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1.
Diabetes results in several metabolic changes, including alterations in the transport, distribution, excretion, and accumulation of metals. While changes have been examined in several rat models of insulin resistance and diabetes, the metal ion concentrations in the tissues of Zucker lean, Zucker obese (an insulin resistance and early stage diabetes model), and Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF, a type 2 diabetes model) have not previously been examined in detail. The concentration of Cu, Zn, Fe, Mg, and Ca were examined in the liver, kidney, heart and spleen, and Cr concentration in the liver and kidney of these rats were examined. Zucker obese rats have a reduction in the concentration of Cu, Zn, Fe, Mg in the liver compared to ZDF and/or lean Zucker rats, presumably as a result of the increased fat content of the liver of the obese rats. ZDF rats have increased concentrations of kidney Cu compared to the lean rats, while kidney Ca concentrations are increased in the Zucker obese rats. Spleen Fe concentrations are decreased in Zucker obese rats compared to the lean rats. No effects on metal concentrations in the heart were observed between the lean, obese, and ZDF rats, and no effects on Cr concentrations were identified. Cr(III) complexes have previously been shown to have beneficial effects on the signs of insulin resistance in Zucker obese and ZDF rats. The effects of daily gavage administration of chromium picolinate ([Cr(pic) 3]) (1 mg?Cr/kg body mass), CrCl 3 (1 mg?Cr/kg body mass), and Cr3 ([Cr 3O(propionate) 6(H 2O) 3] +) (33 μg and 1 mg?Cr/kg body mass) on metal concentrations in these tissues were examined. Treatment with CrCl 3 and Cr3, but not [Cr(pic) 3], at 1 mg?Cr/kg resulted in a statistically significant accumulation of Cr in the kidney of lean and obese but not ZDF rats but resulted in lowering the elevated levels of kidney Cu in ZDF rats, suggesting a beneficial effect on this symptom of type 2 diabetes. 相似文献
2.
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the protective effect of Gymnema montanum on red blood cell (RBC) membrane in diabetic rats during lipid peroxidation. Ethanol extract of G. montanum leaves (GLEt) was administered orally to alloxan-induced diabetic rats for 3 weeks, and the effects on blood glucose, insulin,
lipid peroxidation markers, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, hydroperoxides in plasma and antioxidant enzymes including
superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities in erythrocytes were studied. Administration of GLEt
to diabetic animals at doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg body weight lowered elevated blood glucose levels by 24, 35, and 66%,
respectively, relative to untreated diabetic rats. In comparison, treatment with the known antidiabetic drug, glibenclamide
(600 μg/kg body weight) decreased blood glucose concentrations by 51%. Plasma insulin concentrations were increased in the
diabetic rat by 73% with GLEt (200 mg/kg body weight) and 45% with glibenclamide (600 μg/kg body weight). Although a significant
decrease in the lipid peroxidation markers was observed in plasma on treatment with GLEt and glibenclamide, the RBC antioxidant
levels were increased significantly in diabetic rats. Furthermore, erythrocytes from the GLEt-treated animals were found to
be more resistant to H 2O 2-induced peroxidation than that of untreated diabetic animals. The chemical characterization of the polyphenolics of the extract
showed the presence of gallic acid (5.29% w/ w), resveratrol (2.2% w/ w), and quercetin (16.6% w/ w). The results of this study suggest that G. montanum may be useful for the control, management, and prevention of oxidative stress associated with diabetes. 相似文献
3.
A new series of (2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-5-fluoro-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-aryltetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4-diols as dual inhibitors of sodium glucose co-transporter proteins (SGLTs) were disclosed. Two methods were developed to efficiently synthesize C 5-fluoro-lactones 3 and 4, which are key intermediates to the C 5-fluoro-hexose based C-aryl glucosides. Compound 2b demonstrated potent hSGLT1 and hSGLT2 inhibition (IC 50?=?43?nM for SGLT1 and IC 50?=?9?nM for SGLT2). It showed robust inhibition of blood glucose excursion in oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats and exerted pronounced antihyperglycemic effects in db/db mice and high-fat diet-fed ZDF rats when dosed orally at 10?mg/kg. 相似文献
4.
