曲霉及其有性型散囊菌的新分类群和新记录种

在收集和分离我国曲霉工作中,发现一个国内新纪录和三个新分类群：１、埃及曲霉,国内新记录。２、合阳曲霉新种,与爪甲曲霉相近,但颜色和具刺不育菌丝有所不同。３．温特曲霉烟色变种,与原变种的主要区别在于颜色为蓝灰色并具异常膨大的梗基。４．瘤突散囊菌新种,其子囊孢子的纹饰独特,凸面具粗疏瘤状突起。     

云南省可培养丝孢真菌资源的调查研究Ⅰ*

作者于1992年在云南省实地考察,历时60天。在此期间共采集了土壤样品和其他材料共414号,并从这些基物中分离到大量菌株,研究结果将陆续整理并发表。除新种、罕见种和我国新记录种进行详细描述并附图外,其他物种均以名录形式予以报道。本文报道曲霉属（Aspergillus）的8个分类单位：帚状曲霉,烟色曲霉原变种,烟色曲霉椭孢变种,绿垂曲霉,棒曲霉,矮棒曲霉,烟束曲霉和爪甲曲霉。     

曲霉属黄绿组的一个产毒新种

本文报道曲霉属黄绿组(通常称黄曲霉群)的一个产毒新种肇庆曲霉(Aspergillus zhaoqingensis sp.nov.)。该菌分离广东肇庆土壤,在形态上近于米曲霉(A.oryzae),但作为该组的关键分类特征分生孢子纹饰很不相同:本种的分生孢子明显的粗疏粗糙至具不规则的脊状突起而米曲霉则为光滑或稍粗糙。本种能产生黄曲霉毒素B_1而米曲霉则不产生。本菌亦不同于组内其它菌种。文中对与黄曲霉密切相关诸种也作了简短的讨论。     

云南省可培养丝孢真菌资源的调查研究Ⅱ

本文继续报道曲霉属的16个分类群：杂色曲霉原变种,杂色曲霉疣梗变种,聚多曲霉,焦曲霉,土曲霉原变种,土曲霉金色变种,黄柄曲霉,温特曲霉,黄曲霉原变种,黄曲霉柱头变种,溜曲霉,炭黑曲霉,黑曲霉,泡盛曲霉,塔宾曲霉和日本曲霉。     

一株仙人掌植物内生真菌的分离鉴定及活性研究*

从元江仙人掌的茎中分离到一株产广谱、高活性抑菌物质的内生真菌,经测定对细菌、植物病原真菌和皮肤致病真菌共21种病原微生物有较为明显的抑制作用。形态特征表明,该菌株与曲霉属(Aspergillus)中的土生曲霉(Aspergillus terreus)的特征基本一致,18S rDNA序列分析显示本菌株与土生曲霉的同源性高于99%,但该菌株的分生孢子梗上有明显的瘤状突起,不同于模式菌株。因此认为该菌株为土生曲霉的一个变种,命名为土生曲霉云南变种(Aspergillus ter     

一株仙人掌植物内生真菌的分离鉴定及活性研究

从元江仙人掌的茎中分离到一株产广谱、高活性抑菌物质的内生真菌,经测定对细菌、植物病原真菌和皮肤致病真菌共21种病原微生物有较为明显的抑制作用。形态特征表明,该菌株与曲霉属（Aspergillus）中的土生曲霉（Aspergillus terreus）的特征基本一致,18SrDNA序列分析显示本菌株与土生曲霉的同源性高于99％,但该菌株的分生孢子梗上有明显的瘤状突起,不同于模式菌株。因此认为该菌株为土生曲霉的一个变种,命名为土生曲霉云南变种（Aspergillus terreus vat．yunnanensis）。并对其活性物质的生产条件进行了初步摸索,确定用查氏培养基为最佳种子培养基,PDA培养基为最佳发酵培养基,4d为最适发酵时间。     

中国尾管蓟马族种类及一新种记述(缨翅目,管蓟马科)

记述中国尾管蓟马族3属8种,其中瘤突管蓟马属Bradythrips Hood et Williams为中国新纪录属,并描述了该属1新种,张氏瘤突管蓟马Bradythrips zhangi sp.nov.;编制了中国尾管蓟马族种类名录及种类检索表.新种与近似种Bradythrips hesperus的形态区别:1)新种雌虫腹部2～8节腹面中央各着生1个纵向刻纹斑,而B. hesperus缺该特征;2)新种头部褐色,而B.hesperus头部草黄色;3)新种肛鬃2对等长,而B.Hesperus肛鬃2对不等长.新种的模式标本保存于华南农业大学昆虫学系昆虫标本室(SCAU).     

云南省可培养丝孢真菌资源的调查研究

本文报道曲霉属及其相关的有性型属、即散囊菌属和裸胞壳属的分类群共15个,其中新变种1个,我国新记录3个。它们是：日本曲霉小囊变种(新变种),赭曲霉,蜂蜜曲霉,孔曲霉,埋藏曲霉(新记录),佩特曲霉(新记录)、亮白曲霉,阿姆斯特丹散囊菌,谢瓦散囊菌,腊叶散囊菌,赤散囊菌,匍匐散囊菌原变种,构巢裸胞壳,无冠裸胞壳和刺孢裸胞壳(新记录)。     

云南省可培养丝孢真菌资源的调查研究Ⅲ

本文报道曲霉属及其相关的有性型属、即散囊菌属和裸胞壳属的分类群共１５个,其中新变种１个,我国新记录３个。它们是：日本曲霉小囊变种（新变种）,赭曲霉,蜂蜜曲霉,孔曲霉,埋藏曲霉（新记录）,佩特曲霉（新记录）、亮白曲霉,阿姆斯特丹散囊菌,谢瓦散囊菌,腊叶散囊菌,赤散囊菌,匍匐散囊菌原变种,构巢裸胞壳,无冠裸胞壳和刺孢裸胞壳（新记录）     

