香港瓮缸群岛野生植物资源调查研究

香港瓮缸群岛共有维管植物166种,隶属于69个科138个属,其中蕨类植物7科8属10种,裸子植物2科2属2种,被子植物60科128属154种。瓮缸群岛为香港著名离岛,植被生境无人为干扰,野生植物资源利用度较低,本文通过对瓮缸群岛的植被类型和野生植物资源进行统计分析,结果表明,该群岛可供利用的植物资源共10类,分别为：药用植物103种、观赏植物107种、食用植物21种、牧草及饲用植物23种、材用植物17种、油脂植物22种、芳香精油植物25种、纤维植物13种、鞣料植物11种、有毒植物26种等,都有很高的开发利用潜力,在此基础上提出相应的保育及开发利用建议,旨在更好地保护和合理利用该群岛的野生植物资源。     

不受欢迎的生物多样性：香港的外来植物物种

香港早在19世纪中叶开始就有外来植物入侵的记录,迄今为止,已发现多达238种已归化的外来或怀疑为外来的植物,其中又以薇甘菊（Mikania micrantha)、五爪金龙（Ipomoea cairica)、假臭草（Eupatorium catarium)、大黍（Panicum maximum)等最常见,外来植物最常见于受人为干扰的生境,例如荒废农田及路旁等,而较少在天然林地生境及贫瘠的灌草丛中发现,外来植物的对本地生态系统的影响主要局限于低地生境,它们常形成单优种群,减少了生境及贫瘠的灌草丛中发现,外来植物对本地生态系统的影响主要局限于低地生境,它们常形成单优种群,减少少了生境及动植物的多样性,外来动物对香港原生植物影响最大的是于20世纪70年代入侵的松树线虫（Bur-saphelenchus xylophilus)。外来的脊椎动物也有可能对香港的植物被演替产生影响,目前香港的外来植物当中,有些在大陆较少分布或没有记录,作为华南最大的港口,香港对外来物种的引入扮演着重要的角色,因此制定控制外来种在香港及华南地区的引入及传播的政策及措施非常重要。     

香港观赏植物资源及园林应用调查

采用实地调查和资料搜集的方法,对香港的公园和主要街道展开植物资源调查和编目,共记载香港观赏植物约70科260种,分析其观赏特性和园林应用,探讨观赏植物园林应用的不足之处,提出香港地区植物资源合理利用和保护的建议,为香港园林建设中的植物景观改良和建设提供参考。     

A population-based study of Helicobacter pylori infection in Chinese children resident in Hong Kong: prevalence and potential risk factors

Background: Data of Helicobacter pylori prevalence in children and its risk factors provide clues to the health authority to estimate burden of H. pylori‐associated diseases usually encountered in adulthood and facilitate healthcare planning. Materials and Methods: A cross‐sectional population‐based study was conducted in Chinese children in elementary and high schools. Schools were selected from all three major areas of Hong Kong. H. pylori infection was defined by a positive ¹³C‐urea breath test. Study subjects were stratified into six age groups for estimation of prevalence. Potential risk factors were analyzed from data of self‐administered questionnaires. Results: A total of 2480 children (aged 6–19, male: 47.3%) participated in the study. Overall, 324 (13.1%) were positive for H. pylori. There was no difference in prevalence between sexes, and no statistical trend in the prevalence across the six age groups. Multivariate logistic regression identified lack of formal education of mother (OR = 2.43, 95%CI 1.36–4.34), family history of gastric cancer (OR = 2.19, 95%CI 1.09–4.41), and household member > 5 (OR = 1.57, 95%CI 1.12–2.19) to be positively associated with H. pylori infection in our children. Conclusions: The H. pylori prevalence of Hong Kong children is comparable to the data of developed countries. The association with family history of gastric cancer justifies further study to investigate the cost‐benefit of community screening program for such children to decrease the incidence of gastric cancer in adulthood.     