ABSTRACTWe investigated the hepatoprotective potential of Ferula communis extract for CCI 4 induced liver damage. We used six groups of rats: group 1, untreated control; group 2, CCl 4 treated (hepatotoxic); group 3, treated with 150 mg/kg F. communis; group 4, treated with 300 mg/kg F. communis; group 5, treated with CCl 4 + 150 mg/kg F. communis; and group 6, treated with CCl 4 + 300 mg/kg F. communis. Liver damage was produced by injection of 1 ml/kg CCI 4 twice/week. Extracts of F. communis, 150 and 300 mg/kg/day, were administered for 8 weeks. The effects of F. communis were assessed by measuring aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and total bilirubin (T-BIL) levels, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in the liver. The histology and immunohistochemistry of liver tissue were evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin staining, and caspase 3 and 8-OHdG immunostaining. F. communis extract produced significant reductions in elevated levels of ALT, AST, GGT and T-BIL and increased levels of GPx and SOD in rats treated with CCl 4. F. communis extract decreased CCl 4 induced 8-OHdG formation and caspase 3 activation significantly in hepatocytes, especially at the 150 mg/kg dose. Our findings demonstrate the potential efficacy of F. communis for attenuating CCl 4 induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative damage. 相似文献
5.
The ability of Cichorium intybus root extract (chicory extract) to protect against carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4)-induced oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity was evaluated in male rats. The rats were divided into four groups according to treatment: saline (control); chicory extract (100 mg/kg body weight daily, given orally for 2 weeks); CCl 4 (1 ml/kg body weight by intraperitoneal injection for 2 consecutive days only); or chicory extract (100 mg/kg body weight daily for 2 weeks) + CCl 4 injection on days 16 and 17. The levels of hepatic lipid peroxidation, antioxidants, and molecular biomarkers were estimated twenty-four hours after the last CCl 4 injection. Pretreatment with chicory extract significantly reduced CCl 4-induced elevation of malondialdehyde levels and nearly normalized levels of glutathione and activity of glutathione S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase, catalase (CAT), paraoxonase-1 (PON1), and arylesterase in the liver. Chicory extract also attenuated CCl 4-induced downregulation of hepatic mRNA expression levels of GPx1, CAT and PON1 genes. Results of DNA fragmentation support the ability of chicory extract to ameliorate CCl 4-induced liver toxicity. Taken together, our results demonstrate that chicory extract is rich in natural antioxidants and able to attenuate CCl 4-induced hepatocellular injury, likely by scavenging reactive free radicals, boosting the endogenous antioxidant defense system, and overexpressing genes encoding antioxidant enzymes. 相似文献
6.
Environmental pollution is one of the risk factors for respiratory diseases. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is the major mechanisms contributing to cellular defense against oxidative damage. Gallic acid (GA) is regarded as potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agents. The aim was to evaluate the role of Nrf2 pathway in particulate matter (PM 10) exposure on lung and epithelial cells with an emphasis on the role of GA. In in vivo part, the rats were divided as control, GA (30?mg/kg), particulate matter (PM) (0.5, 2.5, and 5?mg/kg), and PM?+?GA. In in vitro study, the cells were divided as control, PM 10 (100, 250, and 500?µg/ml), GA (50 µmol/L) and PM 10+GA. Inflammation, oxidative stress and Nrf2-pathway factors were assessed. PM 10 groups showed a considerable increase in the epithelial permeability and inflammatory parameters. We also found a significant decrease in the expression of Nrf2 and its up-stream regulators genes. Accordingly, the biosynthesis of glutathione (GSH) and other antioxidant activities significantly decreased. Gallic acid was identified to restore the antioxidant status to the normal levels. Our findings approved that Nrf2 is involved in PM 10-induced oxidative damages and showed that Nrf2 activation by natural agents could ameliorate respiratory injuries induced by PM 10. 相似文献
7.
ABSTRACTExposure to high doses of acetaminophen is the most common cause of drug induced liver injury. We investigated the protective effects of Hedera helix extract against acetaminophen induced oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity using a mouse model. We used two control groups: group A was given 0.9% NaCl, group B was an acetaminophen control that was given a single injection of 600 mg/kg acetaminophen. T1?T4 groups were pretreated orally with different doses of H. helix extract. The mice were sacrificed and blood samples were collected to estimate the levels of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total bilirubin. Liver samples also were used for histopathological studies. We found that acetaminophen significantly increased the levels of serum ALP, ALT, AST and MDA, and also significantly reduced the antioxidant factors, CAT, GPX and SOD. H. helix extract treatment produced a significant reduction in the levels of ALP, ALT, AST and MDA in serum and restored the levels of CAT, GPX and SOD to control levels. The histopathological findings were consistent with the biochemical findings. H. helix extract exhibited antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects against acetaminophen induced liver damage. 相似文献
8.
