Hydrogen sulfide attenuates homocysteine-induced osteoblast dysfunction by inhibiting mitochondrial toxicity

Homocysteine (Hcy) is detrimental to bone health in a mouse model of diet-induced hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy). However, little is known about Hcy-mediated osteoblast dysfunction via mitochondrial oxidative damage. Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) has potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects. In this study, we hypothesized that the H₂S mediated recovery of osteoblast dysfunction by maintaining mitochondrial biogenesis in Hcy-treated osteoblast cultures in vitro. MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells were exposed to Hcy treatment in the presence or absence of an H₂S donor (NaHS). Cell viability, osteogenic differentiation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were determined. Mitochondrial DNA copy number, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, and oxygen consumption were also measured. Our results demonstrated that administration of Hcy increases the intracellular Hcy level and decreases intracellular H₂S level and expression of the cystathionine β-synthase/Cystathionine γ-lyase system, thereby inhibiting osteogenic differentiation. Pretreatment with NaHS attenuated Hcy-induced mitochondrial toxicity (production of total ROS and mito-ROS, ratio of mitochondrial fission (DRP-1)/fusion (Mfn-2)) and restored ATP production and mitochondrial DNA copy numbers as well as oxygen consumption in the osteoblast as compared with the control, indicating its protective effects against Hcy-induced mitochondrial toxicity. In addition, NaHS also decreased the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria to the cytosol, which induces cell apoptosis. Finally, flow cytometry confirmed that NaHS can rescue cells from apoptosis induced by Hcy. Our studies strongly suggest that NaHS has beneficial effects on mitochondrial toxicity, and could be developed as a potential therapeutic agent against HHcy-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in cultured osteoblasts in vitro.     

硫化氢对1型糖尿病大鼠肾脏的保护作用

目的：观察硫化氢（H₂S）对1型糖尿病大鼠肾脏的保护作用及其机制。方法：32只雄性SD大鼠随机分为4组：正常对照（NC）组、糖尿病（DM）组、糖尿病治疗（NaHS+DM）组和NaHS对照（NaHS）组（n=8）。DM组和NaHS+DM组大鼠采用链脲佐菌素（STZ）55 mg/kg腹腔注射诱导1型糖尿病模型。造模成功后,NaHS+DM组和NaHS组采用腹腔注射NaHS溶液56 μmol/kg干预治疗。8周后,测定大鼠24 h尿蛋白含量、肾重指数、空腹血糖、尿素氮、肌酐等指标;HE染色观察肾脏组织形态学变化;测定肾脏组织脂质过氧化物丙二醛（MDA）含量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和Caspase-3的活性;Western blot检测肾脏组织Bcl-2和Bax蛋白表达。结果：与NC组相比,NaHS组各项指标均无显著差异,DM组,24 h尿蛋白含量、肾重指数、空腹血糖、尿素氮和肌酐水平均明显升高;HE染色结果显示肾小球基底膜增厚、系膜基质增多;MDA含量、Caspase-3活性和Bax蛋白表达明显增高;SOD活性和Bcl-2蛋白表达显著降低。与DM组相比,NaHS+DM组肾功能损伤明显减轻,肾脏组织形态学变化明显改善,MDA含量、Caspase-3活性和Bax蛋白表达明显下降,SOD活性和Bcl-2蛋白表达显著增高。结论：H₂S对1型糖尿病大鼠肾脏具有保护作用,其机制可能与抑制氧化应激和细胞凋亡有关。     

硫化氢与NADPH氧化酶

硫化氢(H2S)被认为是继NO和CO之后的第三种气体信号分子,是一种新的内皮细胞源性血管舒张因子,在平滑肌松弛、海马长时程增强、脑发育和炎症等方面发挥着重要的生理病理作用。H2S具有很强的抗氧化作用,被认为是其发挥生理病理作用的重要机制之一。NADPH氧化酶是生物体内产生活性氧类(reactive oxygen species,ROS)的主要酶,在动脉粥样硬化、肾间质纤维化等的发生和发展起着关键作用。本文重点综述生理浓度下H2S对NADPH氧化酶的抑制作用及其机制,并简述其重要的生理病理意义。     

