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1.
Seung-Soo Kim Jung-Rok Kim Jin-Kyoo Moon Bong-Hwan Choi Tae-Hun Kim Kwan-Suk Kim Jong-Joo Kim Cheol-Koo Lee 《Molecules and cells》2009,28(6):565-573
The pig could be a useful model to characterize molecular aspects determining several delicate phenotypes because they have
been bred for those characteristics. The Korean native pig (KNP) is a regional breed in Korea that was characterized by relatively
high intramuscular fat content and reddish meat color compared to other western breeds such as Yorkshire (YS). YS grew faster
and contained more lean muscle than KNP. We compared the KNP to Yorksire to find molecular clues determining muscle characteristics.
The comparison of skeletal gene expression profiles between these two breeds showed molecular differences in muscle. We found
82 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) defined by fold change (more than 1.5 fold difference) and statistical significance
(within 5% of false discovery rate). Functional analyses of these DEGs indicated up-regulation of most genes involved in cell
cycle arrest, down-regulation of most genes involved in cellular differentiation and its inhibition, down-regulation of most
genes encoding component of muscular-structural system, and up-regulation of most genes involved in diverse metabolism in
KNP. Especially, DEGs in above-mentioned categories included a large number of genes encoding proteins directly or indirectly
involved in p53 pathway. Our results indicated a possible role of p53 to determine muscle characteristics between these two
breeds. 相似文献
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S. Bongiorni C. E. M. Gruber S. Bueno G. Chillemi F. Ferrè S. Failla B. Moioli A. Valentini 《Animal genetics》2016,47(3):273-287
Our objectives for this study were to understand the biological basis of meat tenderness and to provide an overview of the gene expression profiles related to meat quality as a tool for selection. Through deep mRNA sequencing, we analyzed gene expression in muscle tissues of two Italian cattle breeds: Maremmana and Chianina. We uncovered several differentially expressed genes that encode for proteins belonging to a family of tripartite motif proteins, which are involved in growth, cell differentiation and apoptosis, such as TRIM45, or play an essential role in regulating skeletal muscle differentiation and the regeneration of adult skeletal muscle, such as TRIM32. Other differentially expressed genes (SCN2B, SLC9A7 and KCNK3) emphasize the involvement of potassium–sodium pumps in tender meat. By mapping splice junctions in RNA‐Seq reads, we found significant differences in gene isoform expression levels. The PRKAG3 gene, which is involved in the regulation of energy metabolism, showed four isoforms that were differentially expressed. This distinct pattern of PRKAG3 gene expression could indicate impaired glycogen storage in skeletal muscle, and consequently, this gene very likely has a role in the tenderization process. Furthermore, with this deep RNA‐sequencing, we captured a high number of expressed SNPs, for example, we found 1462 homozygous SNPs showing the alternative allele with a 100% frequency when comparing tender and tough meat. SNPs were then classified into categories by their position and also by their effect on gene coding (174 non‐synonymous polymorphisms) based on the available UMD_3.1 annotations. 相似文献
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One hundred twenty animals of three native Italian cattle breeds, Piedmontese, Maremmana, and Podolica, were genetically characterized at 21 microsatellite loci located on 13 chromosomes. Allele numbers ranged from 3 to 19; average gene diversity ranged from 0.206 to 0.878 (average 0.738). The breed that preserved the highest genetic variability was the Podolica, where the chosen markers show the highest gene diversity (0.741) and the highest heterozygosity (0.155). The lowest inbreeding rate (0.102) was registered by the Piedmontese. Genetic distances were 0.069 (Piedmontese versus Maremmana), 0.050 (Piedmontese versus Podolica), and 0.041 (Maremmana versus Podolica) and reflect the different phylogenetic origins of the breeds: Maremmana and Podolica originated from the Grey Steppe cattle group, while Piedmontese belongs to the Northern Italy Lowland cattle group. Observed heterozygosity was not significantly different from expected in any of the breeds, which is an indication that they maintain a random mating structure. The probabilistic assignment of all sampled individuals to three theoretical populations, on the basis of allele frequencies, indicated that 82% of Piedmontese, 66% of Maremmana, and 33% of Podolica can be assigned to the appropriate breed with a probability higher than 90%. This result very well reflects the impact of the selection activity on the breed genetic structure. The chosen microsatellites proved to be a good tool for describing the correct reality of the analyzed populations, but they are not sufficient to discriminate between breeds. 相似文献