Peripheral neuropathy is the most prevalent chronic complication of diabetes mellitus. Good glycemic control can delay the appearance of neuropathic symptoms in diabetic patients but it is not sufficient to prevent or cure the disease. Therefore therapeutic approaches should focus on attenuation of pathogenetic mechanisms responsible for the nerve injury. Considering the role of polyol pathway in the etiology of diabetic neuropathy, we evaluated the effect of a novel efficient and selective aldose reductase inhibitor, 3-mercapto-5H-1,2,4-triazino[5,6-b]indole-5-acetic acid (cemtirestat), on symptoms of diabetic peripheral neuropathy in Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) rats. Since the age of 5 months, male ZDF rats were orally administered cemtirestat, 2.5 and 7.5 mg/kg/day, for two following months. Thermal hypoalgesia was evaluated by tail flick and hot plate tests. Tactile allodynia was determined by a von Frey flexible filament test. Two-month treatment of ZDF rats with cemtirestat (i) did not affect physical and glycemic status of the animals; (ii) partially inhibited sorbitol accumulation in red blood cells and the sciatic nerve; (iii) markedly decreased plasma levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; (iv) normalized symptoms of peripheral neuropathy with high significance. The presented findings indicate that inhibition of aldose reductase by cemtirestat is not solely responsible for the recorded improvement of the behavioral responses. In future studies, potential effects of cemtirestat on consequences of diabetes that are not exclusively dependent on glucose metabolism via polyol pathway should be taken into consideration. 相似文献
9.
The present study shows the chemical profile and the in vitro properties (antioxidant and inhibition of nitric oxide production) of the Origanum heracleoticum L. (Lamiaceae). The ethanolic extract of the aerial parts is characterized by terpenes and fatty acids. The extract, with high total phenol and flavonoid content, showed a significant radical-scavenging activity (IC 50 value of 12.8 μg/mL) using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) test and an interesting antioxidant activity with the β-carotene bleaching test (IC 50 values of 12.9 and 14.1 μg/mL at 30 and 60?min of incubation, respectively). The test for the inhibition of NO production, performed using the murine monocytic macrophage RAW 264.7 cell line, showed that the extract had significant activity with an IC 50 value of 108.5 μg/mL. The cytotoxic effect of O. heracleoticum extract in presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (1 μg/mL) was evaluated but found to be negligible. 相似文献
10.
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a common cause of hospitalisation and high mortality due to lethal arrhythmias. Sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ ATPase (SERCA 2) and ryanodine receptor (RyR 2) regulate the cytosolic Ca 2+ ion concentration. Rosmarinic acid (RA) is one of the most common caffeic esters in Rosmarinus officinalis. The present study was conducted to test the hypothesis whether RA can protect cardiac function against AMI and arrhythmias induced by isoproterenol through the regulatory effect of SERCA 2 and RyR 2 gene expression. To this aim, male Sprague–Dawley rats were allocated into in vivo and ex vivo studies and received RA (10, 15, and 30?mg/kg; 14 days). AMI was induced by two consecutive subcutaneous injections of 100?mg/kg isoproterenol. Blood pressure (BP), heart rate, electrocardiography (ECG) parameters, plasma levels of cardiac biomarkers, and antioxidative enzymes were evaluated ( in vivo study). Cardiac functions were measured in isolated hearts using Langendorff set up. Gene expressions of SERCA 2 and RyR 2 were measured in left ventricular heart. Isoproterenol administration showed a significant decline in BP, QRS voltage, activities of antioxidant enzymes, cardiac function, and gene expressions of SERCA 2 and RyR 2. The results also indicated a significant increase in heart rate, ST-elevation, cardiac biomarkers, and antioxidant enzymes. RA at 30?mg/kg dosage showed the best effect on the improvement of the mentioned factors. This study suggests that RA has potent cardioprotective effects against AMI and arrhythmia, which may be due to its ability to enhance expression of plasma antioxidant enzymes and genes involved in Ca 2+ homeostasis SERCA 2 and RyR 2. The protective role of RA is also possibly related to its antiadrenergic effects. 相似文献
11.