Hydrogen sulfide inhibits myocardial injury induced by homocysteine in rats

Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is a critical independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. However, to date, no satisfactory strategies to prevent HHcy exist. Since homocysteine (Hcy) and endogenous H₂S are both metabolites of sulfur-containing amino acids, we aimed to investigate whether a metabolic product of Hcy and H₂S, may antagonize in part the cardiovascular effects of Hcy. In the HHcy rat model injected subcutaneously with Hcy for 3 weeks, H₂S levels and the H₂S-generating enzyme cystathionine γ lyase (CSE) activity in the myocardium were decreased. The intraperitoneal injection of H₂S gas saturation solution significantly reduced plasma total Hcy (tHcy) concentration and decreased lipid peroxidation formation (i.e., lowered manodialdehyde and conjugated diene levels in myocardia and plasma). The activities of myocardial mitochondrial respiratory enzymes succinate dehydrogenase, cytochrome oxidase, and manganese superoxide dismutase, related to reactive oxygen species metabolism, were significantly dysfunctional in HHcy rats. The H₂S administration restored the level of enzyme activities and accelerated the scavenging of H₂O₂ and superoxide anion generated by Hcy in isolated mitochondria. The H₂S treatment also inhibited the expression of glucose-regulated protein 78, a marker of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, induced by Hcy in vivo and in vitro. Thus, HHcy impaired the myocardial CSE/H₂S pathway, and the administration of H₂S protected the myocardium from oxidative and ER stress induced by HHcy, which suggests that an endogenous metabolic balance of sulfur-containing amino acids may be a novel strategy for treatment of HHcy.     

Hydrogen sulfide,a signaling molecule in plant stress responses

Gaseous molecules, such as hydrogen sulfide(H_2S)and nitric oxide(NO), are crucial players in cellular and(patho)physiological processes in biological systems. The biological functions of these gaseous molecules, which were first discovered and identified as gasotransmitters in animals, have received unprecedented attention from plant scientists in recent decades. Researchers have arrived at the consensus that H_2S is synthesized endogenously and serves as a signaling molecule throughout the plant life cycle.However, the mechanisms of H_2S action in redox biology is still largely unexplored. This review highlights what we currently know about the characteristics and biosynthesis of H_2S in plants. Additionally,we summarize the role of H_2S in plant resistance to abiotic stress. Moreover, we propose and discuss possible redox-dependent mechanisms by which H_2S regulates plant physiology.     

Hydrogen sulfide alleviates uranium‐induced rat hepatocyte cytotoxicity via inhibiting Nox4/ROS/p38 MAPK pathway

As a gasotransmitter, hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) plays a crucial role in regulating the signaling pathway mediated by oxidative stress. The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effects of H ₂S on uranium‐induced rat hepatocyte cytotoxicity. Primary hepatocytes were isolated and cultured from Sprague Dawley rat liver tissues. After pretreating with sodium hydrosulfide (an H ₂S donor) for 1 hour (or GKT‐136901 for 30 minutes), hepatocytes were treated by uranyl acetate for 24 hours. Cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4), and p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) phosphorylation were respectively determined. The effects of direct inhibition of Nox4 expression by GKT‐136901 (a Nox4 inhibitor) on ROS and phospho‐p38 MAPK levels were examined in uranium‐treated hepatocytes. The results implicate that H ₂S can afford protection of rat hepatocytes against uranium‐induced adverse effects through attenuating oxidative stress via prohibiting Nox4/ROS/p38 MAPK signaling.     

Hydrogen sulfide regulates abiotic stress tolerance and biotic stress resistance in Arabidopsis

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an important gaseous molecule in various plant developmental processes and plant stress responses. In this study, the transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants with modulated exp...     

