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1.
Stem internodes with axillary buds were excised from 5-year old trees ofFicus benjamina cv. Exotica. The effect of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), gibberellic acid (GA3), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) on shoot growth and
proliferationin vitro was investigated. Multiple shoots were developed after 3–4 weeks from stem internodes with axillary buds incubated in Murashige
and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with phloroglucinol (PG) and BAP. Optimum shoot proliferation took place in the presence
of 1.0 mg l−1 BAP. Shoots obtained could be elongated in a medium with 0.5 mg l−1 GA3 prior to their rooting. The root initiation was successfully induced on MS medium either with IAA at 0.5–0.1 mg l−1 or in plant growth regulator-free medium. All rooted plantlets were subsequently transferred to a peat, humus and perlite
mixture in a culture room with high humidity and covered with plastic bags. After one month the plantlets were established
for growing in a greenhouse.
Communicated by J. TUPY 相似文献
2.
Grubišić Dragoljub Katarina Šavikin-Fodulović Danijela Mišić Giba Zlatko Konjević Radomir 《Plant Growth Regulation》2004,44(1):65-69
In vitro culture of stemless carline thistle was established using immature zygotic embryos. A satisfactory bud multiplication was achieved on MS medium supplemented with BAP (1 mg L–1) and IAA (0.2 mg L–1). Maximum rooting of buds was induced upon short cultivation (4 or 8 days) on an auxin-supplemented medium. Highest number of roots was obtained with NAA in the medium while the longest roots developed on the IAA-supplemented medium. Plantlets that subsequently developed were in rosette form if grown in light (16/8 h light to darkness photoperiod) and with elongated stems if raised in darkness. Light grown plantlets treated with GA3 showed dose dependent stem increase in length, reaching maximum at the concentration of 10–4 M. This was correlated with the length and the average number of internodes. If cultivated in the presence of ancymidol, dark grown plantlets showed reduced stem length. However, the inhibitory effect of the growth retardant on stem elongation was completely overcome by the addition of GA3. 相似文献
3.
P. Glocke K. Delaporte G. Collins M. Sedgley 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2006,42(2):139-143
Summary Micropropagation via enhanced axillary shoot proliferation was investigated in the ornamental Eucalyptus cv. ‘Urrbrae Gem’ using in vitro germinated seedlings and was successfully achieved using woody plant medium (WPM) supplemented with 2.2 μM benzylaminopurine, 1.0 μM α-naphthaleneacetic acid, and 1.5 μM gibberellic acid (GA3), gelled with 5 g l−1 Phytagel?. Shoot proliferation was greater on WPM and QL media with GA3 compared to B5, AP, and TK media with or without GA3. GA3 was required for shoot elongation as the internodes were otherwise very short and unsuitable for multiplication or root initiation.
Root initiation was improved using (1/2) WPM supplemented with 20 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) over a 7 d pulse, followed by subculture to IBA-free medium, compared to placing shoots on low
levels of IBA for 4–6 wk. Plantlets were successfully hardened off to the natural environment via a fogger at 67% relative,
humidity at 21°C for 3 d and continued to thrive as potted plants. This is the first report of successful, micropropagation
in an ornamental eucalypt (subgenus Symphyomyrtus) from seedling explants. 相似文献
4.
Jayanand B. Sudarsanam G. Sharma Kiran K. 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2003,39(2):171-179
Summary An efficient and reproducible protocol for the regeneration of shoots at high frequency was developed by using explants derived
from the axillary meristems from the cotyledonary nodes of in vitro-germinated seedlings of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Culture conditions for various stages of adventitious shoot regeneration including the induction, elongation, and rooting
of the elongated shoots were optimized. The medium for synchronous induction of multiple shoot buds consisted of Murashige
and Skoog basal medium (MS) with low concentrations of thidiazuron (TDZ), 2-isopentenyladenine (2-iP), and kinetin. Exclusion
of TDZ and lowering the concentration of 2-iP and kinetin in the elongation medium resulted in faster and enhanced frequency
of elongated shoots. Cultivation of the stunted shoots on MS with giberellic acid (GA3) increased the number of elongated shoots from the responding explants. pH of the medium played a very crucial role in the
regeneration of multiple shoot buds from the explants derived from cotyledonary nodes. A novel rooting system was developed
by placing the elongated shoot on a filter paper bridge immersed in liquid rooting medium that resulted in rooting frequency
of up to 90%. A comprehensive protocol for successful transplantation of the in vitro-produced plants is reported. This method will be very useful for the genetic manipulation of chickpea for its agronomic improvement. 相似文献
5.
