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目的:探讨丹参注射液对顺铂致小鼠耳毒性的保护作用,为顺铂耳毒性作用的防治提供实验依据.方法:应用听觉脑干反应(ABR)检测给药前后各组小鼠不同滤波click听力阈值的变化.结果:顺铂可引起小鼠体重明显下降和各滤波click听力阈值的升高.而丹参拮抗组小鼠给药前后体重和ABR听力阈值的改变明显低于单纯顺铂给药组,并呈剂量依赖关系.结论:丹参可明显减轻顺铂对小鼠的听力损伤. 相似文献
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目的:探讨不同天数姜黄素灌胃对顺铂所致小鼠胃排空障碍的作用及其是否通过减轻氧化损伤发挥作用。方法:健康成年昆明种小鼠,随机分为对照组、顺铂组、姜黄素组和顺铂+姜黄素灌胃1天、5天、10天、15天、20天和30天组,每组8只。用药结束后24小时测量胃残留率并取胃组织检测MDA和SOD含量。结果:注射顺铂后,各组小鼠体重明显减轻,姜黄素灌胃10~30天可明显减轻顺铂导致的体重减少(P0.05);注射顺铂后各组胃残留率升高(P0.05),而姜黄素预先灌胃10~30天可明显减轻顺铂导致的胃残留率增高(P0.05),各组间治疗效应无明显差异。姜黄素灌胃1~5天组小鼠体重和胃残留率都无显著改善。各组胃组织中MDA和SOD含量差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:姜黄素预先灌胃10天以上可改善顺铂所致的小鼠胃排空障碍,但延长天数并不会有进一步改善;其作用可能不主要通过抗氧化途径。 相似文献
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目的:研究顺铂的中枢听觉毒性以及褪黑素对其的保护作用。方法:用顺铂和不同浓度褪黑素分别在豚鼠左右腹腔注射7d后,用分光光度计测量听皮层脑组织LDH活力、MDA、NO含量。结果:顺铂注射7d后各组的体重均下降,其中以单独注射顺铂组和10mg·kg^-1·d^-1褪黑素加顺铂组下降趋势最明显,较处理前有显著差异(P〈0.01)。顺铂组动物听皮层LDH活力水平明显高于生理盐水组(P〈0.01);褪黑索能显著降低顺铂引起的听皮层脑组织中的LDH增高(P〈0.05)。豚鼠腹腔注射顺铂7d后听皮层MDA含量较腹腔注射生理盐水组明显增高(P〈0.01);同时腹腔注射褪黑素能降低听皮层组织MDA含量(P〈0.05)。各药物作用后听皮层的NO含量变化统计学比较无显著性意义。结论:腹腔注射顺铂能够作用于听皮层引起细胞损伤。褪黑素对顺铂所致的听皮层细胞损伤有防护作用,机制可能与其抗自由基作用有关。 相似文献
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目的:建立小鼠顺铂(CDDP)耳毒性模型,研究不同剂量顺铂对小鼠耳蜗螺旋神经节细胞凋亡及caspase-3表达的影响。方法:采用末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶介导的缺口末端标记(TUNEL)技术检测螺旋神经节细胞的凋亡;应用免疫组织化学Envision法检测caspase-3在螺旋神经节中的表达;同时结合听脑干反应(ABR)测试,观察用药前后小鼠听力的变化。结果:不同剂量顺铂组小鼠体重和听力明显下降,与对照组比较均有显著性差异(P0.05,P0.01);并且随着顺铂给药剂量的增加,小鼠耳蜗螺旋神经节中TUNEL阳性细胞数增多,以及caspase-3表达明显增强。结论:应用小鼠能建立可靠的顺铂耳毒性模型;顺铂可导致耳蜗螺旋神经节细胞凋亡,而且此凋亡过程中有caspase-3的参与,进一步证实了凋亡可能是顺铂耳毒性机制之一。 相似文献
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目的:探讨抗癌药顺铂(cisplatin)对小鼠脑和肾组织DNA的氧化损伤。方法:采用SABC法进行脑和肾组织8-OHdG的免疫组化染色。结果:顺铂给药组小鼠的大脑皮质和海马的毛细血管内皮细胞及肾小球毛细血管内皮细胞呈现8-OHdG免疫组化阳性反应,对照组小鼠在上述区域未见阳性反应细胞。结论:顺铂可引起大脑皮质和海马的毛细血管内皮细胞及肾小球毛细血管内皮细胞DNA的氧化损伤。 相似文献