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Amandine Marty Yves Amigues Bertrand Servin Gilles Renand Hubert Levéziel Dominique Rocha 《Molecular biotechnology》2010,44(3):190-197
Correlation between expression level of the bovine DNAJA1 gene and meat tenderness was recently found in Charolais longissimus thoracis muscle samples, suggesting that this gene could play an important role in meat tenderness. Here, we report the validation
of polymorphisms within the bovine DNAJA1 gene, and the haplotype variability and extent of linkage disequilibrium in the three main French beef breeds (Blonde d’Aquitaine,
Charolais, Limousin). Genotyping 18 putative SNPs revealed that 16 SNPs were polymorphic within the breeds tested. Two SNPs
were removed from further analyses as one SNP had a low genotyping call rate, while the other SNP was not in Hardy–Weinberg
equilibrium. The degree of heterozygosity observed for the remaining 14 SNPs varied between breeds, with Charolais being the
breed with the highest genetic variation and Blonde d’Aquitaine the lowest. Linkage disequilibrium and haplotype structure
of DNAJA1 were different between breeds. Eighteen different haplotypes, including three shared by all breeds, were discovered, and
two to three tag SNPs (depending on the breed) are sufficient to capture all the genetic variability seen in these haplotypes.
The results of this study will facilitate the design of optimal future association studies evaluating the role of the DNAJA1 gene in meat tenderness. 相似文献
8.
John P Bannantine Darrell O Bayles W Ray Waters Mitchell V Palmer Judith R Stabel Michael L Paustian 《Proteome science》2008,6(1):5
Background
Our laboratories have previously reported on the experimental infection of cattle with Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (M. paratuberculosis) using an intratonsillar infection model. In addition, we have recently developed a partial protein array representing 92 M. paratuberculosis coding sequences. These combined tools have enabled a unique look at the temporal analysis of M. paratuberculosis antigens within the native host. The primary objective of this study was to identify M. paratuberculosis antigens detected by cattle early during infection. A secondary objective was to evaluate the humoral immune response in cattle during the initial year of infection. 相似文献9.
Roberta Davoli Greta Gandolfi Silvia Braglia Marco Comella Paolo Zambonelli Luca Buttazzoni Vincenzo Russo 《Molecular biology reports》2011,38(3):1575-1583
PLIN2 (perilipin 2) is a cytosolic protein that promotes the formation and stabilization of the intracellular lipid droplets,
organelles involved in the storage of lipid depots. Porcine PLIN2 gene represents a biological and positional candidate for fat deposition, a polygenic trait that affects carcass and meat
quality. The aim of the present study was to screen PLIN2 gene for polymorphisms, to evaluate the association with carcass quality traits, and to investigate the gene expression in
skeletal muscle. Six new single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were detected by sequencing 32 samples from five pig breeds
(Italian Large White, Italian Duroc, Italian Landrace, Belgian Landrace, Pietrain). Two SNP localized in introns, two in the
3′-untranslated region (UTR), and two missense SNP were found in exons. A 3′-UTR mutation (GU461317:g.98G>A), genotyped in
290 Italian Duroc pigs by High Resolution Melting, resulted significantly associated (P < 0.01) with average daily gain, feed conversion ratio, lean cuts and hams weight estimated breeding values. PLIN2 gene expression analysis in skeletal muscle of Italian Large White and Italian Duroc pigs divergent for backfat thickness
and visible intermuscular fat showed a trend of higher expression level in pigs with higher intermuscular fat. These results
suggest that PLIN2 can be a marker for carcass quality in pigs. Further investigation at both gene and protein level could elucidate its role
on fat deposition. 相似文献
10.