Inger Martinussen G. Nilsen L. Svenson O. Junttila K. Rapp 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2004,78(1):43-49
The purpose of this study was to establish conditions for micropropagation of cloudberry (Rubus chamaemorus L.). Cultures were initiated from meristem cultures. When cultures were subcultured from clusters of 3–5 shoots, approximately
70 and 50 shoots were produced per cluster within 6 weeks at 8.9 μM BAP for the female cv. Fjellgull and the male cv. Apollen,
respectively. Addition of 5.5 μM GA3 reduced the number of shoots. Auxins (IBA, NAA) promoted root development in vitro, but inhibited formation of new shoots. However, as much as 85% of shoots rooted without auxin treatment when planted in
a peat:sand (80:20 v/v) mixture. Some of the male plants regenerated from shoot tip cultures flowered in the greenhouse within
a year after transfer to soil. 相似文献
6.
广藿香是重要的芳香药用植物,利用基因工程技术对广藿香进行品种改良,需要建立一个高效的广藿香植株再生体系。该研究以广藿香无菌苗叶片为材料,将叶盘外植体分别置于不同条件下培养,观察、统计其再生植株的数量及生长状况。通过研究15~50 d的苗龄、第2~4节上的叶及培养基中2,4-D、NAA、BA和KT的浓度和配比等因素对广藿香叶盘再生植株的影响,在此基础上优化培养条件,建立广藿香高效再生体系。结果表明:广藿香无菌苗的苗龄、叶片在茎上的着生位置以及培养基中的植物生长调节物质浓度和配比都对广藿香的植株再生有显著影响;优化培养条件为以培养30 d的广藿香无菌苗顶芽下第2对展开叶片切割的叶盘为外植体,在含0.1 mg·L-1NAA和0.5 mg·L-1BA的MS培养基中培养28 d,叶盘的不定芽发生频率达到100%,单个叶盘的平均再生芽数为96.5个,经生根培养及温室炼苗,再生植株的移栽成活率达到96%。广藿香叶盘植株再生体系的建立为其基因转化研究及优良品种的快速繁育奠定了基础。 相似文献
7.
R. Salgado-Garciglia G. Elizarraraz J. Molina-Torres 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1996,45(3):281-282
Acmella oppositifolia plantlet formation was achieved by subculturing single-node explants on Murashige and Skoog medium without growth regulators. The explants from 1-month-old in vitro plantlets produced shoots over a 7-day culture period. From these in vitro cultured nodes readily rooted shoots elongated on auxin-free MS medium. Plants produced were easily acclimatized and subsequently flowered in a greenhouse. This species is of medicinal value in tropical America from Mexico to Colombia. 相似文献
8.
9.
Twinkle Sugla Jubilee Purkayastha Shashi Kant Singh Siva Kumar Solleti Lingaraj Sahoo 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2007,43(5):409-414
A complete protocol is presented for the first time for the micropropagation of Pongamia pinnata, a biofuel tree, using cotyledonary nodes derived from axenic seedlings. Multiple shoots were induced in vitro from nodal segments through forced axillary branching. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 7.5 μM benzylaminopurine
(BAP) induced up to 6.8 shoots per node with an average shoot length of 0.67 cm in 12 d. Incorporation of 2.5 μM gibberellic
acid (GA3) in the medium during the first subculture after establishment and initiation of shoot buds significantly improved the shoot
elongation. Single use of GA3 during the first subculture eliminated the need for prolonged culturing on BAP medium. Further use of GA3 in the medium was not useful. Shoot culture was established for at least two subcultures without loss of vigor by repeatedly
subculturing the original cotyledonary node on shoot multiplication medium followed by shoot elongation medium after each
harvest of the newly formed shoots. Thus, from a single cotyledonary node, about 16–18 shoots were obtained in 60 d. Shoots
formed in vitro were rooted on full-strength MS medium supplemented with 1.0 μM indole butyric acid (IBA). Plantlets were successfully acclimated,
established in soil, and transferred to the nursery. 相似文献
10.