Depressive symptoms and gender differences in older adults in Hong Kong during the COVID-19 pandemic: a network analysis approach

Background: The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak had a detrimental impact on the mental health of older adults. This study evaluated the central symptoms and their associations in the network of depressive symptoms and compared the network structure differences between male and female older adults in Hong Kong.Methods: Altogether, 3,946 older adults participated in this study. We evaluated the centrality indicators for network robustness using stability and accuracy tests, and examined the potential differences between the structure and connectivity of depression networks in male and female older adults.Results: The overall prevalence of depressive symptoms was 43.7% (95% CI=40.6-46.7%) in males, and 54.8% (95% CI=53.1-56.5%) in females (P<0.05). Sad Mood, Guilt, Motor problems and Lack of Energy were influential symptoms in the network model. Gender differences were found in the network global strength, especially in the following edges: Sad Mood--Guilt, Concentration--Guilt, Anhedonia--Motor, Lack of Energy--Suicide, Appetite--Suicide and Concentration--Suicide.Conclusions: Central symptoms in the depressive symptom network among male and female older adults may be prioritized in the treatment and prevention of depression during the pandemic.     

香港索罟群岛植被与植物物种多样性研究

索罟群岛植被的次生性很强,以常绿灌丛为主,兼有次生性常绿阔叶林、滨海沙生灌草丛及少量半红树植物,其中灌木、草本植物种类丰富。群岛共有维管植物259种,隶属于85科207属,其中本土野生植物70科193属245种,包括2种受国家或地方保护的植物。其植物区系热带性质明显,56.47%的科属于泛热带分布,94.69%的属为热带分布类型,83.40%的种为热带分布,与邻近的广东内伶仃岛植物区系具有较高的相似性。受岛屿面积、海拔、隔离程度及人类活动等因素影响,群岛各岛屿的植物物种多样性各有特点,其中大鸦洲、小鸦洲植物种类最丰富。     

香港草地、芒萁、灌木群落的C素动态

通过对香港草地、芒萁、灌木群落植物生物量和净生产量的研究,探讨这些植物群落的C素动态。结果表明草地、芒萁、灌木群落植物的C贮量分别为377,871和1448g/m     

Nutrient flow in a major urban settlement: Hong Kong

A nutrient balance is established for the contemporary urban ecosystem of Hong Kong. The flow of nutrients in the Hong Kong food system in particular is examined, including current and potential nutrient recycling patterns. Losses of nutrients in food for human consumption are found to be up to 20% for major nutrients. The flow of mineral phosphorus in the Hong Kong food system is examined in detail. About 3600 tonnes of phosphorus are lost from the Hong Kong food system each year. A comparison is made between the land-based forage area demand of the Hong Kong population and a similar-sized Western population, that of Sydney, Australia. It is estimated that the average Hong Kong person consumes a diet which requires only half the land area needed to produce the diet of the average Sydney person. However, Hong Kong relies on the ocean for 25% of its animal protein supply compared with 2.5% for Sydney. Patterns of food production and nutrient recycling are proposed, with the aim of optimizing resource utilization in close association with contemporary urban settlements.     

Mapping and characterization of mangrove plant communities in Hong Kong

Ecological surveys were carried out to investigate the distribution and characterization of remaining mangrove stands in Hong Kong. The field studies indicate that 43 mangrove stands, excluding Mai Po Nature Reserve, still remained along the coastline of Hong Kong despite tremendous reclamation and development which occurred in the past 40 years. Most mangrove stands were found in Deep Bay (western part)and Sai Kung District (eastern coasts). The total areas occupied by these mangrove stands were 178 ha,varying from a very small stand (with 1–2 mangrove shrubs) to fairly extensive mangroves in Deep Bay (> 10 ha). It appeared that mangrove stands located in Deep Bay area were larger than those in the eastern coasts. Twenty plant species were identified from these stands, with 13 being exclusive or associate mangrove species. The major constituent species were Kandelia candel, Aegiceras corniculatum, Excoecaria agallocha and Avicennia marina. Rare species such as Heritiera littoralis were only found in a few mangrove stands. Out of the 43remaining mangrove stands, 23 were more worthwhile for conservation and their plant community structures were further investigated by transect and quadrat analyses. The importance values (sum of relative abundance,frequency and dominance) show that K. candel was the most dominant species. Species richness and Simpson's indices together with tree height, tree density and canopy area fluctuated significantly between mangrove stands. These values were used to prioritize the conservation potential of the remaining mangrove stands in Hong Kong. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

