Occult posterolateral rotatory dislocation of the elbow with olecranon fracture in a child: a case report

ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: Acute posterolateral rotator elbow dislocation in a child is rare and can be easily misdiagnosed due to immaturity of the epiphysis. This is the first case of occult posterolateral rotator elbow dislocation in combination with an olecranon fracture. We report our experience with this case, which was not diagnosed correctly by plain radiographs. CASE PRESENTATION: An 11-year-old Asian boy suffered severe pain and swelling of his right elbow after his outstretched arm hit a car dashboard in a motor vehicle accident. Plain radiographs showed only a minimally displaced olecranon fracture and a tiny lateral epicondylar avulsion fracture. However, stress radiographs under general anesthesia revealed severe posterolateral rotatory instability. During surgery, we found that the cartilaginous lateral epicondylar apophysis was much larger than the epicondylar fragment on the radiographs. After the lateral epicondylar osteochondral fragment and lateral collateral ligament complex were fixed, the instability disappeared. CONCLUSION: Our experience with this case shows that it is important to check for instability with pediatric elbow fractures, because a tiny avulsion fracture was able to cause severe posterolateral rotatory instability in a child.     

BOLD钉治疗桡骨小头骨折的临床疗效分析

目的:报告BOLD钉治疗Mason II型、未累及桡骨颈的Mason III型桡骨小头骨折的临床疗效。方法:自2009年3月至2012年2月对25例Mason II型,12例Mason III型桡骨小头骨折均采用切开复位BOLD钉内固定。结果:所有患者术后均获得随访12-24个月,平均随访14个月,肘关节功能评分:Mason II型平均分94分(88-98分),其中,优20例,良3例,可2例,差0例,优良率92%;Mason III型平均分91分(80-95分)其中,优9例,良1例,可2例,差0例,优良率83.3%。结论:BOLD钉治疗Mason II型及未累及桡骨颈的Mason III型桡骨小头有手术操作简单,固定稳定,允许早期活动等优点,可以作为这类骨折治疗的新选择。     

双钢板治疗肱骨远端C型骨折的疗效及影响预后的相关因素分析

目的:研究双钢板治疗肱骨远端C型骨折的疗效,并探讨影响预后的相关因素。方法:选取2009年1月至2013年8月86例我院收治的肱骨远端C型骨折患者,按知情同意原则随机分为双钢板固定组(43例)及Y型钢板固定组(43例),2组患者均给予经尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路切开复位内固定术后再分别行双钢板及Y型钢板固定,记录两组患者的改良cassebaum肘关节评分、骨折愈合时间及并发症情况,并分析影响患者预后的相关因素。结果:双钢板固定组治疗的优良率高于Y型钢板固定组(P0.05),骨折愈合时间及并发症发生率均低于Y型钢板固定组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);骨折类型、合并损伤、内固定方法、术后功能锻炼是影响预后的因素(P0.05)。结论:双钢板的经尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路切开复位内固定术在治疗肱骨远端C型骨折患者时有良好的疗效,合并伤、内固定方法、骨折类型、术后锻炼是影响预后的因素,应针对性地采取措施。     

椎弓根螺钉置入内固定法治疗胸腰段骨折脱位的效果分析

目的:研究应用椎弓根螺钉置入内固定系统治疗胸腰段骨折脱位患者的临床效果。方法:回顾分析我院52例胸腰段骨折脱位患者临床资料,应用椎弓根螺钉置入内固定系统治疗,对比实施内固定前后及随访1年后脊柱损伤、骨折复位的恢复情况,Cobb角、前缘高度百分比、后缘高度百分比、矢状位指数、楔变指数、VAS评分。结果:各时期A级比例,无统计学意义(P0.05)。B-E级中,治疗后、随访1年与治疗前相较,差异具有显著性(P0.05),随访1年与治疗后相较,无统计学意义(P0.05)。后缘高度在治疗前后、随访1年中对比,无统计学意义(P0.05)。前缘高度、Cobb角在治疗后、随访1年中与治疗前相较,差异具有显著性(P0.05),前缘高度、Cobb角在治疗后、随访1年中对比,无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后、随访1年矢状位指数、楔变指数、VAS评分与治疗前相较,呈显著差异(P0.01),但随访1年与治疗后相较,无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:胸腰段骨折脱位患者应用椎弓根螺钉置入内固定系统治疗效果显著,应予推广。     