Hydrogen sulfide attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation by inhibition of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in microglia

The present study attempts to investigate the effect of H(2)S on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in both primary cultured microglia and immortalized murine BV-2 microglial cells. We found that exogenous application of sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) (a H(2)S donor, 10-300 micro mol/L) attenuated LPS-stimulated nitric oxide (NO) in a concentration-dependent manner. Stimulating endogenous H(2)S production decreased LPS-stimulated NO production, whereas lowering endogenous H(2)S level increased basal NO production. Western blot analysis showed that both exogenous and endogenous H(2)S significantly attenuated the stimulatory effect of LPS on inducible nitric oxide synthase expression, which is mimicked by SB 203580, a specific p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor. Exogenously applied NaHS significantly attenuated LPS-induced p38 MAPK phosphorylation in BV-2 microglial cells. Moreover, both NaHS (300 micro mol/L) and SB 203580 (1 micro mol/L) significantly attenuated LPS-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha secretion, another inflammatory indicator. In addition, NaHS (10-300 micro mol/L) dose-dependently decreased LPS-stimulated NO production in primary cultured astrocytes, suggesting that the anti-neuroinflammatory effect of H(2)S is not specific to microglial cells alone. Taken together, H(2)S produced an anti-inflammatory effect in LPS-stimulated microglia and astrocytes, which may be due to inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase and p38 MAPK signaling pathways. These findings may have important implications in the treatment of neuroinflammation-related diseases.     

Hydrogen sulfide concentrations in indoor air of thermal springs

This study aimed to assess hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) concentrations in the pool indoor air of hot springs and its link to some physicochemical properties of the springs in Ardabil province. Twenty-two hot springs from different regions were selected and monitored for H₂S concentrations using a portable gas meter. Respective mean concentrations of H₂S in hot springs indoor air were 9.11 ± 11. Ghotour Souei hot springs had the highest concentration of H₂S with a mean concentration of 29.4 ± 7.7 and 25.2 ± 8.16 ppm at the source and general pool areas, respectively. Oxidation-reduction potential and pH of the water were the most important factor influencing H₂S concentrations in the hot springs. H₂S concentrations in indoor air of Ardabil hot springs were noticeably higher than OEL-TWA and OEL-STEL, and therefore may pose important risks for human health on both short-and long-term exposures.     

Hydrogen sulfide is essential for Schwann cell responses to peripheral nerve injury

Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) functions as a physiological gas transmitter in both normal and pathophysiological cellular events. H₂S is produced from substances by three enzymes: cystathionine β‐synthase (CBS), cystathionine γ‐lyase (CSE), and 3‐mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (MST). In human tissues, these enzymes are involved in tissue‐specific biochemical pathways for H₂S production. For example, CBS and cysteine aminotransferase/MST are present in the brain, but CSE is not. Thus, we examined the expression of H₂S production‐related enzymes in peripheral nerves. Here, we found that CSE and MST/cysteine aminotransferase, but not CBS, were present in normal peripheral nerves. In addition, injured sciatic nerves in vivo up‐regulated CSE in Schwann cells during Wallerian degeneration (WD); however, CSE was not up‐regulated in peripheral axons. Using an ex vivo sciatic nerve explant culture, we found that the inhibition of H₂S production broadly prevented the process of nerve degeneration, including myelin fragmentation, axonal degradation, Schwann cell dedifferentiation, and Schwann cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Thus, these results indicate that H₂S signaling is essential for Schwann cell responses to peripheral nerve injury.

     

Hydrogen sulfide attenuates uranium-induced kidney cells pyroptosis via upregulation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling

We have identified that hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), a gaseous mediator, plays a crucial role in antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and cytoprotective effects on uranium (U)-triggered rat nephrotoxicity. Pyroptosis is a special mode of inflammation and programmed cell death involved in the activation of inflammasome and Caspase-1 and the release of inflammatory cytokines. This study aims to confirm whether H₂S can alleviate U-induced rat NRK-52^E cell pyroptosis and to investigate the H₂S underlying regulatory mechanism. Our results indicate that pretreatment with NaHS (an H₂S donor) significantly inhibited U-increased reactive oxygen species level, NLRP3, apoptosis-related speck-like protein consisting of a caspase recruitment domain (ASC), and cleaved Caspase-1 proteins expression, gasdermin D messenger RNA (GSDMD mRNA) expression, interleukin (IL)−1β and IL-18 contents, lactate dehydrogenase leakage, and numbers of double-positive dying kidney cells. NaHS application evidently augmented phosphorylated PI3K, AKT, and mTOR expression as well as ratios of their respective phosphorylation to the corresponding total proteins which were downregulated by U treatment. But, LY294002 (a PI3K inhibitor) administration effectively abrogated the consequences of NaHS on the levels of p-PI3K, cleaved Caspase-1, ASC and NLRP3 proteins, GSDMD mRNA expression, and (IL)-1β and IL-18 contents. Simultaneously, LY294002 significantly reversed the effects of NaHS on U-induced pyroptosis rate and cytotoxicity. Taken together, these results indicate that H₂S ameliorated U-triggered NRK-52^E cells pyroptosis via upregulation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, suggesting a novel role for H₂S in the management of nephrotoxicity caused by U exposure.     