Objective: To examine the effect of galangin on hyperglycemia-mediated oxidative stress in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Methods: Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal administration of low-dose STZ (40?mg/kg body weight (BW)) into male albino Wistar rats. Galangin (8?mg/kg BW) or glibenclamide (600?µg/kg BW) was given orally, once daily for 45 days to normal and STZ-induced diabetic rats. Results: Diabetic rats showed significantly increased levels of plasma glucose, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, lipid hydroperoxides, and conjugated dienes. The levels of insulin and non-enzymatic antioxidants (vitamin C, vitamin E, reduced glutathione) and the activity of enzymatic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione-S-transferase (GST)) were decreased significantly in diabetic control rats. These altered plasma glucose, insulin, lipid peroxidation products, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants ions were reverted to near-normal level after the administration of galangin and glibenclamide. Conclusion: The present study shows that galangin decreased oxidative stress and increased antioxidant status in diabetic rats, which may be due to its antidiabetic and antioxidant potential. 相似文献
12.
The aim of this work was to investigate the enzyme inhibition, antioxidant activity, and phenolic compounds of Lecokia cretica (Lam .) DC. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and α‐glycosidase enzymes were strongly inhibited by the L. cretica extracts. IC 50 values for the three enzymes were found as 3.21 mg/mL, 2.1 mg/mL, and 2.07 mg/mL, respectively. Antioxidant activities were examined in both aqueous and ethanol (EtOH) extracts using CUPRAC, FRAP, and DPPH method. Also, the phenolic compounds of the endemic plant were identified and quantified by using HPLC/MS/MS. According to the results, the extracts have remarkable antioxidant activities. The most abundant phenolic acids of L. cretica in EtOH extract were determined as quinic acid (12.76 mg/kg of crude extract), chlorogenic acid (3.39 mg/kg), and malic acid (2.38 mg/kg). 相似文献
13.
This present research investigated the anti-obesity and hepatoprotective effects of ethanolic Moringa peregrina leaf (MPLE) and bark extracts (MPBE), in the rats fed with a high-fat diet (HFD). Healthy male rats (n = 48) were randomly distributed to six groups (n = 8): control AIN-93 diet; HFD; HFD + MPBE bark extracts ((300 mg/kg); HFD + MPBE (600 mg/kg); HFD + MPLE (300 mg/kg); HFD + MPLE (600 mg/kg). HFD-fed rats in the Moringa peregrina (MP) treatment groups received orally administered MP leaf or bark extract daily for eight weeks. The results revealed that both doses of MP leaf extract significantly reduced HFD-induced increases in their food intake and the gained body weight, fat pad weights (visceral, subcutaneous, and epididymal), glucose and insulin plasma levels, and leptin and resistin serum levels in HFD-fed rats. Concomitantly, MP leaf extract improved glucose levels after oral or intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests, reduced serum cholesterol, triglycerides, and the low-density lipoprotein LDL concentration, reduced hepatic triglycerides and cholesterol levels, and increased serum high-density lipoproteins HDL levels and triglycerides and cholesterol levels in fecal. Moreover, the administration of MPLE to HFD-fed rats improved liver architecture, reduced fat accumulation, reduced hepatic malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6 levels. Hepatic glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activities were significantly increased. All observed effects were more pronounced in HFD-fed rats treated with a 600 mg/kg MP dose. However, neither dose of MPBE altered the measured markers in the HFD-fed rats. In conclusion, MPLE showed potential anti-obesity and hepatoprotective activity in HFD-induced obese rats, mediated by reduced lipid absorption, anti-hyperlipidemic effects, and hepatic antioxidant effects. 相似文献
14.
