锡林郭勒草原布氏田鼠体重和体长关系的研究

1991～ 1998年对内蒙古阿巴嘎旗那仁宝力格苏木布氏田鼠 (Microtusbrandti)体长、体重和胴体重资料进行了调查和分析 ,得到如下结论 :田鼠体长、体重、胴体重的均值在低密度回升期均逐年增高 ;雌性越冬鼠的胴体重均值低于雄性越冬鼠且有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 ) ;秋季雄鼠与雌鼠的 3项指标的均值无显著差异(P >0 10 ) ,体长、体重和胴体重间相关极显著 (P =0 0 0 0 1)。分别给出了体重与体长 :胴体重与体长的模型W =aLb,其中W为体重或胴体重 ,L为体长 ;胴体重与体重的关系适合于模型NW =W / (a bW ) ,其中NW为胴体重 ,W为体重。     

蒙古旱獭体重和体长增长的研究

1985和1986年对647只蒙古旱獭体重、体长的增长规律进行了研究。体重体长随年龄增加而增长,但体重和体长的增长特点不同,体重随年龄增加而直线上升,体长则呈抛物线形上升。根据这一规律,将体长的增长划为突增期、稳增期和停滞期三个时期。并根据体重和体长分布呈二元正态分布之特点,以直线回归方程Y=30.78+0.004X表示体重(X)与体长(Y)的相关关系,相关系数r=0.9602(p<0.01)。     

光周期对布氏田鼠幼仔生长发育的影响

通过比较法对实验室内布氏田鼠 (Microtusbrandti)幼仔生长发育与光周期关系的研究表明 ,尽管出生和断乳时的窝仔数及断乳时窝仔存活率不受光周期的影响 (t test,P >0 0 5 ) ,每种光周期条件下出生和断乳时雌雄比例差异不显著 (Chi square检验 ,P >0 0 5 ) ,不同光周期间雄性比例无明显差异 (百分数的检验 ,P >0 0 5 ) ,但是 ,随着幼仔的生长 ,出生并饲养在长光照周期 (LD ,14L∶10D)下的个体体重、体长和肥满度显著大于短光照周期 (SD ,10L∶14D)下的幼体 ,尤在出生 9或 14天以后的各阶段 (t test,P <0 0 5 )。在 6 0日龄时 ,LD雄鼠的睾丸、附睾及储精囊成熟指数显著高于SD鼠 (t test,睾丸 ,t =3 30 9,df =14,P <0 0 1;附睾 ,t=3 6 2 2 ,df =14,P <0 0 1;储精囊 ,t=3 379,df =14,P <0 0 1)。但LD组的皮毛厚度和绒毛长度显著低于SD组 (t test,皮毛厚度t=- 5 185 ,df =14,P <0 0 1;绒毛长度t=- 2 415 ,df =14,P <0 0 5 )。作者认为体重、肥满度和性腺成熟指数 (GSI)高的LD鼠较SD鼠更适应于繁殖期的繁殖生存 ;而生长发育缓慢 ,皮毛厚度、绒毛长度高的SD鼠更能适应越冬生存。在自然环境中 ,光周期可能被布氏田鼠作为季节环境变化的信号 ,使其在形态和生殖方面提前作好准备 ,采取不同的策略以适     

人工圈养瓶鼻海豚的体重与体长的相关性分析

运用简单线性相关及回归分析方法,对人工圈养条件下20头太平洋瓶鼻海豚(Tursiopsgilli)的体重与体长的相关性分析结果表明,海豚体重与体长呈显著正相关(r=0.960,P<0.01),其体重随体长变化的回归方程为^Y=2.19X-368.65;体重与体长的比值随着体长的增加而增加,且呈直线趋势。依据海豚体重与体长的相关分析来控制其体重,从而提高科学饲养管理水平,使海豚的摄食量、训练行为与健康之间保持平衡,是很有必要的。     