Hydrogen sulfide induces human colon cancer cell proliferation: Role of Akt,ERK and p21

H₂S (hydrogen sulfide), regarded as the third gaseous transmitter, is implicated in ulcerative colitis and colorectal cancers. The present study investigates the effects of H₂S on cell proliferation in human colon cancer HCT 116 cells and SW480 cells. We identified the two key enzymes, CBS and CSE, for H₂S synthesis in HCT 116 cells. An exogenously administered H₂S donor NaHS induced cell proliferation in a concentration‐dependent manner, with optimal proliferative concentration at 200 μmol/l. NaHS administration increased Akt and ERK phosphorylation. Blockade of Akt and ERK activation attenuated NaHS‐induced cell proliferation. Cell‐cycle analysis showed that NaHS treatment for 6 h decreased the proportion of cells in G₀–G₁ phase and increased the proportion of cells in S phase. Protein expressions of Cyclin D1 and PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) were not altered, but the cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor p21^Waf1/Cip1 was inhibited significantly by NaHS treatment. NaHS significantly reduced NO metabolite levels. In conclusion, NaHS induced human colon cancer cell proliferation. This effect might be mediated by the increase of Akt and ERK phosphorylation and the decrease of p21^Waf1/Cip1 expression and NO production. The results suggested a role for H₂S in human colonic cancer development.     

Role of proteomic technologies in understanding risk of arterial thrombosis

Arterial thrombosis is a pivotal event in the development of cardiovascular diseases. Plasma and cellular proteins have the potential to influence thrombus morphology and function. This review summarizes the latest studies to use proteomic technologies to characterize the cellular and plasma components involved in arterial thrombosis, with a view to understanding the pathogenesis and treatment of acute cardiovascular diseases. Proteomic approaches have been extensively used to profile the proteome of endothelial cells, leukocytes, vascular smooth muscle cells, platelets and plasma in the search for risk factors for cardiovascular disease; however, further work is required to validate the direct contribution of these proteins to arterial thrombosis.     

The role of nitric oxide signaling in renoprotective effects of hydrogen sulfide against chronic kidney disease in rats: Involvement of oxidative stress,autophagy and apoptosis

The interplay between H₂S and nitric oxide (NO) is thought to contribute to renal functions. The current study was designed to assess the role of NO in mediating the renoprotective effects of hydrogen sulfide in the 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6 Nx) animal model. Forty rats were randomly assigned to 5 experimental groups: (a) Sham; (b) 5/6 Nx; (c) 5/6Nx+sodium hydrosulfide-a donor of H ₂S, (5/6Nx+sodium hydrosulfide [NaHS]); (d) 5/6Nx+NaHS+ L -NAME (a nonspecific nitric oxide synthase [NOS] inhibitor); (e) 5/6Nx+NaHS+aminoguanidine (a selective inhibitor of inducible NOS [iNOS]). Twelve weeks after 5/6 Nx, we assessed the expressions of iNOS and endothelial NOS (eNOS), oxidative/antioxidant status, renal fibrosis, urine N-acetyl-b-glucosaminidase (NAG) activity as the markers of kidney injury and various markers of apoptosis, inflammation, remodeling, and autophagy. NaHS treatment protected the animals against chronic kidney injury as depicted by improved oxidative/antioxidant status, reduced apoptosis, and autophagy and attenuated messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of genes associated with inflammation, remodeling, and NAG activity. Eight weeks Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester ( L -NAME) administration reduced the protective effects of hydrogen sulfide. In contrast, aminoguanidine augmented the beneficial effects of hydrogen sulfide. Our finding revealed some fascinating interactions between NO and H ₂S in the kidney. Moreover, the study suggests that NO, in an isoform-dependent manner, can exert renoprotective effects in 5/6 Nx model of CKD.     