茯砖茶中优势菌种的鉴定

所谓“黄霉菌”是茯砖茶发酵中的益菌。它实际上是散囊菌属产生的黄色闭囊壳。优势种经鉴定为冠突散囊菌[Eurotium cristatum(Raper ＆ Fennell)Malloch & cain],它的无性型是针刺曲霉(Aspergillus spiculosus Blaser),异名是冠突曲霉(A.cristatus Raper &Fennell)。文中还对有关该菌的命名问题和在我国的分布作了讨论。     

散囊菌属的两个新种

本文报道两个新种,肋状散囊菌(Eurotium costiforme)和少疣散囊菌(E.parviver-ruculosum)。前者的主要特征是子囊孢子的凸面有许多网结的肋状突起;在查氏琼脂上产生大量的闭囊壳,但分生孢子结构极少。后者在查氏琼脂上生长很局限;子囊孢子大,凸面近于平滑或有少量小疣等主要特点。     

分离自西藏的两个散囊菌新种

本文报道两个新种:粪生散囊菌(Eurotium fimicola)和旱生散囊菌(Eurotium aridicola),它们不同于已报道的该属诸种。     

Three newAspergillus species isolated from clinical sources as a causal agent of human aspergillosis

Three new species ofAspergillus isolated from clinical sources in China are described and illustrated:A. beijingensis, A. qizutongii andA. wangduanlii. The first species is characterized by spreading colonies, yellow to grayish green conidial heads, smooth-walled conidiophores with a clavate vesicle, uniseriate aspergilla and nearly globose, micro-verrucose conidia. The second is characterized by spreading colonies, olive-yellow conidial heads, conspicuously roughened conidiophores with a flask-shaped vesicle, uniseriate but often secondarily proliferating aspergilla and globose, smooth conidia. The third is characterized by rapidly growing colonies, dull green conidial heads, smooth to irregularly roughened conidiophores which are often surrounded by coiled hyphae in the basal part and are terminally swollen into a globose or irregular shaped vesicle, uniseriate aspergilla and globose, micro-verrucose conidia.     

Aspergillus taichungensis,a new species from Taiwan

Aspergillus taichungensis isolated from a soil sample collected in Taiwan is described as a new species. The new species is characterized by its restricted growth on Czapek's and malt extract agars and its white to light yellow colonies, radiate conidial heads, smooth and often diminutive conidiophores, hemispherical to elongate vesicles with biseriate aspergilla (conidiogenous cells), globose, micro-verrucose conidia and dark brown sclerotia. The species somewhat resemblesA. versicolor, A. terreus andA. flavipes, but differs in cultural and morphological details, and is considered to represent an interface species in the subgenusNidulantes.     

分离自赤豆的青霉新种

本文报道青霉属一个新种,分离自赤豆,特点是分生孢子无色,命名为无色青霉(Penicillium incoloratum sp.nov.).模式和来自模式的活培养物都保存在中国科学院微生物研究所。     

青霉属的一个新种

本文报告从贵阳市细叶桉树流胶上分离到的一株青霉,在查氏琼脂上生长极为局限,菌落质地为绳状,并形成匍匐枝样的菌丝,超越菌落之外再重新进入培养基内生长。帚状枝大多为双轮对称型,少数单轮生或不规则分枝。瓶梗不呈典型的披针形。分生孢子球形至近球形,具瘤状突起。分生孢子链形成相当致密的短柱,一部分的顶部稍尖。该菌属于双轮对称青霉组的绳状青霉系,近于擒状青霉(Penicillium piceum Raper et Fenncll),但区别在于菌落特征明显不同和具有瘤状突起的分生孢子,命名为树脂青霉(Penicillium resinae sp. Nov)。     

Aspergillus salviicola,a new species from imported spice

A new species ofAspergillus, A. salviicola, has been isolated from Turkish sage, an imported spice in Japan. The species, characterized by white to rosy buff conidial heads, pinkish smooth-walled conidiophores, large biseriate aspergilla, globose smooth-walled conidia, absence of sclerotia and thermotolerant growth, is considered to represent an interface species in the subgenusCircumdati.     

Laccase localized in hulle cells and cleistothecial primordia of Aspergillus nidulans.

Several species of the genus Aspergillus form sexual spores within minute (approximately 0.2 mm) spherical shells (cleisthothecia) which are woven from specialized hyphae. Aspergillus nidulans cleistothecia are uniquely characterized by their dark red coloration and an envelope of thick-walled globose cells (hulle cells). By use of a new chromogenic substrate, we have shown that the constitutent hyphae of young cleistothecia and the hulle cells which surround the cleistothecia of A. nidulans exhibit a strong phenoloxidase activity which has the substrate specificity of a laccase. This enzyme (laccase II) is distinct from the previously described phenoloxidase (laccase I) that participates in the synthesis of the conidial pigment of A. nidulans: the two enzymes differ electrophoretically, do not cross-react immunologically, appear at different times during colonial development, and are under different genetic control. Examination of seven additional species of Aspergillus showed that the hulle cells of three acleistothecial species were also laccase positive, whereas the pale or unpigmented cleistothecia of four species (which lack hulle cells) were laccase negative. The relevance of these findings to the role of hulle cells in cleistothecial development is discussed. The presence of histologically detectable laccase in cleistothecial primordia provides a valuable tool, previously unavailable, for quantitating the early stages of sexual development in A. nidulans.