Applications of the growth promotive gibberellins (GAs) GA4 and 2,2-dimethyl GA4, and of C-16,17 endo-dihydro GA5, which is known to promote flowering while inhibiting stem growth in the long-day grass Lolium temulentum, were made to micropropagated plants of Metrosideros collina cv. Tahiti, a highly ornamental cultivar with an intermittent flowering pattern. Gibberellin A4 and 2,2-dimethyl GA4 stimulated vegetative growth both in elongating shoots, and internodes of shoots developing from buds that were quiescent at the time of GA application. Abscission of the apices of expanding shoots, a feature of mature Metrosideros plants, was inhibited by these GAs, the rejuvenation of micropropagated plantlets being enhanced. However, C-16,17 endo-dihydro GA5 differed from GA4 and 2,2-dimethyl GA4 by having no promotive effects on vegetative growth, and no inhibition of apical abscission. Notwithstanding this contrasting effect on vegetative growth, high doses of GA4 or C-16,17 endo-dihydro GA5 similarly reduced flowering on shoots to which either GA was applied. Reduced flowering in response to applied GAs is common in many woody angiosperms, and in this instance was probably the combined result of abortion of developing floral structures in quiescent buds, and a preferential inhibition of bud break for floral buds relative to vegetative buds, particularly by GA4. Finally, both C-16,17 endo-dihydro GA5 and GA4 strongly inhibited bud break in this woody angiosperm, although GA4 could initially stimulate bud break when applied to vegetative buds close to the expansion stage. The above findings, in toto, highlight the sensitivity of Metrosideros to both classes of GA in a variety of growth and development processes. 相似文献
11.
One application of gibberellic acid (GA3) to young internodes significantly accelerated the rate of leaf initiation and caused an increase in the number of internodes in shoots of Xanthium pennsylvanicum. The average duration of one plastochron was reduced from 3.3 to 1.9 days. The rate of growth of the GA3-treated internodes, and also of those positioned above and below, was at least twice that of the control. It appeared that the growth substance was translocated both acropetally and basipetally from the locus of application and that it significantly accelerated the rate of stem elongation. Gibberellic acid also had a pronounced morphogenetic effect on the leaves. It induced the development of lanceolate leaves instead of typical deltoid leaves. The area and the leaf length of the treated plants were both significantly reduced. Each response may be regulated by increasing or decreasing the concentration of gibberellic acid. The induced morphogenetic changes were not permanent. A reversion to the original condition was noticeable about 8 wk after treatment. 相似文献
12.
In vitro propagation of northern red oak (Quercus rubra) shoots was successful from cotyledonary node explants excised from 8-wk-old in vitro grown seedlings. Initially, four shoots per explant were obtained on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 4.4 μM
6-benzylaminopurine (BA), 0.45 μM thidiazuron (TDZ), and 500 mg l−1 casein hydrolysate (CH) with a regeneration frequency of 64.7% after 3 wk. Subculturing explants (after harvesting shoots)
to fresh treatment medium significantly increased shoot bud regeneration (16.6 buds per explant), but the buds failed to develop
into shoots. A higher percentage (73.3%) of the explants regenerated four shoots per explant on woody plant medium (WPM) supplemented
with 4.4 μM BA, 0.29 μM gibberellic acid (GA3), and 500 mg l−1 CH after 3 wk. Explants subcultured to fresh treatment medium after harvesting shoots significantly increased shoot regeneration
(16 shoots per explant). Shoot elongation was achieved (4 cm) when shoots were excised and cultured on WPM supplemented with
0.44 μM BA and 0.29 μM GA3. In vitro regenerated shoots were rooted on WPM supplemented with 4.9 μM indole-3-butyric acid. A higher percentage regeneration response
and shoot numbers per explant were recorded on WPM supplemented with BA and GA3, than on MS medium containing BA and TDZ. Lower concentrations of BA and GA3 were required for shoot elongation and prevention of shoot tip necrosis. Each cotyledonary node yielded approximately 20
shoots within 12 wk. Rooted plantlets were successfully acclimatized. 相似文献
13.