香港大榄郊野公园的植物组成与植被数量分类

通过对香港大榄郊野公园森林群落的样地调查,利用组平均法和除趋势对应分析两种方法,对样方进行聚类与排序分析。把35个样地划分为11个植被类型,森林群落可划分为台湾相思（Acacia confusa Merr．）林、红胶木（Lophostemon confertus（R．Br．）PeterG．Wilson ex J．T．Waterh．）林、木荷（Schima superba Gardner ex Champ．）林、柠檬桉（Eucalyptus citriodora Hook．）林、湿地松＋鸭脚木（Pinus elliottii Engelm．＋Schefflera octophylla（Lour．）Harms．）林、土沉香（Aquilaria sinensis（Lour．）Spreng．）林、毛叶桉（Eucalyptus torelliana F．Muell．）林;灌木群落分为山油柑＋越南叶下珠（Acronychia pedunculata（L．）Miq．＋Phyllanthus cochmchinensis（Lour．）Spreng．）矮树灌丛、豺皮樟＋桃金娘（Litsea rotoundifolia（Nees）Hemsl．var．oblongifolia（Nees）C．K．Allen＋Rhodomyrtus tomentosa（Alton）Hassk．）矮树灌丛、大头茶（Gordonia axillaris（Roxb．ex Ker Gawl．）D．Dietr．）矮树灌丛、桃金娘＋芒萁（Rhodomyrtus tomentosa （Alton）Hassk．＋Dicranopteris dichotoma（Thunb．）Bernh．）灌草丛。DCA排序结果反映海拔高度与各个森林群落的分布格局和物种组成关系不大,而环境湿度是影响森林群落物种组成的主要因素。多样性分析结果显示,台湾相思林和土沉香林多样性指数最高,说明台湾相思林逐渐向次生林演变,除了红胶木林和少数郁闭度低的台湾相思林中有强阳生性树种外,大部分人工林下植物以阳生性稍耐阴的树种为主。调查结果显示,大榄郊野公园植物生长条件东部优于西部,西部的物种丰富度和多样性指数较低,主要以人工林和灌丛为主,加上山火频繁发生,导致长期处于先锋阶段。     

香港西贡牛尾海邻近岛屿野生植物资源的初步研究

作者通过野外调查,报道了香港西贡牛尾海邻近岛屿的植被概况和物种多样性。结果表明:该地区共有维管束植物108科254属345种。作者将其植物资源按用途分为10类:药用植物、观赏植物、材用植物、纤维植物、油脂植物、饲用植物、有毒植物、食用植物、鞣料植物和芳香植物,并论述了各类资源植物的主要种类。并对合理开发、利用和保护该地区植物资源提出了建议。     

A review on human influenza A H5N1 infections in Hong Kong

Avian influenza A H5N1 remains the most threatening virus that may cause another devastating pandemic in the foreseeable future. In 1997, Hong Kong was the first place to detect human infections due to this virus originated from birds. The experience and lessons learnt provide important information for controlling further outbreaks caused by avian influenza viruses.     

香港果洲群岛植物物种多样性与植被的研究

据实地调查统计,香港果洲群岛共有维管束植物140种,隶属于54科115属,其中蕨类植物5科6属6种.裸了植物1科1属1种,被子植物48科108属133种.植被类型主要为常绿阔叶灌丛、南亚热带常绿阔叶林和热带滨海砂生植被.果洲群岛植物区系以热带、亚热带成分占优势.报道了果洲群岛各岛植物种类,并分析了各岛植物物种多样性的特点以及与邻近地区植物多样性的关系,为香港岛屿植物区系的研究提供基本资料.     

Occurrence of fungi on submerged pine and teak blocks in Hong Kong coastal waters

An investigation of the lignicolous marine fungi in Hong Kong coastal waters was carried out for 18 months in order to determine successional patterns of fungal occurrence. Submerged blocks of pine (Pinus massoniana Lambert) and teak (Tectona grandis Linnaeus) were used as baits and were scraped at intervals to remove surface fouling organisms. Occurrence of fungi is described in terms of the composition of the fungal flora and the number of fungal colonies developed on the test blocks before and after incubation. The scraped teak and pine blocks supported slightly different fungal floras, and the selective effect of these substrates on fungal colonization is discussed.     