Luca Fontanesi Michela Colombo Lucia Tognazzi Emilio Scotti Luca Buttazzoni Stefania Dall’Olio Roberta Davoli Vincenzo Russo 《Molecular biology reports》2011,38(2):1425-1431
TBC1D1 [TBC1 (tre-2/USP6, BUB2, cdc16) domain family, member 1] is a Rab-GTPase-activating related protein implicated in regulating
the trafficking of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4 or SLC2A4) storage vesicles to the cell surface in response to insulin and
AMPK-activating stimuli in skeletal muscle. Mutations in the human and mouse TBC1D1 genes confer risk of obesity or leanness. We identified five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the porcine TBC1D1 gene. One of them (FN677935:g.219G>A) was genotyped either by high resolution melting and PCR-RFLP analyses to study allele
frequencies in a few pig breeds and evaluate association with meat production and carcass traits in five groups of sib-tested
pigs of Italian Large White and Italian Duroc breeds. The g.219G>A SNP was associated (P < 0.05) with ham weight, back fat thickness and lean cuts content in Italian Large White and with visible intermuscular fat
in Italian Duroc pigs. 相似文献
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D'Alessandro A Marrocco C Rinalducci S Mirasole C Failla S Zolla L 《Journal of Proteomics》2012,75(14):4381-4398
In the present study we performed an integrated proteomics, interactomics and metabolomics analysis of Longissimus dorsi tender and tough meat samples from Chianina beef cattle. Results were statistically handled as to obtain Pearson's correlation coefficients of the results from Omics investigation in relation to canonical tenderness-related parameters, including Warner Bratzler shear force, myofibrillar degradation (at 48 h and 10 days after slaughter), sarcomere length and total collagen content. As a result, we could observe that the tender meat group was characterized by higher levels of glycolytic enzymes, which were over-phosphorylated and produced accumulation of glycolytic intermediates. Oxidative stress promoted meat tenderness and elicited heat shock protein responses, which in turn triggered apoptosis-like cascades along with PARP fragmentation. Phosphorylation was found to be a key process in post mortem muscle conversion to meat, as it was shown not only to modulate glycolytic enzyme activities, but also mediate the stability of structural proteins at the Z-disk. On the other hand, phosphorylation of HSPs has been supposed to alter their functions through changing their affinity for target interactors. Analogies and breed-specific differences are highlighted throughout the text via a direct comparison of the present results against the ones obtained in a parallel study on Maremmana Longissimus dorsi. It emerges that, while the main cornerstones and the final outcome are maintained, post mortem metabolism in tender and tough meat yielding individuals is subtly modulated via specific higher levels of enzymes and amino acidic residue phosphorylation in a breed-specific fashion, and whether calcium homeostasis dysregulation was a key factor in Maremmana, higher early post mortem phosphocreatine levels in the Chianina tender group could favor a slower and prolonged glycolytic rate, prolonging the extent of the minimum hanging period necessary to obtain tender meat from this breed by a few days. 相似文献
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The use of lignocellulose as a source of sugars for bioproducts requires the development of biocatalysts that maximize product
yields by fermenting mixtures of hexose and pentose sugars to completion. In this study, we implicate mgsA encoding methylglyoxal synthase (and methylglyoxal) in the modulation of sugar metabolism. Deletion of this gene (strain
LY168) resulted in the co-metabolism of glucose and xylose, and accelerated the metabolism of a 5-sugar mixture (mannose,
glucose, arabinose, xylose and galactose) to ethanol. 相似文献
15.
