海南省香蕉枯萎菌生理小种的RAPD分析

利用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)分子标记方法对海南省香蕉枯萎病菌2个生理小种(小种1和小种4)进行遗传多样性分析,以筛选出的15个随机引物对采自海南省各市县发病蕉区的分别属于1号生理小种和4号生理小种的16个代表菌株及广东省2个1号和4号生理小种对照菌株进行RAPD-PCR扩增,结果产生97个RAPD分子标记,其中多态性的条带有76条,通过聚类分析探讨了供试小种间的亲缘关系,并寻找到了1、4号生理小种的特异性条带,为在分子水平上进行香蕉枯萎病菌生理小种鉴定提供更为便利的手段。     

Reading Wacquant as both ‘lumper’ and ‘splitter’

In this short response to Loïc Wacquant's ‘Marginality, Ethnicity and Penality in the Neo-liberal City’, I outline two intellectual conversations that emerge from the author's work. The first develops out of the connections that the author draws between systems of criminal justice and welfare. The second grows out of the disassociation he urges us to see between the logics and trajectories of crime, on the one hand, and criminal justice on the other. I then briefly describe how my own work has been influenced by and contributes to these two ongoing streams of research.     

安徽皇藏峪自然保护区南京椴种群结构分析

在野外样方调查基础上,根据径级结构、静态生命表、存活曲线和死亡曲线,探讨了安徽皇藏峪自然保护区内南京椴(Tilia miqueliana Maxim.)种群的动态变化规律及更新方式。结果表明,该种群的径级结构呈倒金字塔型,为衰退型种群;种群的存活曲线为DeeveyⅢ型曲线,幼树死亡率较高,苗期种群不稳定;其更新方式主要为实生苗和萌蘖,其中萌蘖是维持种群个体数量的主要方式。     

Revision of Chaetocnema semicoerulea species-group (Coleoptera,Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae,Alticini) in China,with descriptions of three new species

Chinese species of Chaetocnema semicoerulea group are revised and three new species described as new: Chaetocnema salixis sp. n., Chaetocnema yulongensis sp. n. and Chaetocnema deqinensis sp. n.. A key to all five species of this group occurring in China and the illustrations of habitus and genitalia are provided. A map of species distribution is given.     

民勤荒漠区不同生活型植物物候响应气候变暖的差异

运用1974年以来民勤荒漠区植物物候观测资料和气象观测资料,将22种植物分别按生长类型划分为乔木、灌木和草本植物3种生活型,再按更新芽着生部位将22种植物划分为高位芽植物、地上芽植物和地面芽植物植物3种生活型,分析了按这2种方法划分的不同生活型植物物候响应气候变化的差异.结果表明:1)不论以哪种方法划分的植物生活型,春季物候响应气温变化的敏感程度均大干秋季;2)按生长类型划分的3种生活型植物之间的物候变化差异较按更新芽着生部位划分的3种生活型植物之间的物候变化差异大,主要表现为乔木和灌木的物候差异较大;3)当地植物的生长期长度、乔木的春季物候提前幅度和高位芽植物的春季物候提前幅度大干其他文献报导;4)更新芽着生部位越高,春季物候响应当月和当年气温变暖越敏感,表明在地面以上、乔木高度以内,距地面越高气温对春季物候的影响越显著.     

Horst Asp?ck,encyclopedist and entomologist extraordinaire – a personal appreciation

The paper provides an overview of the life and work of Prof. Dr. Horst Aspöck, the doyen of neuropterology, on the occasion of his 75^th birthday. It particularly emphasizes his outstanding contributions to the development of neuropterology since the 1960s.     

Skills,division of labour and economies of scale among Amazonian hunters and South Indian honey collectors

In foraging and other productive activities, individuals make choices regarding whether and with whom to cooperate, and in what capacities. The size and composition of cooperative groups can be understood as a self-organized outcome of these choices, which are made under local ecological and social constraints. This article describes a theoretical framework for explaining the size and composition of foraging groups based on three principles: (i) the sexual division of labour; (ii) the intergenerational division of labour; and (iii) economies of scale in production. We test predictions from the theory with data from two field contexts: Tsimane'' game hunters of lowland Bolivia, and Jenu Kuruba honey collectors of South India. In each case, we estimate the impacts of group size and individual group members'' effort on group success. We characterize differences in the skill requirements of different foraging activities and show that individuals participate more frequently in activities in which they are more efficient. We evaluate returns to scale across different resource types and observe higher returns at larger group sizes in foraging activities (such as hunting large game) that benefit from coordinated and complementary roles. These results inform us that the foraging group size and composition are guided by the motivated choice of individuals on the basis of relative efficiency, benefits of cooperation, opportunity costs and other social considerations.     

Playmate relationships of immature free-ranging Japanese monkeys at Katsuyama

The playmate relationships of immature Japanese monkeys were analyzed with respect to age, sex, and dominance rank class of the matrilines in a larger-sized free-ranging group. One-year-old immature males showed the largest number of play partners and the highest frequency of social play. Older immature females tended to play with younger animals of both sexes, whereas immature males of all ages played with same-sexed and like-aged peers. While high-ranking immature males continued their play partnerships with other animals until 4 years of age, middle/low-ranking males did not. The large number of peers and possible play partners may intensify their selectivity of play partners in relation to dominance. The forming of playmate networks by high-ranking immature males may explain the delay in group shifting of high-ranking animals.