硫化氢与内毒素血症大鼠心肌损伤的关系

为探讨硫化氢（hydrogen sulfide,H2S）与内毒素血症大鼠心肌损伤的关系,采用静脉注射脂多糖（lipopolysaccharide,LPS）的方法制备内毒素血症大鼠模型,将雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为正常对照组、LPS组、LPS＋炔丙基甘氨酸（propargylglycine,PPG,H2S代谢酶抑制剂）组、LPS＋NaHS（H2S供体）组。观察给药后4h内大鼠平均动脉压（mean arterial pressure,MAP）的变化,测定血浆肿瘤坏死因子-α（tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α）和H2S含量,光学显微镜观察心肌组织形态学变化并测定心肌组织中TNF-α、H2S含量及乳酸脱氢酶（lactate dehydrogenase,LDH）和髓过氧化物酶（myeloperoxidase,MPO）的活性。结果如下：（1）与正常对照组相比,LPS组大鼠血压迅速下降,血浆TNF-α、H2S含量显著增高,且血浆中H2S含量与血压呈显著负相关,LPS注射后1、2、4h时相关系数分别为-0．936、-0．913和-0．908（均P〈0．05）;心肌组织TNF-α、H2S含量及LDH、MPO活性也明显升高,并出现组织损伤;（2）给予PPG能显著抑制血浆TNF-α、H2S含量的增高,并可显著减轻LPS所致的血压下降（均P〈0．05）和心肌组织损伤,降低心肌组织中TNF-α、H2S含量及LDH、MPO活性;（3）给予NaHS后,与LPS组相比,大鼠血浆TNF-α、H2S含量增高,血压明显下降（均P〈0．05）,心肌组织损伤加重,心肌组织中TNF-α、H2S含量及LDH、MPO活性增高。结果提示,内毒素血症大鼠低血压和心肌损伤的部分原因是由于H2S生成增多。     

硫化氢抗大鼠动脉粥样硬化作用研究

目的:探讨硫化氢(H2S)对大鼠动脉粥样硬化(AS)的作用及其机制。方法:体重(210±10)g的健康雄性SD大鼠125只,随机分为:对照组、AS模型组、AS+低剂量NaHS(2.8μmol/(kg.d))组、AS+中剂量NaHS(14μmol/(kg.d))组及AS+高剂量NaHS(28μmol/(kg.d))组。采用高脂饲料加大剂量VitD3注射复制大鼠AS模型。NaHS腹腔注射,连续用药12周。分别在喂养前及喂养后3、6、9、12周各处死动物。用生化分析仪检测血脂,去蛋白法检测血浆硫化氢,HE染色观察血管病理损伤程度及病变评分,免疫组化法检测血管组织中血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的表达。结果:与相同时期的对照组相比,AS模型组在喂养后3、6、9、12周,血清甘油三脂(TG)和胆固醇(TC)均明显升高;主动脉病变评分从第6周到12周明显增加(P0.01),并出现明显的动脉粥样硬化病变,表现为阳性区域的脂质斑块;血清H2S浓度明显降低,从喂养前的(44.98±2.06)μmol/L到第3、6、9、12周分别为(38.56±2.26),(32.96±2.38),(28.63±0.92),(23.55±0.92)μmol/L,并分别低于同时期各对照组的(44.72±0.85),(43.71±0.59),(41.96±0.97),(39.87±1.25)μmol/L(P0.01);血管组织中VEGF的表达明显增强(P0.01)。与模型组比较,低剂量NaHS组,各指标均无明显变化;中剂量NaHS组大鼠血清H2S含量于第6周开始明显高于模型组(36.13±0.73)vs(32.96±2.38)μmol/L,P0.05;于9、12周时,分别为(33.07±1.14)vs(28.63±0.92)μmol/L,(30.16±0.62)vs(23.55±0.92)μmol/L,P0.01;高剂量NaHS组大鼠血中H2S浓度于第3周开始到12周,分别为:(41.25±0.80),(38.71±0.46),(35.31±0.62),(33.38±0.78)μmol/L,均明显高于模型组(P0.01);中、高剂量NaHS组血清TC均从第3周开始到12周明显降低(P0.01),TG分别从第3、第6周开始到12周明显降低(P0.05,P0.01),血管组织病变评分与VEGF的表达均于第6周开始到12周明显降低(P0.05)。相关分析显示血清中硫化氢的浓度与动脉粥样硬化的病变评分及血管VEGF的表达呈明显的负相关(r=-0.917,P0.01,r=-0.885,P0.01),而与血清甘油三脂和胆固醇之间无显著相关性。结论:动脉粥样硬化病变的形成与发展与内源性硫化氢的降低密切相关,补充外源性H2S可提高动脉粥样硬化大鼠血清中硫化氢浓度,减轻血管损伤程度,抑制VEGF的表达。     