Jing Lan Ming-Gang Lei Yi-Bing Zhang Jian-Hua Wang Xiao-Ting Feng De-Quan Xu Jian-Fang Gui Yuan-Zhu Xiong 《Molecular biology reports》2009,36(7):2003-2010
To investigate the differential expression of genes in the skeletal muscle between Yorkshire and Chinese indigenous breed
Meishan pigs, suppression subtractive hybridization was carried out and many genes were proved to be expressed significantly
different in the two breeds. One gene highly expressed in Meishan but lowly expressed in Yorkshire specific library, shared
strong homology with human pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4). Using semi-quantity and quantity PCR, We confirmed its differential expression between the two breeds. Temporal and spatial
expression analysis indicated that porcine PDK4 gene is highly expressed in skeletal muscle and the highest in neonatal pigs. Complete cDNA cloning and sequence analysis
revealed that porcine PDK4 gene contains an open reading frame of 1,221 bp. The deduced amino acid sequence showed conservation in evolution. A G/A
mutation in intron 9 was identified and association analysis showed that it was significantly associated with intramuscular
fat, muscle water content. 相似文献
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Calpain-3 is a skeletal muscle-specific protease and participates in the regulation of myogenesis. In this study, we quantified
the expression of calpain-3 (CAPN3) mRNA in a Chinese local chicken breed (Sichuan Mountainous Black-boned chicken [MB]), to discern the tissue and ontogenic
expression pattern. Meanwhile, we compared the CAPN3 mRNA expression pattern in MB chicken at 10 weeks with a commercial meat type chicken line (S01) of the same age to identify
the unique expression pattern under different genetic background. A real time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) assay was developed
for an accurate measurement of its expression in various tissues from chickens at different ages (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks).
Expression of the CAPN3 mRNA was detected in the selected tissues, regardless of age. The breast muscle and leg muscle tissues had a significantly
higher expression than the other tissues from the same individual (P < 0.01). Overall, the CAPN3 mRNA level exhibited a “rise-decline” developmental change in detected tissues except for brain. The S01 chicken had a higher
expression of the CAPN3 mRNA in detected tissues than the MB chicken at 10 weeks. The present expression data of chicken CAPN3 gene may provide some information to shed light on the tissue and ontogenic expression pattern during chicken development. 相似文献
18.
Elizabeth M. St. Clair 《International journal of primatology》2007,28(5):1109-1122
Pelvic sexual dimorphism occurs in many anthropoid species and is often attributed to obstetric selection on female pelvic
morphology. Few studies of pelvic dimorphism have included strepsirrhine taxa, which typically have relatively smaller infants
than those of anthropoids. Because smaller female primates give birth to relatively larger infants, it is possible that the
pelves of Microcebus, the smallest extant primate genus, will show some evidence of selection on obstetric adequacy. A comparison of adult female
and neonatal body masses indicates that individual neonatal Microcebus are relatively large compared to adult female body mass, even though members of the taxon frequently produce twins. I examined
variation in the bony pelvis within a sample of Microcebus. I measured specimens from a single locality, which probably represent 1 population. I measured 8 pelvic and 3 femoral variables
to investigate skeletal size and pelvic size and shape dimorphism. Females significantly exceed males in absolute values of
sacral width, pelvic height, pubic length, and distances from the pubic symphysis to the ischial tuberosity and points on
the sacrum. Measurements of the femur are not significantly greater in females, suggesting that the pelvic differences are
not due to skeletal size dimorphism. Significant pelvic shape or ratio differences, calculated via the geometric mean of 5
variables as the denominator, included greater relative pubic length and sacral width in females. Hence selection for obstetric
adequacy may occur in the extremely small-bodied Microcebus. 相似文献
19.