空心钉配合缝线张力带技术治疗移位的肱骨大结节骨折

目的:探讨使用空心钉配合缝线张力带技术治疗移位的肱骨大结节骨折的效果。方法:2008年3月-2010年3月,收治12例肱骨大结节骨折病人,男10例,女2例,年龄21-71岁,平均年龄46.3岁。其中8例摔伤,2例车祸外伤,2例运动中损伤并伴有盂肱关节脱位。受伤至手术时间5小时-1周。X线显示大结节骨折移位大于5mm。大结节骨折块采用空心钉配合5-Ethibond缝线构成的张力带技术进行固定。结果:患者伤口均一期愈合无感染等并发症发生,所有患者均获随访,随访时间9-33个月,平均14个月。X线显示术后2-4个月骨折愈合,平均2.5个月。美国加州大学洛杉矶分校评分标准评分为(33.65±3.83)分;优9例,良2例,可1例,优良率91.7%。结论:采用切开复位空心钉配合缝线张力带技术治疗肱骨大结节骨折疗效满意,功能恢复良好,疼痛缓解明显。     

颈椎后路复位CPSS内固定治疗下颈椎骨折脱位伴关节突绞锁的临床效果分析

目的:探讨单纯颈椎后路复位CPSS内固定治疗下颈椎骨折脱位伴关节突绞锁的临床效果。方法:选择2010年1月~2014年10月在我院接受治疗的下颈椎骨折脱位伴关节突绞锁患者95例,根据手术方法不同分为研究组与对照组。研究组采用单纯颈椎后路复位CPSS内固定治疗,而对照组采用单纯颈椎前路复位CPSS内固定治疗。观察并比较两组患者的手术效果及神经功能分级(ASIA)。结果:两组术前ASIA分级B、C、D的患者治疗后神经功能恢复较佳,A级患者治疗后仍为A级,但较术前明显改善。两组患者治疗前的ASAI等级在治疗后均有改善,研究组改善程度更明显,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组均未出现断钉或螺钉松动等并发症(P0.05);两组患者治疗后椎间隙显著增宽,且后路组优于前路组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。与术前比较,两组术后颈椎后凸畸形Cobb角均明显改善(P0.05),但组间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:单纯颈椎后路复位CPSS内固定治疗下颈椎骨折脱位伴关节突绞锁的临床效果显著,患者神经功能得到明显改善,且术后并发症少,值得推广应用。     

分阶段闭合复位微创内固定与解剖型钢板内固定术治疗Pilon 骨折的疗效比较

目的:对比分阶段闭合复位微创内固定与解剖型钢板内固定术治疗Pilon骨折的临床疗效。方法:选择自2013年4月至2015年8月我院骨科收治的Pilon骨折患者122例,按照随机数表法,将患者分为对照组和研究组,每组61例。对照组患者行解剖型钢板内固定术治疗,而研究组患者行分阶段闭合复位微创内固定术治疗。统计分析两组患者的手术指标,并通过放射学及踝关节功能共同评价手术效果,术后进行半年的随访,对比两组患者并发症的发生情况。结果:研究组患者的手术时间、出血量、骨折愈合时间及住院时间均明显低于对照组,且差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05);研究组患者放射学及踝关节功能的优良率显著高于对照组(P0.01);研究组患者并发症发生率为4.92%(3/61)明显低于对照组的14.75%(9/61)(2=5.194,P=0.031)。结论:相比解剖型钢板内固定术,分阶段闭合复位微创内固定术治疗Pilon骨折临床效果更显著,并并发症的发生率低,可以作为治疗Pilon骨折的首选方法之一,值得在临床上推广使用。     

Atypical Femoral Fracture in an Osteogenesis Imperfecta Patient Successfully Treated with Teriparatide

ObjectiveWe report a case of a successfully healed atypical femoral fracture (AFF) following treatment with teriparatide in a patient with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). To our knowledge, no successful treatment of AFFs with teriparatide in this subpopulation has ever been described.MethodsThis is a case report of an AFF treated with teriparatide.ResultsThe patient was treated with hormone replacement therapy for 18 years and bisphosphonates for 9 years before suffering a spontaneous AFF in the form of a dislocated noncomminute transverse fracture of the right femoral shaft, and an open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) with a T2 Femoral Nail was done. Due to nonunion and another fracture distal to the nail, the patient was reoperated on with exchange ORIF and off-label treatment with teriparatide 20 μg/day was started. An X-ray 1 month later showed early signs of fracture healing. A subsequent X-ray 6 months after the last operation showed a solid healing of both right femoral fractures.ConclusionThis is a rare case that highly suggests a potential fracture healing effect of teriparatide treatment and highlights a potential significant practical therapeutic consideration in relation to the management of AFF with delayed healing. (Endocr Pract. 2014;20:e187-e190)     