Hydrogen sulfide interacts with calcium signaling to enhance the chromium tolerance in Setaria italica

The oscillation of intracellular calcium (Ca²⁺) concentration is a primary event in numerous biological processes in plants, including stress response. Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), an emerging gasotransmitter, was found to have positive effects in plants responding to chromium (Cr⁶⁺) stress through interacting with Ca²⁺ signaling. While Ca²⁺ resemblances H₂S in mediating biotic and abiotic stresses, crosstalk between the two pathways remains unclear. In this study, Ca²⁺ signaling interacted with H₂S to produce a complex physiological response, which enhanced the Cr⁶⁺ tolerance in foxtail millet (Setaria italica). Results indicate that Cr⁶⁺ stress activated endogenous H₂S synthesis as well as Ca²⁺ signaling. Moreover, toxic symptoms caused by Cr⁶⁺ stress were strongly moderated by 50 μM H₂S and 20 mM Ca²⁺. Conversely, treatments with H₂S synthesis inhibitor and Ca²⁺ chelators prior to Cr⁶⁺-exposure aggravated these toxic symptoms. Interestingly, Ca²⁺ upregulated expression of two important factors in metal metabolism, MT3A and PCS, which participated in the biosynthesis of heavy metal chelators, in a H₂S-dependent manner to cope with Cr⁶⁺ stress. These findings also suggest that the H₂S dependent pathway is a component of the Ca²⁺ activating antioxidant system and H₂S partially contributes Ca²⁺-activating antioxidant system.     

Cerebroprotective effects of hydrogen sulfide in homocysteine-induced neurovascular permeability: Involvement of oxidative stress,arginase, and matrix metalloproteinase-9

An elevated level of homocysteine (Hcy) leads to hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), which results in vascular dysfunction and pathological conditions identical to stroke symptoms. Hcy increases oxidative stress and leads to increase in blood–brain barrier permeability and leakage. Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) production during the metabolism of Hcy has a cerebroprotective effect, although its effectiveness in Hcy-induced neurodegeneration and neurovascular permeability is less explored. Therefore, the current study was designed to perceive the neuroprotective effect of exogenous H ₂S against HHcy, a cause of neurodegeneration. To test this hypothesis, we used four groups of mice: control, Hcy, control + sodium hydrosulfide hydrate (NaHS), and Hcy + NaHS, and an HHcy mice model in Swiss albino mice by giving a dose of 1.8 g of dl -Hcy/L in drinking for 8–10 weeks. Mice that have 30 µmol/L Hcy were taken for the study, and a H ₂S supplementation of 20 μmol/L was given for 8 weeks to all groups of mice. HHcy results in the rise of the levels of superoxide and nitrite, although a concomitant decrease in the level of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, reduced glutathione, and arginase in oxidative stress and a concomitant decrease in the endogenous level of H ₂S. Although H ₂S supplementation ameliorated, the effect of HHcy and the levels of H ₂S returned to the average level in HHcy animals supplemented with H ₂S. Interestingly, H ₂S supplementation ameliorated neurovascular remodeling and neurodegeneration. Thus, our study suggested that H ₂S could be a beneficial therapeutic candidate for the treatment of Hcy-associated neurodegeneration, such as stroke and neurovascular disorders.