A. K. Rai R. Chakravorty Jaishree Paul 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2008,24(12):2879-2887
This study was conducted to evaluate the load of three food- and water-borne parasites, namely, Giardia, Entamoeba, and Cryptosporidium on food items that are consumed either raw or in an unprocessed state in the northern parts of India. A two-step diagnostic
method was employed to assess the presence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium, the immunofluorescence assay (IFA) combined with the polymerase chain reactiion (PCR assay), whereas a Tech lab diagnostic
kit in combination with PCR assay was used for accurate detection of Entamoeba histolytica in the samples. The methods for isolation and enrichment of cysts/oocysts from the various food items were tested
and discussed here. Our results showed that the overall spectrum of incidence of the three parasites on food items in decreasing
order were Giardia > Entamoeba > Cryptosporidium. When data were subjected to the chi-square test, the prevalence of all three parasites was found to be independent of the
food items. To determine whether the presence of two types of parasites in a food item is uniform, a Poisson distribution
test was conducted. On comparing the intensity of occurrence of the different parasites in various food items, it was observed
that the occurrence of Giardia and Entamoeba was not of the same order at 5% level of significance only in case of samples of raw meat and milk. This confirmed that a
high number of raw or unpasteurized milk and meat samples are more likely to be contaminated with Giardia than with Entamoeba. Therefore, our observations point to the unhygienic practices of food handlers being a major contributor in the transmission
of parasites to unprocessed food products. 相似文献
20.
M. N. Ruzina T. A. Shtyfurko M. R. Mohammadabadi O. B. Gendzhieva Tsendsuren Tsedev G. E. Sulimova 《Russian Journal of Genetics》2010,46(4):456-463
Polymorphism of the BoLA-DRB3 gene was studied with the use of the PCR-RFLP technique in three cattle breeds (Mongolian, Kalmyk, and Yakut) representing
the Bos taurus turano-mongolicus group. 35 BoLA-DRB3.2 alleles were detected in the Mongolian breed and 34 alleles in the Kalmyk breed. The frequencies of alleles in both populations
are distributed rather evenly: the frequencies of the most widely represented alleles (*18, *20, and *28) in the Mongolian cattle varied from 7.75 to 8.45%. The most frequent alleles in the Kalmyk cattle were *28 (14.52%), *24 (7.26%), and *12 (6.45%). Only five alleles were identified in the Yakut cattle breed. The prevailing allele was *29 (77.3%); a relatively frequent allele was *1 (13.1%), and the remaining three alleles constituted only 9.6%. Such a low level of diversity of BoLA-DRB3 gene alleles was not observed earlier in any other cattle breed. The Mongolian and Kalmyk breeds showed a wide diversity
of BoLA-DRB3 genotypes (56 and 51 genotypes, respectively) and a high level of expected heterozygosity (H
e = 0.953 and 0.946, respectively). Both breeds had a deficiency of heterozygotes (Mongolian cattle: H
o = 0.775, D = −0.187; Kalmyk cattle: H
o = 0.708, D = −0.252). A low level of genotypic diversity for the BoLA-DRB3 locus (only seven genotypes; the frequency for the genotype *29/*29 is 71.4%) and a very low level of observed heterozygosity (H
o = 0.12) were revealed in the Yakut breed. BoLA-DRB3.2 alleles associated with resistance to persistent lymphocytosis caused by the bovine leukemia virus (total frequencies 15.49
and 24.19%) and to various forms of mastitis (total frequencies 12.68 and 20.96%, respectively) were identified in the Mongolian
and Kalmyk animals. In the Yakut breed, alleles associated with resistance to diseases are represented only by the BoLA-DRB3.2 allele *7 (1.2%). Thus, the Mongolian and Kalmyk cattle breeds are characterized by a wide diversity of alleles and genotypes for the
BoLA-DRB3 gene. In contrast, the population of Yakut cattle from the Verkhoyanskii region of the Republic of Sakha has a poor diversity
of alleles and genotypes for the BoLA-DRB3 gene and a very low level of heterozygosity, suggesting an unfavorable state of the population that is probably caused by
inbreeding depression due to a long-term isolation and a small number of animals. 相似文献