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摘要 目的:探讨顺铂对大鼠造成的听力损伤及耳蜗细胞形态学变化。方法:体内实验,运用顺铂腹腔注射的方法,连续七天注射,通过听性脑干反应检测,观察顺铂对不同日龄的大鼠听力损伤情况;测听后取耳蜗,通过基底膜铺片和冰冻切片的免疫荧光染色,观察听力损伤后对耳蜗毛细胞和螺旋神经元的影响。体外实验,耳蜗器官培养免疫荧光染色,观察顺铂对耳蜗毛细胞和螺旋神经元的影响。结果:顺铂具有耳毒性,会对大鼠听力造成损伤,高频听力损伤更加严重,而且对不同日龄的大鼠造成的听力损失不同,小日龄的大鼠对顺铂耳毒性更加敏感。体内实验,顺铂耳毒性造成听力损失,会引起大鼠耳蜗毛细胞的缺失,但未观察到明显的螺旋神经元缺失,也没有观察到明显的Cleaved caspase-3阳性螺旋神经元细胞。体外实验,可以观察到顺铂同时引起毛细胞和螺旋神经元产生明显的损伤。结论:体、内外实验,都可以建立稳定的顺铂耳毒性大鼠耳聋模型,对研究顺铂损伤耳蜗毛细胞的发生机制和保护奠定了实验基础。 相似文献
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目的:探索顺铂对胃组织Cajal间质细胞(Cajal interstitial cells,ICCs)结构和功能的损伤以及姜黄素的保护作用。方法:选用成年雄性昆明种小鼠,随机分为对照组、顺铂组和顺铂+姜黄素组,每组各10只。姜黄素(200 mg/kg/d)混悬液连续灌胃15天。顺铂于实验结束前5天开始腹腔注射(2 mg/kg/d)共5天。计算每只小鼠最后5天的体重增减值,停药24 h后测量小鼠的胃排空率。电镜检测胃组织ICC超微结构,并测定特异性反映ICC功能变化的Ano1蛋白和m RNA的表达情况。结果:注射顺铂后各组小鼠的体重和胃排空率均显著降低(P0.01);与顺铂组相比,姜黄素预先灌胃组小鼠体重下降较少(P0.01),胃排空率有所回升(P0.05)。注射顺铂后,胃组织中ICCs受损,尤其与周围神经和肌肉间的缝隙连接增大甚至断裂,而姜黄素可以减轻这种损伤。同时,顺铂组胃组织中Ano1 m RNA和蛋白表达均下降(P0.01),加姜黄素组有所改善(P0.05)。结论:而姜黄素可通过减轻顺铂所致胃组织ICC结构损伤以及增强Ano1表达进而增强ICC慢波起博功能。 相似文献
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目的:观察顺铂化疗对下丘脑、血浆ghrelin、orexin表达和摄食量的影响。方法:Real-time PCR、ELISA法观察顺铂对大鼠下丘脑、血浆ghrelin、orexin表达及摄食量的影响;19名接受顺铂经导管动脉灌注化疗(TAI)的肝细胞患者(HCC),ELISA法检测化疗前和化疗后血浆ghrelin、orexin的变化,用直观类比标度(VAS)(0-10)评估食欲和摄食量。结果:每日腹腔注射顺铂6 mg/kg,1-5 d大鼠摄食量均显著减少(P0.05),且1-4 d血浆酰化ghrelin显著降低(P0.05),5d时浓度仍低于对照组,但无统计学意义。血浆非酰化ghrelin和总的血浆ghrelin没有明显变化(P0.05),而1-5天血浆orexin水平均明显降低(P0.05);顺铂注射1 d后,大鼠下丘脑ghreilin和orexin的mRNA表达量均显著减少(P0.05),ghrelin mRNA变化持续3 d,orexin mRNA在化疗后5 d仍低于对照组(P0.05);肝细胞癌患者化疗后1至8 d的摄食量明显降低,1 d和2 d时的血浆酰化ghrelin显著低于化疗前水平(P0.05)。3 d时逐渐恢复,化疗后3 d、4 d和7 d时血浆酰化ghrelin浓度与化疗前无统计学差异(P0.05)。血浆非酰化ghrelin和总的血浆ghrelin没有明显变化(P0.05);化疗后1~4 d时血浆orexin浓度均显著降低(P0.05),化疗后7 d时orexin基本恢复到化疗前水平(P0.05)。结论:顺铂可降低大鼠下丘脑和血浆ghrelin、orexin的mRNA表达,HCC的TAI会降低血浆酰化ghrelin、orexin、和摄食量。 相似文献
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《中国实验动物学报》2021,(5)
目的研究顺铂不同给药方案对小鼠类固醇激素合成及储备功能的影响。方法 40只雌性ICR小鼠分为4组,顺铂连续和间隔造模组以及两个对照组。顺铂连续造模组给药7 d,每天注射3 mg/kg顺铂;间隔造模组每周注射1次10 mg/kg顺铂,共4次。末次造模前进行旷场实验、转棒疲劳实验、抓力测试;次日处死前称体重,摘取小鼠心脏、脾、胸腺和双侧肾并称重; RT-qPCR检测下丘脑GnRH和CRH、垂体Pomc、Fshb、Lhb、Pou1f1基因表达,以及肾上腺和卵巢类固醇合成酶(St AR、Cyp11a1、Cyp21a1、Cyp17a1、Cyp11b1、Hsd3b2、Cyp19a1、Hsd17b1)及受体(Esr1、Esr2和Gper1)基因表达; Western Blot检测肾上腺和卵巢St AR、CYP11A1、CYP21A2和CYP11B1蛋白表达。