山医群体近交系中国地鼠(Cricetulus griseus)的研究——Ⅱ.生殖生理和生长发育

中国地鼠雌鼠的动情周期为4.0d,动情期阴道粘液呈碱性。妊娠期平均20.05d。受孕后阴道口出现的黑色栓子可做为早期妊娠的依据。幼鼠性成熟一般在55.0日龄,雄鼠稍早于雌性。成年雌鼠平均体重36.5g,体长8.8cm;雄鼠体重32.5g体长9.9cm。经累代近交的高世代鼠体形有减小趋势。     

人工圈养瓶鼻海豚的体重与体长的相关性分析

运用简单线性相关及回归分析方法，对人工圈养条件下20头太平洋瓶鼻海豚(Tursiops gilli)的体重与体长的相关性分析结果表明，海豚体重与体长呈显著正相关(r=0.960，P<0.01)，其体重随体长变化的回归方程为Ｙ=2.19X-368.65；体重与体长的比值随着体长的增加而增加，且呈直线趋势。依据海豚体重与体长的相关分析来控制其体重，从而提高科学饲养管理水平，使海豚的摄食量、训练行为与健康之间保持平衡，是很有必要的。     

环境颜色对异色瓢虫生长发育及繁殖能力的影响

在室内利用不同颜色的饲养容器,对异色瓢虫Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) 生长发育、体长体重变化及繁殖能力进行了比较研究。结果显示：不同环境颜色条件对异色瓢虫幼虫各龄历期均有显著影响; 尽管蛹期受不同颜色影响显著,但其总胚后发育期在各处理间差异不显著。异色瓢虫1龄和2龄幼虫体长增量在不同颜色处理间无显著差异,但3龄幼虫在红色条件下体长增量显著小于其余各处理。不同环境颜色条件下异色瓢虫各虫期体重增量均有显著差异,而4龄幼虫体重增量在各处理中均显著大于其余各虫期,并占总胚后发育期体重增量的50%以上。异色瓢虫成虫的交配持续时间在各处理间无显著差异,但其产卵前期在黄色及绿色条件下显著小于其余各处理。其首堆产卵量在各处理间无显著差异,但在红色及自然光下的48 h累计产卵量均显著小于其余处理。     

伊朗一沼泽中水生甲虫体长与体重的关系(英文)

本研究所用标本为7种水生甲虫,均采自伊朗Choghakhor沼泽。通过对水生甲虫的体长和体重的测量,研究其体长-体重关系(LWR)。结果表明: LWR参数b的变动范围在2.315~3.117之间。所有被观察的水生甲虫体长与体重关系明显,相关系数(r²)均高。本研究所得到的这种相互关系可被用于确定甲虫体重,并有助于解决其他的一些生态学问题。本研究所提出的体长-体重关系(LWR)限制于所观察到的标本体长范围。     

光照对棕色田鼠和昆明小鼠活动性的影响

光照对啮齿动物的行为格局和活动节律有着重要的影响。本研究以比较生物学方法,以光照强度和鼠种两个因素,在实验室内利用动物行为监视系统,以焦点动物取样法( Focus animal sampling) ,在＜ 20 Lux、200 Lux、800 Lux 和1 600 Lux 等4 个水平的光照强度下,监测和记录棕色田鼠和昆明小鼠的移动和静止行为,并在实验结束时测定实验动物的体重; 在800 Lux 光照强度下,设置正常( 12L∶ 12D) 和全黑( 0L∶ 24D) 两种光照时间,连续12 h监测并记录实验动物的行为。采用双因素方差分析方法对数据进行统计分析。结果表明:1) 光强与鼠种对静止行为存在显著交互作用,棕色田鼠的静止行为与光强间存在显著的负相关关系,而昆明小鼠的静止行为则与光强无显著的相关; 2) 光强对两种动物移动行为的影响与静止行为表现方式相反; 3) 在12 h的光暴露条件下,棕色田鼠的相对活动显著强于昆明小鼠; 4) 光强对两种动物体重的影响不同,棕色田鼠体重与光强呈正相关关系,昆明小鼠与光强呈负相关关系,但差异不显著。本研究进一步验证了地面鼠与地下鼠对光强适应的差别。     