The present study was aimed at determining total phenolic and flavonoid contents and studying the antioxidant activity of ginger ( Zingiber officinale Rosc.) rhizome and callus, 6-gingerol and 6-shogaol and callus treated with elicitors. Petroleum ether (PE) and chloroform: methanol (1:1, v/v) (CM) extracts were prepared by maceration. Highest total phenolic content was obtained from the CM extract (60.34?±?0.43?mg gallic acid/g) of rhizome while callus showed lower content detected in the CM extract (33.6?±?0.07?mg gallic acid/g). Flavonoids were only detected in rhizome (CM extract 40.25?±?0.21?mg quercetin/g). Both rhizome extracts exhibited good antioxidant activity with higher activity recorded in PE extract (IC 50 value 8.29?±?1.73?μg/mL). Callus extracts revealed lower antioxidant activity (IC 50 value 1265.49?±?59.9?μg/mL obtained from CM extract). 6-gingerol and 6-shogaol displayed high antioxidant activity in both assays with IC 50 4.85?+?0.58 DPPH and 5.35?±?0.33 ABTS μg/mL for the former and IC 50 7.61?±?0.81 DPPH and IC 50 7.05?±?0.23 ABTS μg/mL for the latter. Treatment of callus with elicitors showed significant (p?<?0.05) effects in enhancing phenolic content and related antioxidant activity. The highest significant increase in phenolic content (37% and 34%) and antioxidant activity in DPPH assay (34% and 30%) was observed in callus treated with 100?mg/L yeast extract and 50?mg/L salicylic acid respectively. Therefore, studying the effect of the elicitation of ginger cultured tissues in phenolic accumulation would be of immense importance for pharmacological, cosmetic and agronomic industries. 相似文献
15.
The protective effect of black cumin ( Nigella sativa=NS) on cadmium-induced oxidative stress was studied in rats. The rats were randomly divided into three experimental groups:
A (conrol), B (Cd treated), and C (Cd+NS treated), each containing 10 animals. The Cd-treated and Cd+NS-treated groups were
injected subcutaneously daily with CdCl 2 dissolved in isotonic NaCl in the amount of 2 mL/kg for 30 d, resulting in a dosage of 0.49 mg Cd/kg/d. The control group
was injected with only isotonic NaCl (2 mL/kg/d) throughout the experiment (for 30 d). Three days prior to induction of CdCl 2, the Cd+NS-treated group received a daily intraperitoneal injection of 0.2 mL/kg NS until the end of the study. Cd treatment
increased significantly the malondialdehyde levels in plasma and erythrocyte ( p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively) and also increased significantly the antioxidant levels (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase,
and catalase) ( p<0.05) compared to the control group. Cd+NS treatment decreased significantly the elevated malondialdehyde levels in plasma
and erythrocyte ( p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively) and also reduced significantly the enhanced antioxidant levels ( p<0.05). Cd treatment increased significantly the activity of iron levels ( p<0.05) in the plasma compared to the control group. Cd+NS treatment decreased the activity of iron levels ( p<0.05) in the plasma compared to the Cd-treated group. In the control group with no treatment, histology of erythrocytes was
normal. In the Cd-treated group, there were remarkable membrane destruction and hemolytic changes in erythrocytes. In the
Cd+NS treated group, these changes were less than in the Cd-treated group. Our results show that N. sativa exerts a protective effect against cadmium toxicity. 相似文献
17.
The potential protective role of Tribulus terrestris in acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in Oreochromis mossambicus was investigated. The effect of oral exposure of acetaminophen (500 mg/kg) in O. mossambicus at 24-h duration was evaluated. The plant extract (250 mg/kg) showed a remarkable hepatoprotective activity against acetaminophen-induced
hepatotoxicity. It was judged from the tissue-damaging level and antioxidant levels in liver, gill, muscle and kidney tissues.
Further acetaminophen impact induced a significant rise in the tissue-damaging level, and the antioxidant level was discernible
from the enzyme activity modulations such as glutamate oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamate pyruvic transaminase, alkaline
phosphatase, acid phosphatase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione
peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferase, lipid peroxidase and reduced glutathione. The levels of all
these enzymes have significantly ( p < 0.05) increased in acetaminophen-treated fish tissues. The elevated levels of these enzymes were significantly controlled
by the treatment of T. terrestris extract (250 kg/mg). Histopathological changes of liver, gill and muscle samples were compared with respective controls.
The results of the present study specify the hepatoprotective and antioxidant properties of T. terrestris against acetaminophen-induced toxicity in freshwater fish, O. mossambicus. 相似文献
18.
