活性的影响

目的：构建含血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）基因启动子的荧光素酶报告基因载体,并检测其在雌激素受体作用下的转录活性。方法：以乳腺癌细胞系MCF-7基因组为模板,扩增VEGF启动子片段,克隆到荧光素酶报告基因载体pGL3-basic中。用脂质体介导的基因瞬时转染法,将重组正确的报告基因载体转染293T细胞,检测重组质粒中荧光素酶报告基因的表达。结果：酶切鉴定和DNA序列分析表明构建了正确的pGL3-basic—VEGF报告基因载体;转录活性实验表明构建的报告基因载体具有启动子活性,雌激素受体α（ERα）能以剂量依赖的方式升高VEGF启动子调控下的报告基因的转录。结论：克隆了VEGF启动子,为ERα共调节子的功能研究奠定了基础。     

含p27启动子的荧光素酶报告基因的构建和活性测定

目的:克隆p27基因的启动子,插入荧光素酶报告基因载体中,并检测其活性。方法:采用PCR技术从人乳腺癌细胞系MCF-7基因组中扩增出p27启动子,插入荧光素酶报告基因载体pGL3-basic中,确定所扩增的DNA序列,在293T细胞中检测其活性。结果:测序结果显示扩增的p27启动子序列正确,活性实验表明构建的报告基因具有启动子活性,雌激素受体(ER)α能以剂量依赖的方式升高p27报告基因的转录。结论:克隆了p27启动子,为ERα共调节子的功能研究提供了重要基础。     

含p21启动子的荧光素酶报告基因的构建和活性测定

目的:克隆p21基因的启动子,插入荧光素酶报告基因载体中,并检测其活性。方法:采用PCR技术从人乳腺癌细胞系MCF-7基因组中扩增出p21启动子,插入荧光素酶报告基因载体pGL3-basic中,确定所扩增的DNA序列,在293T细胞中检测其活性。结果:测序结果表明扩增的p21启动子序列正确,活性实验表明构建的报告基因具有启动子活性,雌激素受体(ER)α能以剂量依赖的方式升高p21报告基因的转录。结论:克隆了p21启动子,为ERα共调节子的功能研究提供了重要基础。     

PES1与雌激素受体存在相互作用

雌激素(E2)和雌激素受体(ER)在E2诱发的肿瘤中起着极其重要的作用.ER共调节因子通过与ER相互作用调节其生物学功能.PES1主要表达于E2的重要靶器官如乳腺、卵巢等组织中,并在乳腺癌细胞中高表达.用PCR技术构建HA标签的PES1全长以及1～322aa、312 ～588aa和414～588aa三个不同功能区片段的重组质粒.将不同的重组质粒与FLAG-ERα和或FLAGC-ERβ共转染293T细胞后进行免疫共沉淀,以验证PES1与ER是否有相互作用以及相互作用的区域.用含雌激素受体作用元件的荧光素酶报告基因( ERE-LUC)检测PES1对ERα和ERβ转录激活活性的影响.结果表明,PES1与ERα和ERβ均相互作用,且PES1的1～ 322aa区域与ERα和ERβ相结合.PES1能特异地、E2非依赖性抑制ERβ的转录激活活性.实验结果显示,PES1是一个新的ER共调节因子,需要进一步研究其在ERβ信号通路及其在E2诱发的肿瘤的作用.     

XBP-1能提高雌激素受体ERα的转录活性

雌激素受体 (ERα)是一种核受体 ,调节与雌激素有关的基因转录 ,在乳腺癌的发生发展过程中具有重要作用。在乳腺癌中 ,人X盒结合蛋白 1(XBP 1)与ERα共表达 ,并在一些乳腺肿瘤中过表达。最近发现XBP 1有两种剪切形式 ,即XBP 1S和XBP 1U ,但它们在ERα信号途径中的作用还不清楚。分别将XBP 1S和XBP 1U编码序列克隆至带有FLAG标签的pcDNA3载体中 ,构建成pcDNA3 FLAG XBP 1S和pcDNA3 FLAG XBP 1U重组质粒。Western印迹分析表明 ,该两种XBP 1形式在哺乳动物细胞中都得到了表达。XBP 1的两种剪切形式的重组质粒分别和ERα表达载体共转染乳腺癌细胞MDA MB 2 31,检测该两种剪切形式对ERα转录活性的影响。结果表明 ,XBP 1S和XBP 1U以激素不依赖的形式提高ERα的转录活性。GST沉淀实验表明 ,XBP 1S和XBP 1U均能与ERα结合。这些结果提示 ,XBP 1S和XBP 1U可能通过影响ERα信号途径在乳腺癌的发生发展中起重要作用。     

TBK1通过增强雌激素受体α的转录活性参与乳腺癌发生的分子机制

目的:研究乳腺癌细胞中TANK结合激酶1(TBK1)的功能及分子机制。方法:利用含有雌激素应答元件(ERE)的萤光素酶报告基因检测TBK1对雌激素受体α(ERα)转录活性的影响;将TBK1参与激活先天免疫途径的关键位点突变,使其丧失激活先天免疫的功能,再用同样方法检测TBK1突变体对ERα转录活性的影响;采用RT-PCR检测TBK1通过磷酸化修饰对ERα下游基因表达水平的影响。结果:TBK1增强ERα的转录活性,从而增强其下游基因的表达。结论:TBK1能以不依赖于其激活先天免疫途径功能的方式增强ERα的转录活性。     

雌激素受体β表达载体的构建及其转录活性测定

为探索雌激素受体B(ERβ)在乳腺癌形成过程中的分子机制,构建出带HA标签的ERl3真核表达载体。首先将PCR扩增出的带HA标签的DNA片段连接到pcDNA3载体中,得到重组质粒pcDNA3-HA。再将ERβ完整编码区序列克隆到pcDNA3-HA中,得到重组质粒pcDNA3-HA—ERβ。Western印迹结果表明,转染pcDNA3-HA-ERβ重组质粒的293T细胞表达了与预期大小一致的HA—ERβ。用含雌激素应答元件的报告基因系统检测ERβ的转录活性表明。HA—ERβ在293T细胞中的表达激活了报告基因的表达。ERβ表达载体的成功构建为深入研究其生物学功能打下了坚实的基础。     

雌激素受体β与乳腺癌

雌激素受体β(ERβ)与雌激素受体α(ERα)的结构相似,是一类配体调节的转录因子,属于核受体超家族,分布于乳腺等多种组织中,具有重要的生理病理学意义。本文简要综述雌激素受体β的基因结构、剪接变体、转录调节机制及其在乳腺癌发生发展、治疗预后和抗雌激素耐受中的意义。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.