结果与对照组比较:(1)不同频次顺铂造模均可抑制小鼠体重增长,顺铂累积后可以诱导小鼠气虚证表现,并抑制脏器质量。(2)不同频次顺铂造模均能加速激活原始卵泡分化,产生大量闭锁卵泡,诱导膜细胞及颗粒细胞凋亡,健康的成熟卵泡减少;但对肾上腺组织和细胞形态影响不大。(3)连续造模后肾上腺St AR蛋白表达下调;间隔造模后St AR升高,但下调CYP11B1蛋白表达。(4)连续造模后,卵巢Cyp11a1、Hsd3b2、Esr1和Gper1基因表达上调,Star和Cyp17a1基因表达下调;间隔造模后St AR蛋白表达和Hsd3b2基因表达下调。(5)顺铂连续造模后下丘脑GnRH和CRH基因表达明显下调。(6)顺铂连续造模后垂体Pomc、Fshb、Pou1f1基因表达升高,而间隔造模组Lhb表达下降。结论顺铂能够诱发小鼠气虚、精气不足证的相关表现;合成类固醇激素的卵巢受到选择性损伤大于肾上腺,短期连续给药也进一步抑制HPA轴和HPG轴的高级中枢下丘脑和垂体功能。 相似文献
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观察小鼠感染旋毛虫后不同时期的心肌及血清中NOS、CAT、MDA及GSH-PX 4个检测指标的变化,以期从发病学角度分析氧化酶类在旋毛虫病的发生发展中所起的作用。结果显示:小鼠心肌中的NOS、CAT、MDA和GSH-PX 4个检测指标在感染旋毛虫后的不同时期(7-28d)呈现出明显不同的变化。心肌及血液中的MDA在感染过程中一直维持较高水平,而GSH-PX及CAT含量则显著减少。实验结果提示:旋毛虫可诱发氧自由基对心肌产生氧化损伤、氧化代谢产物的堆积及抗氧化能力的改变,这些因素可能是旋毛虫性心肌炎的形成原因。 相似文献
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Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis
It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis. 相似文献
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RICHARD E. NORRIS 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》1991,106(1):1-40
Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera. 相似文献
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JOAN VALUÈS MONTSERRAT TORRELL NÚRIA GARCIA JACAS 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2001,137(4):399-407
Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted. 相似文献
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肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV
RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV
RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV
RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV
X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV
C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细 相似文献
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H.-R. GREGORIUS 《Biological journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》1984,23(2-3):157-165
For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment. 相似文献
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment. 相似文献