昆明种小鼠体长与尾长的测定

昆明种小鼠是我国目前使用最广泛的实验动物,为了解其年龄与体长,尾长的关系,我们选用不同日龄的封闭群昆明种小鼠,对其体长、尾长分别进行测定,现将结果报告如下。 (一)材料与方法 1.动物来源 (1)选取某动物室昆明种饲养间生产群全部经产小鼠,作为种鼠组。将在育种中注意挑选体壮、尾粗长的经产种鼠作为A群鼠,忽视挑选尾长的经产种鼠作为B群鼠。 (2)随机选用不同日龄的昆明种小鼠。 (3)随机选用父母亲是尾长/体长值大于1的三窝仔鼠中的雌鼠,称为C群鼠。 2.饲养环境 种鼠组。A与C群鼠成年后     

STELLER SEA LION BODY CONDITION INDICES

We evaluated various measurements of mass, morphology, and blubber thickness as indices of fatness for Steller sea lions by correlation with the percentage of total body mass comprised by the sculp (%SCULP). We concluded LMD-index was the best index evaluated because it had a relatively high r ² (0.58), had a linear relationship with %SCULP, and the intercept term was not different from O. We suggest the development of a LMD-index for otariids would likely reduce the unexplained variation in the index. We developed a multiple regression model ( r ²= 0.745, P < 0.001) for predicting %SCULP with LMD-index and functions of sex, age, and season as predictor variables. Steller sea lions < 5 yr of age had higher %SCULP values than those ≥ 5 yr. %SCULP declined with age for sea lions < 5 yr. Both younger and older males were fatter during the winter/spring period than during summer/ fall. Females of both age classes had similar %SCULP values throughout the year. Steller sea lions are relatively lean pinnipeds; estimates of blubber and total body lipids ranged from 5% to 17% of total body mass.     

INDICES OF BODY CONDITION AND BODY COMPOSITION IN FEMALE ANTARCTIC FUR SEALS (ARCTOCEPHALUS GAZELLA)

An attempt was made to develop simple, inexpensive, rapid means of determining body composition in Antarctic fur seals ( Arctocephalus gazella ). Measurements of total body water ( TBW ) and total body lipid ( TBL ), obtained by hydrogen isotope dilution, were compared to the results of bioelectrical impedance analysis ( BIA ) and morphometric indices of body condition in 52 adult females. TBW was weakly correlated with BIA measurements of resistance ( v = -0.30, P < 0.03). Conductor volume (length2/resistance) was more highly correlated with TBW ( r = 0.75, P < 0.0001) and the inclusion of mass into the predictive equation improved the correlation further ( r = 0.95, P < 0.0001). A body condition index (mass/length) previously used in pinniped studies was positively correlated to TBL ( r = 0.77, P < 0.0001) validating its use as a relative index of condition. However, body mass alone was highly correlated to TBW ( r = 0.94, P < 0.0001) and appears to provide a simple, rapid means of estimating body composition in adult females. This technique may also be applicable to juvenile male Antarctic fur seals.     

MEASURING CHANGES IN JUVENILE GRAY SEAL BODY COMPOSITION

Determining body composition in gray seals ( Halichoerus grypus ) is important when studying their physiology and life history. In this study we investigated the predictability of total body fat (TBF) and protein (TBP) in postweaned gray seal pups from morphometric measurements, blubber thickness using ultrasonographs and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). In postweaned pups, TBF (kg) could be estimated from girth measurements and sex ( n = 45, r ²= 0.878) using hydrogen isotope dilution methods as the reference. However, TBP could not be reliably estimated from morphometric data. TBF (kg) in yearlings was best predicted from mass ( n = 6, r ²= 0.776) and TBP (kg) from mass/length ( r ²= 0.949). Dorsal blubber thickness using B-mode ultrasound was also a significant predictor of TBF (kg) in postweaned pups ( r ²= 0.725) but BIA was not. Marked pups were recaptured during their first few months of life ( n = 48) and body composition changes investigated. Animals lost mass and TBF after leaving the breeding beach, largely during the first 5–6 mo of life. Postweaned pups were ∼40% TBF and ∼13% TBP whereas yearlings were ∼12% TBF and ∼20% TBP. Pups that survived beyond 6 mo of age then regained mass as protein. Morphometric measurements are a useful field indication of body condition when isotope dilution is impractical.     