The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of fermented aloe vera mixed diet on larval growth of Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis (Kolbe) (coleopteran: Cetoniidae) and protective effects of extract of larvae of P. brevitarsis seulensis fed fermented aloe vera mixed diet against Carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4)‐induced hepatotoxicity in Sprague–Dawley rats. To determine whether different diets can affect the larval growth of P. brevitarsis seulensis, six different diets were investigated in the experiment, and the results exhibited that 15% fermented aloe vera with 85% fermented oakwood sawdust was the best diet for larval growth of this insect, followed by 9% fermented aloe vera with 91% fermented oakwood sawdust. Adult male Sprague–Dawley rats ( n= 30) were separated into five groups of six each, as follows: control group; CCl 4 group; CCl 4 plus larval extract group (without fermented aloe vera); CCl 4 plus 9% and 15% larval extract groups (with fermented aloe vera). All extract groups were fed with 30 mg/kg extracts of fermented oakwood sawdust only and fermented oakwood sawdust plus 9% and 15% fermented aloe vera, respectively, once every consecutive day, with administration of CCl 4 (1.5 mL/kg, 20% CCl 4 in olive oil) twice a week for 3 weeks. Administration of CCl 4 increased the serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotranseferase and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance levels in rats and reduced levels of glutathione in the liver. Treatment with extract of larval‐fed fermented aloe vera mixed diet significantly alleviated these changes to nearly normal levels. The histopathological changes induced by CCl 4 were also significantly attenuated by extract of larval‐fed fermented aloe vera mixed diet treatment. The results suggest that the beneficial effect of fermented aloe vera mixed diet on larval growth may be to stimulate the larval life cycle, and 15% larval‐fed fermented aloe vera mixed diet exhibits potent hepatoprotective effects on CCl 4‐induced liver injury in rats, likely due to increased glutathione contents and the inhibition of lipid peroxidation. 相似文献
19.
The role of same amendment on phytoremediating different level contaminated soils is seldom known. Soil pot culture experiment was used to compare the strengthening roles of cysteine (CY), EDTA, salicylic acid (Sa), and Tween 80 (TW) on hyperaccumulator Solanum nigrum L. phytoremediating higher level of single cadmium (Cd) or Benzo(a)pyrene (BAP) and their co-contaminated soils. Results showed that the Cd capacities (ug pot ?1) in shoots of S. nigrum in the combined treatment T 0.1EDTA+0.9CY were the highest for the 5 and 15 mg kg ?1 Cd contaminated soils. When S. nigrum remediating co-contaminated soils with higher levels of Cd and BAP, that is, 5 mg kg ?1 Cd + 1 mg kg ?1 BAP and 15 mg kg ?1 Cd + 2 mg kg ?1 BAP, the treatment T 0.9CY+0.9Sa+0.3TW showed the best enhancing remediation role. This results were different with co-contaminated soil with 0.771 mg kg ?1 Cd + 0.024 mg kg ?1 BAP. These results may tell us that the combine used of CY, SA, and TW were more useful for the contaminated soils with higher level of Cd and/or BAP. In the combined treatments of Sa+TW, CY was better than EDTA. 相似文献
20.
PurposePropolis biological effects are mainly attributed to its polyphenolic constituents such as flavonoids and phenolic acids that were recently described in the chemical composition of an extract of propolis obtained with edible vegetal oil (OEP) by our group. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of OEP on the behavior of rats. Materials and methodsAn in vivo open field (OF), elevated Plus-maze (EPM), and forced swimming (FS) tests were performed to evaluate locomotor activity, anxiolytic- and antidepressant effects of the extract. Besides, oxidative stress levels were measured in rat blood samples after the behavioral assays by evaluation of the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and nitric oxide levels. ResultsOEP increased locomotion in the OF test (50 mg/kg) and central locomotion and open arm entries in the OF and EPM tests (10–50 mg/kg) and decreased the immobility time in the FS test (10–50 mg/kg). Moreover, OEP reduced nitric oxide levels in response to swim stress induced in rats. ConclusionOEP exerted stimulant, anxiolytic and antidepressant effects on the Central Nervous System and antioxidant activity in rats, highlighting propolis as a potential therapeutic compound for behavior impairment of anxiety and depression. 相似文献
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