In vitro bioreactor production of Echinacea purpurea L. was used to facilitate the screening of compounds capable of eliciting increased secondary metabolite production. Based on previous experience with various bioreactors, the Southern Sun Liquid Lab Rocker was selected for this study as it produces healthy, vigorous, whole plants. The focus of the present study was to quantify the concentration of the medicinally important secondary metabolites caftaric acid and cichoric acid and to study the effect of growth regulators on the production of these compounds in this system. Both marker compounds were produced at levels that compared favorably to field grown plants. Application of gibberellic acid (GA3), paclobutrazol, uniconazole and a combined treatment of GA3 with paclobutrazol to the in vitro plants generally increased the concentration of caftaric acid in the roots with little effect on the concentration in the shoots. The concentration of cichoric acid was higher in the roots of treated plants than in the roots of control plants, but lower in corresponding shoots. The present study highlights the use of in vitro production of whole plants as a model system for studying the regulation of plant secondary metabolism in a controlled environment. 相似文献
14.
An in vitro method for obtaining gingseng inflorescences directly from explants of gingseng (Panax ginseng) is reported. Isolated shoot-buds of somatic embryo-derived plantlets ginseng were used as explants and incubated in B5 medium supplemented with 1 mg l−1 benzyladenine (BA) and 1 mg l−1 gibberellic acid (GA3). About 15% of the buds flowered directly without developing vegetative organs. Cytokinin was found to be the key factor for inducing these isolated buds to proliferate and flower, but both these processes also occurred when benzyladenine (BA) was replaced by thidiazuron (TDZ). The optimal concentration of TDZ for obtaining the best ratios of bud proliferation and total flowering was 0.1 mg l−1, while the highest number of vegetative shoots was obtained in medium supplemented with 1 mg l−1 GA3 and 0.1 mg l−1 TDZ. The explant elongated abnormally in the presence of 10 mg l−1 GA3. Although a low concentration (1 mg l−1) of NAA increased the bud proliferation ratio in the medium supplemented with 0.1 mg l−1 TDZ and 1 mg l−1 GA3, a high concentration (5 mg l−1) of NAA reduced the bud proliferation ratio and inhibited the flowering. 相似文献
15.
Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) plants homozygous for the mutant pro gene, exhibiting the distinctive procera phenotype, appeared virtually identical to gibberellic acid (GA3)-treated isogenic normal plants. The pro gene and GA3 caused analogous increases in internode length, and in the length and number of cells in the outer cell layers of each internode. Internode number was also increased by pro and GA3 over the period of the experiment. Despite their greater length, the internodes of GA3-treated and pro plants reached their final size within a time period similar to that of internodes of untreated normal plants. The pro mutant itself was responsive to GA3, especially in the seedling stage, but the proportional increase in height seen in the later stages of growth was less than that of normal plants.Abbreviations GA
gibberellin
- GA3
gibberellic acid
- LSD
least significant difference 相似文献
16.
Takeno Kiyotoshi Taylor John S. Sriskandarajah S. Richard P. Pharis Michael G. Mullins 《Plant Growth Regulation》1982,1(4):261-268
The frequencies of adventitious root formation in vitro of isolated shoots from bud cultures of apple (Malus pumila cv. Jonathan) after 1, 7 and 31 subcultures (weeks 5, 29 and 109 after the initial culture) were 5, 78 and 95% respectively. Endogenous gibberellin-like substances (GA) were extracted, chromatographed on SiO2 partition columns, and assayed on dwarf rice (Oryza sativa cv. Tan-ginbozu). The levels of GA in shoots from the 1st, 7th and 31st subcultures were 40, 19 and 14 ng GA3 eq./g dry weight of tissue, respectively, a trend which suggests an inverse relationship between endogenous GA level and rooting ability. This is consistent with the fact that applied GA3 inhibits rooting in apple and many other species. The major peak of GA activity eluted coincidentally with GA1/GA3/GA19. Endogenous cytokinin-like substances (CK) were chromatographed on paper and assayed with soybean hypocotyl sections. In contrast to the decrease in GA activity, CK activity increased 1.5–2.7 fold in the later subcultures (cytokinin activity per shoot, however, declined). 相似文献
17.