Intact radial and median nerve after open third degree distal fracture of the humerus

A 54 year old man sustained a third degree open fracture at the distal part of the right humerus with massive soft tissue defect involving most of the upper arm. The radial and median nerves were completely bared and exposed by 6 cm for radial and 3 cm for median nerve. The nerves were in continuity, but there was complete rupture of surrounding muscles: biceps, triceps and brachialis. The fracture was stabilized by external fixation method--reinforced by wires. Preoperative and postoperative sensorimotor status of the right hand was good. One year later sensory and motoric status of right hand showed no deficiencies, but flexion and extension in elbow were limited to 100 and 180 degrees respectively. Pronosupination was restricted. This case report is consistent with results of biomechanical studies in vitro confirming high tolerance of radial and median nerve to stretching injury.     

两种方法治疗桡骨远端骨折的疗效比较研究

目的:比较采用T形钢板内固定和闭合复位石膏外固定这两种方法治疗桡骨远端骨折的疗效研究。方法:选取我院2008年3月至2011年12月间的76例桡骨远端骨折患者,并按照治疗方法不同分为2组,41例患者进行T形钢板内固定,其余35例患者进行复位后石膏外固定。并借助X线对比分析桡骨远端骨折复位前后及临床愈合时桡骨腕关节的掌倾角、尺偏角及桡骨轴向缩短长度变化等数据,并根据改良的Shea评定法对临床疗效进行比较。结果:针对桡骨远端不稳定型骨折的患者,T形钢板内固定组的优良率要优于石膏外固定组的疗效(P<0.05);而对于稳定性桡骨远端骨折的患者,两组之间的优良率没有明显差异(P>0.05)。结论:对于桡骨远端不稳定骨折的患者,应优先选择T形钢板内固定手术方法,而对于稳定性骨折患者这两种治疗方法均可采用。     

不同类型的下颌骨骨折的手术治疗

目的：评估不同类型的下颌骨骨折的手术入路及固定方法。方法：对于52例不同类型下颌骨骨折患者采用不同的口外或口内切口及相应的固定方法。结果：52例患者伤口全部一期愈合,51例咬合关系恢复到伤前咬合关系,1例出现咬合关系不良,X线检查骨折线队位良好。结论：对于不同部位的下颌骨骨折应采用相应的手术切口及固定方法,以获得最好的疗效。     

外伤性颈椎骨折脱位的颈椎椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗及其临床疗效分析

目的：探讨颈椎椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗外伤性颈椎骨折脱位的临床疗效。方法：回顾性分析2010年6月至2012年7月我院采用颈椎椎弓根内固定治疗颈椎骨折脱位28例。损伤部位：C16例,C22例,C3～43例,C43例,C54例,C5～65例,C63例,C6～72例。脱位程度：I度脱位20例,II度脱位5例,III度脱位1例,Ⅳ度脱位2例。ASIA分级：A级2例,B级1例,C级3例,D级4例,E级17例。全部病例术前均行x线、CT及MRI检查并根据其结果行个体化椎弓根钉置入。术前和术后按ASIA神经功能评估方法评价手术疗效。结果：28例均获得8～18个月随访,平均随访12个月,随访期内无一例死亡。其中置入螺钉140枚,有128枚位置正确,12枚存在不同程度偏差,无手术相关并发症,无神经损伤加重。ASIA分级：A级3例中的1例恢复至D级,2例恢复至B级,B级1例恢复至C级,C级3例中的1例恢复至D级,2例恢复至E级,D级4例恢复至E级,E级17例仍为E级。结论：颈椎椎弓根钉内固定是治疗外伤性颈椎骨折脱位安全有效。     

老年股骨粗隆部不稳定骨折的治疗策略

目的:探讨老年患者股骨粗隆不稳定骨折的治疗方案。方法:选取近几年收治的56例老年粗隆部粉碎性不稳定骨折患者,分别采用了内固定和人工关节置换手术治疗,其中内固定36例,人工关节置换20例。结果:本组平均随访24个月,内固定组出现2例内置物断裂,再次人工关节置换,2例感染,1例清创后好转,1例取出内置物后创口方愈合;人工关节组1例术后关节脱位。术后harris评分内固定组75.6,人工关节组85.6。结论:老年患者,不同程度骨质疏松,较多都伴有不同程度的基础疾病,粗隆部粉碎骨折内置物选择及治疗难度大,人工关节置换对于功能康复及降低并发症等都有明显的优势。     