A biological survey of ballast water in container ships entering Hong Kong

The role of ballast water in the introduction of exotic species has recently received extensive attention. The aim of this study is to assess the importance of ballast water discharge as a vector for the introduction of exotic species into Hong Kong waters. Twelve ballast water samples were collected from 5 container ships entering Hong Kong between June1994 and October 1995. The ballast water originated from ports on both sides of the Pacific Ocean. At least 81 species from 8 animal phyla and 5 protist phyla were found. Most of the major marine taxonomic groups were represented and many planktonic larval stages were included. Species richness in the ballast tanks decreased with the age of ballast water. Copepoda was the most diverse and abundant taxonomic group. The density of calanoid and cyclopoid copepods decreased with the age of ballast water, but that of harpacticoid copepods did not change significantly with time. Bivalve, crustacean, polychaete and ascidian larvae from ballast water samples were observed to settle in laboratory culture tanks. The mussel Mytilopsis sallei which was introduced to Hong Kong in 1980, was one of the bivalves that settled readily. Results of this study indicate that ballast water can be a major source for the introduction of exotic species to Hong Kong waters. Regulatory guidelines on the discharge of ballast water should be established. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

A Comparison of Ship-Recycling Legislation Between Chinese Law and the 2009 Hong Kong Convention

This article discusses the Chinese legal framework in relation to ship recycling and suggests that the various legislation, standards, and opinions provide disorderly and nosystematic regulation. A uniform law specifically regulating the ship-recycling industry should be adopted by China, with a single competent authority empowered to supervise ship-recycling activities, that will effectively implement the 2009 Hong Kong International Convention for the Safe and Environmentally Sound Recycling of Ships.     

香港鸭嘴草＋野古草＋金茅群落的生物量和第一性生产力

香港鸭嘴草＋野古草＋金茅群落的生物量和第一性生产力管东生（中山大学环境科学系,广州５１０２７５）ＰｈｙｔｏｍａｓａｎｄＮｅｔＰｒｉｍａｒｙＰｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｖｉｔｙｏｆｔｈｅＧｒａｓｌａｎｄｉｎＨｏｎｇＫｏｎｇ．ＧｕａｎＤｏｎｇｓｈｅｎｇ（Ｄｅｐａｒ...     

中国香港外来入侵植物

该文于2015—2016年通过野外实地调查并结合整理、查阅相关的文献资料,研究了中国香港特别行政区外来入侵植物的种类组成、原产地、生活型、入侵途径和危害状况等。结果表明:(1)中国香港有外来入侵植物共101种,隶属于36科77属,其中菊科(Asteraceae)植物的种类最多,有17种。(2)来源于美洲的外来入侵植物种类最多,占入侵植物总数的77.2%。(3)外来种类中草本植物占了绝大多数,占总种数的80.2%。(4)恶意入侵与严重入侵植物共42种,占总种数的41.6%。同时,通过与邻近的珠海、深圳、澳门、广州四个地区的外来入侵植物进行比较,提出了珠三角区域共防共治外来植物入侵、保障环境生态安全的建议。     

Missing teeth: Discordances in the trade of hippo ivory between Africa and Hong Kong

As the global epicentre of wildlife trade, Hong Kong plays an important role in the preservation or demise of biodiversity, including species found continents away. If mismanaged, legal trade in threatened species can lead to unsustainable exploitation. Inaccurate and incomplete trade records from the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) undermine the regulation of this trade. We examine the trade of hippo (Hippopotamus amphibius) teeth to illustrate the extent of mismatched data between key trading nations. More than 90% of global hippo teeth trade is imported to, and re‐exported from, Hong Kong. Of that imported, over 75% originated in Tanzania or Uganda, but there are notable disparities in declared trade volumes. In most transactions, Hong Kong declares more volume imported than the volume declared exported by Uganda. Overall, Hong Kong has reported the import of 3,176 kg more hippo teeth than declared exported by Tanzania. This indicates that actual trade levels may exceed internationally agreed quotas. In total, over 14,000 kg of hippo teeth is unaccounted for between Uganda and Hong Kong, representing more than 2,700 individual hippos—2% of the global population. This gross discordance in trade data undermines regulatory measures and challenges the persistence of hippo populations in Africa.