The cell wall loosening enzymes viz. glycosidases, polygalacturonase and xylanase were analyzed in cytoplasmic and wall bound fractions extracted from control
and hormone (GA3 NAA, PAA) treated internodes, as they are known to play a key role in cell wall metabolism. Among the glycosidases, wall
bound β-glucosidase and α-galactosidase activities were significantly correlated with age of control internodes. Cytoplasmic
α-galactosidase showed significant correlation in hormone treated internodes. Maximum correlation was observed in GA3, followed by PAA and NAA. Wall bound xylanase activity was well correlated with length only in NAA treated internodes and
less after GA3 treatment while cytoplasmic xylanase showed correlation with intrnode length only in control and after NAA treatment. Cytoplasmic
polygalacturonase showed correlation with internode length only after GA3 treatment while wall bound polygalacturonase showed correlation with internode length after NAA treatment. The possible role
of these enzymes in internode development is discussed. 相似文献
18.
Abstract The effects of gibberellic acid (GA3) on whole sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) plants grown at three potassium (K) levels (0.0, 0.5 and 5.0 mM) were studied. A tenfold increase in the length of the first internode was observed when plants grown without K were treated with GA3. The uneven K distribution along the plant (higher K content in the higher internodes) was enhanced by GA3 treatment. Gibberellic acid increased the content of reducing sugars, especially in K-deficient plants. An increase in the K level in the nutrient solution resulted in a decrease of the osmotic potential of stem segments. Osmotic potential differences within the elongating first internode were increased by GA3 treatment. 相似文献
19.
The levels of the biologically active gibberellin (GA), GA1, and of its precursor, GA20, were monitored at several stages during ontogeny in the apical portions of isogenic tall (Le) and dwarf (le) peas (Pisum sativum L.) using deuterated internal standards and gas chromatography-selected ion monitoring. The levels of both GAs were relatively low on emergence and on impending apical arrest. At these early and late stages of development the internodes were substantially shorter than at intermediate stages, but were capable of large responses to applied GA3. Tall plants generally contained 10–18 times more GA1 and possessed internodes 2–3 times longer than dwarf plants. Further, dwarf plants contained 3–5 times more GA20 than tall plants. No conclusive evidence for the presence of GA3 or GA5 could be obtained, even with the aid of [2H2]GA3 and [2H2]GA5 internal standards. If GA3 and GA5 were present in tall plants, their levels were less than 0.5% and 1.4% of the level of GA1, respectively. Comparison of the effects of gene le on GA1 levels and internode length with the effects of ontogeny on these variables shows that the ontogenetic variation in GA1 content was sufficient to account for much of the observed variation in internode length within the wild-type. However, evidence was also obtained for substantial differences in the potential length of different internodes even when saturating levels of exogenous GA3 were present.Abreviations GAn
gibberellin An
We thank Noel Davies, Omar Hasan, Leigh Johnson, Katherine McPherson and Naomi Lawrence for technical help, Professor L. Mander (Australian National University, Canberra) for deuterated GA standards and the Australian Research Council for financial assistance. 相似文献
20.
Jean Carlos Cardoso Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2013,49(6):710-716
Zeyheria montana Mart. has become endangered, primarily because of deforestation of its habitat, its use as a medicinal plant extract, and the strong endemism of the species. In this study, an efficient protocol was established for the micropropagation and conservation of Z. montana germplasm using isolated mature zygotic embryos as explants. Embryos germinated in vitro 4 d after isolation and inoculation on modified Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 2.0 mg/l gibberellic acid (GA3). The addition of GA3 also improved the germination index and accelerated the process of germination. Nodal segments from seedlings were placed on modified ¼-strength MS medium containing 0.1 mg/l 6-benzyladenine and 0.5 mg/l GA3. Nodal segments produced 7.3 shoots per explant within 60 d. Following transfer of shoots to a medium containing 1.5 mg/l indole-3-butyric acid, roots formed. All plantlets obtained were successfully acclimatized under greenhouse conditions, and approximately 68.5 acclimatized plants could be obtained per seed each year. This protocol provides a method to preserve this rare and endangered medicinal plant. 相似文献