Callus Formation and Mineralization after Fracture with Different Fixation Techniques: Minimally Invasive Plate Osteosynthesis versus Open Reduction Internal Fixation

Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis(MIPO) has been considered as an alternative for fracture treatment. Previous study has demonstrated that MIPO technique has the advantage of less soft tissue injury compared with open reduction internal fixation (ORIF). However, the comparison of callus formation and mineralization between two plate osteosynthesis methods remains unknown. In this experiment, ulna fracture model was established in 42 beagle dogs. The fractures underwent reduction and internal fixation with MIPO or ORIF. Sequential fluorescent labeling and radiographs were applied to determine new callus formation and mineralization in two groups after operation. At 4, 8 and 12 weeks postoperatively, the animals were selected to be sacrificed and the ulna specimens were analyzed by Micro-CT. The sections were also treated with Masson staining for histological evaluation. More callus formation was observed in MIPO group in early stage of fracture healing. The fracture union rate has no significant difference between two groups. The results indicate that excessive soft tissue stripping may impact early callus formation. As MIPO technique can effectively reduce soft tissue injury with little incision, it is considered to be a promising alternative for fracture fixation.     

A new classification of palatal fracture and an algorithm to establish a treatment plan

Palatal fractures have previously been classified according to the anatomic location of the fracture line, which is helpful for understanding the types of palatal fracture, but which is insufficient for helping the surgeon to decide which fracture to open and how to do so. The purpose of this study was to aid in the establishment of a precise treatment plan by determining the surgical approach and the types of stabilization that should be used for different types of palatal fracture.In a retrospective review of 136 consecutive Le Fort maxillary fractures over 6 years, 18 patients (13.2 percent) with palatal fractures were analyzed. The principle of open reduction and internal fixation was applied to all the patients. In six patients (33 percent), exploration and fixation was done in the palatal surface. Eight patients (44 percent) needed an extended period of immobilization (4 to 6 weeks). No major complications were observed during the follow-up period.An algorithm was devised to help establish a proper treatment plan, and palatal fractures were classified into four types: closed reduction, anterior treatment, anterior and palatal treatment, and combined. The key elements considered in deciding the treatment principle and the classification of a palatal fracture were the possibility of closed reduction, surgical exposure, site of rigid fixation, and stability of fractured segments after rigid fixation. The outcome of reconstruction and the postoperative course differed depending on the type of palatal fracture. This classification scheme provided an easy and simple way to establish a treatment plan and was helpful in learning the treatment principles of palatal fracture.     

PHILOS钢板治疗老年肱骨近端冠状面骨折初探

目的:探讨采用PHILOS钢板治疗肱骨近端冠状面骨折手术治疗的早期临床疗效。方法:对2005年4月至2014年5月我院收治的9例肱骨近端冠状面骨折患者予以切开复位钢内固定治疗,采用DASH评分,生活质量评价量表(SF-36),Constant-Murley评分以及加利福尼亚洛杉矶大学肩关节评分(UCLA Score)对患者进行功能评价。结果:纳入患者平均年龄为63.5±3.2岁(53~82岁),男性2例,女性7例,根据Neer分型,单纯二部分骨折5例,二部分骨折伴肩关节脱位4例。术后随访12~22个月,平均14.2±3.2个月。9例患者均得到随访。所有患者肱骨近端骨折均愈合,骨折愈合时间12~18周,平均12.7±2.5周,末次随访时,7例无明显肩关节疼痛,2例有轻微疼痛,Constant评分平均87.0±4.2分;DASH评分平均20.9±2.5分,加州大学肩关节评分系统(UCLA)平均31.3±2.1;SF-36评分平均分,影像学结果显示:末次随访肱骨头高度平均丢失1.7±0.4 mm,颈干角度平均为126±13°。结论:采用切开复位钢板内固定对于肱骨近端冠状面骨折早期临床疗效良好,远期疗效有待进一步评价。     