影响虫草子实体生长的因素探讨

人工培养虫草子实体是确证虫草无性型的有力证据,讨论了生态环境对天然虫草的影响,并对人工培养虫草子实体的影响因素如营养、温度、温度、通气、光照、菌株等进行了探讨。     

SEX DIFFERENCES IN BODY SIZE AND BODY CONDITION OF CALIFORNIA SEA LION (ZALOPHUS CALIFORNIANUS) PUPS FROM THE GULF OF CALIFORNIA

The Gulf of California harbors about 15% of the total California sea lion ( Zalophus californianus californianus ) population. We studied pup morphometrics from eight Gulf of California rookeries during the 1996 and 1997 reproductive seasons to describe sex differences in body size and body condition indices. Newborn pup body size was not different from previous reports. Male pups were heavier and larger than female pups in terms of all linear dimensions. Morphometric relationships, however, showed that males were 3%-4% denser, and that after removing the effects of length, they were about 2% heavier than females. Sculp depth adjusted for length was 12% larger in female than in male pups. Our data provide further evidence that male otariid pups may allocate a larger fraction of milk energy to muscular and skeletal growth compared to female pups.     

PREVIOUS PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND BODY BALANCE IN ELDERLY PEOPLE

The purpose of the research was to evaluate the efficiency of body balance regulation in the elderly and verify whether physical activity in adolescence could influence later physical efficiency. Research was carried out on 62 persons aged between 65 and 96 years of age. Fifty people declared that they undertook physical activity in adolescence, while 12 reported no activity. Stabilographic examinations were performed during trials with open and closed eyes on a horizontally situated platform tilted forward and backward. The centre-of-pressure (COP) path length, sway range area and centre-of-pressure velocity (COP velocity) were assessed. The safety margin when a person leans forward and backward was evaluated as well. On a horizontally situated platform, exclusion of visual control in most of the examined participants resulted in a significant increase in values of examined parameters. Tilting the platform caused in both groups an increase in values of all the parameters. These changes were more visible when a trial with eyes closed was performed and the group of active people obtained better results. These people were also able to use the support area more effectively when changing the position of the body. It was found that body balance disorder affects more often elderly people who were less active in adolescence and that with age visual balance control dominates the proprioceptive one. This means that physical activity directed towards, among other things, forming and improving the body balance regulation system is needed at an early age.     

BATHYMETRIC PATTERNS OF BODY SIZE IN DEEP-SEA GASTROPODS

The shift to smaller body size in marine invertebrates at the deep-sea threshold and size-depth clines within the deep-sea ecosystem are global biogeographic phenomena that remain poorly understood. We present the first standardized measurements of larval and adult size among ecologically and phylogenetically similar species across a broad and continuous depth range, using the largest family of deep-sea gastropods (the Turridae). Size at all life stages increases significantly with depth from the upper bathyal region to the abyssal plain. These consistent clines may result from selection favoring larger size at greater depths because of its metabolic and competitive advantages. The unusually small size of deep-sea mollusks, in general, may represent an independent evolutionary process that favors invasion by inshore taxa composed of small organisms.     

金鱼精子发生中的拟染色质小体

拟染色质小体是性细胞特有的细胞器。本文报道:在金鱼精子发生过程中,精原细胞含有大量的拟染色质小体,在它上面不仅聚集着许多线粒体,而且有膜片层附着,其本身还会出现环孔和类似线粒体内嵴状结构。随着细胞的分化,拟染色质小体逐渐变少减小,直至消失。本文对拟染色质小体的形成方式与功能进行了讨论。     

乳头体在大鼠学习记忆活动中的作用的初步探讨

在64只大鼠上观察了电损毁乳头体对动物不同条件反应和有关行为的影响。结果表明,损毁后动物的条件性防御反应的建立未受影响,但其条件性防御反应的分化和消退,以及较复杂的条件性饮水反应的建立却受到明显障碍。这些大鼠在进行条件性饮水反应的过程中对实验环境和条件信号活动明显增多。基于上述结果提示,乳头体在条件反应过程中起抑制作用,在建立这种反应的早期能影响情绪、注意和感觉信息的整合。