微创经皮钢板联合锁定加压钢板固定术治疗胫骨干骺端骨折的临床疗效

目的:探讨微创经皮钢板固定技术(MIPPO)与锁定加压钢板(LCP)治疗胫骨干骺端骨折的临床疗效。方法:选择2013年6月-2015年6月在我院接受手术治疗的胫骨干骺端骨折患者103例作为研究对象,根据手术方法不同将所选患者分为三组。其中,联合手术组(35例)患者采用MIPPO联合LCP内固定术治疗,外固定组(33例)患者采用超关节外固定支架术治疗,内固定术组(35例)患者采用切开复位钢板内固定术治疗。观察并比较三种手术方法的临床效果及对患者骨关节功能的影响。结果:与外固定术组及内固定术组比较,联合手术组患者的手术时间短,术中出血量少,骨折愈合时间早,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);联合手术组患者的手术优良率高于外固定组和内固定组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);内固定组手术优良率高于外固定组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);联合手术组患者术后并发症的发生率低于外固定组及内固定组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);外固定组与内固定组术后并发症的发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:MIPPO联合LCP内固定治疗胫骨干骺端骨折具有手术切口小、术中出血量少、术后并发症发生率低、骨折愈合快、关节功能恢复较好等优点,是治疗胫骨干骺端骨折的理想方法,值得临床推广应用。     

桡骨远端不稳定骨折的治疗策略

目的：探讨桡骨远端不稳定骨折的最佳治疗方案,以便能够获取更好的功能康复。方法：2007年1月-2011年12月共收治桡骨远端不稳定骨折51例,其中采用外支架撑开复位外固定5例,后路复位钢板内固定治疗23例,前路钢板固定17例,前后路联合固定6例,术后均早期进行关节功能锻炼。结果：51例均获得随访,X片提示均已骨性愈合。采用Gartland和Werley评分系统评估腕关节功能,其中外支架固定,优1例,良1例,中2例,差1例,优良率40％;后路固定,优12例,良6例,中3例,差2例,优良率78-3％;前路固定,优9例,良6例,中1例,差1例,优良率88．2％;前后路联合,优2例,良1例,中2例。差1例,优良率50％。结论：桡骨远端不稳定骨折正确的手术策略能够获得更好的功能恢复,其中前路手术固定效果优于后路固定。     

不同方法修复Pilon骨折的临床疗效比较

目的:比较不同方法修复Pilon骨折的临床疗效。方法:选取我院收治的Pilon骨折患者156例为研究对象,根据手术方法不同,将患者分成研究组和对照组,每组78例。研究组给予分步延期切开复位内固定手术治疗,对照组给予有限内固定结合外固定的手术治疗。观察并比较两组患者的踝关节功能、术中出血量、骨折愈合时间、住院时间以及术后不良反应的发生情况等。结果:与术前比较,两组患者术后踝关节功能均获得改善,且研究组踝关节功能优秀率高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);研究组患者术中出血量、骨折愈合时间、住院时间均明显低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);研究组不良反应发生率低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:分步延期切开复位内固定手术治疗pilon骨折的临床效果显著,是临床治疗pilon骨折的理想方案。但在临床实践中,应根据患者病情选择合适的治疗方案。     

经皮骶髂关节空心螺钉内固定联合支架外固定与切开复位重建钢板内固定治疗Tile B、C型骨盆骨折的比较研究

摘要 目的：对比经皮骶髂关节空心螺钉内固定联合支架外固定与切开复位重建钢板内固定治疗Tile B、C型骨盆骨折的临床效果。方法：选取本院2018年3月至2021年10月收治的Tile B、C型骨盆骨折患者共68例进行前瞻性研究。将纳入患者按随机数字表法分为经皮骶髂关节空心螺钉内固定联合支架外固定治疗（观察组）与切开复位重建钢板内固定治疗（对照组），每组各34例。比较两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术后早期疼痛视觉模拟评分（VAS）、住院时间及术后早期并发症发生率；此外随访6个月，观察患者术后Matta影像学评分标准优良率（Matta优良率）、Majeed骨盆骨折功能评分（Majeed评分）和术后骨折愈合时间，另记录术后6个月时两组术后并发症发生情况。结果：两组手术时间、术后3天VAS评分、术后7天VAS评分、住院时间及术后骨折愈合时间比较均未见明显差异（P>0.05）；观察组术中出血量明显少于对照组，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组术后3个月时Matta优良率和Majeed评分均优于对照组，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05），但两组术后6个月比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；观察组的术后早期并发症发生率低于对照组，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）；术后6个月时两组并发症情况无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：两种方法治疗Tile B、C型骨盆骨折均可取得良好疗效，但切开复位重建钢板内固定方法仍保功能恢复良好的优点，而经皮骶髂关节空心螺钉内固定联合支架外固定具有低并发症发生率，更利于提升术后早期恢复效果。