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Dinesh DS Das ML Picado A Roy L Rijal S Singh SP Das P Boelaert M Coosemans M 《PLoS neglected tropical diseases》2010,4(10):e859
Objectives
To investigate the DDT and deltamethrin susceptibility of Phlebotomus argentipes, the vector of Leishmania donovani, responsible for visceral leishmaniasis (VL), in two countries (India and Nepal) with different histories of insecticide exposure.Methods
Standard WHO testing procedures were applied using 4% DDT and 0.05% deltamethrin impregnated papers. The effect of the physiological status (fed and unfed) of females on the outcome of the bioassays was assessed and the optimal time of exposure for deltamethrin was evaluated on a colony population. Field populations from both countries were tested.Results
Fed and unfed females responded in a similar way. For exposure time on field samples 60 min was adopted for both DDT and deltamethrin. In Bihar, knockdown and mortality with DDT was respectively 20 and 43%. In Nepal almost all sand flies were killed, except at the border with Bihar (mortality 62%). With 0.05% deltamethrin, between 96 and 100% of the sand flies were killed in both regions.Conclusions
Based on literature and present data 4% DDT and 0.05% deltamethrin seem to be acceptable discriminating concentrations to separate resistant from susceptible populations. Resistance to DDT was confirmed in Bihar and in a border village of Nepal, but the sand flies were still susceptible in villages more inside Nepal where only synthetic pyrethroids are used for indoor spraying. The low effectiveness of indoor spraying with DDT in Bihar to control VL can be partially explained by this resistance hence other classes of insecticides should be tested. In both countries P. argentipes sand flies were susceptible to deltamethrin. 相似文献3.
Shunsuke Adachi Yukiko Tsuru Motohiko Kondo Toshio Yamamoto Yumiko Arai-Sanoh Tsuyu Ando Taiichiro Ookawa Masahiro Yano Tadashi Hirasawa 《Annals of botany》2010,106(5):803-811
Background and Aims
The rate of photosynthesis in paddy rice often decreases at noon on sunny days because of water stress, even under submerged conditions. Maintenance of higher rates of photosynthesis during the day might improve both yield and dry matter production in paddy rice. A high-yielding indica variety, ‘Habataki’, maintains a high rate of leaf photosynthesis during the daytime because of the higher hydraulic conductance from roots to leaves than in the standard japonica variety ‘Sasanishiki’. This research was conducted to characterize the trait responsible for the higher hydraulic conductance in ‘Habataki’ and identified a chromosome region for the high hydraulic conductance.Methods
Hydraulic conductance to passive water transport and to osmotic water transport was determined for plants under intense transpiration and for plants without transpiration, respectively. The varietal difference in hydraulic conductance was examined with respect to root surface area and hydraulic conductivity (hydraulic conductance per root surface area, Lp). To identify the chromosome region responsible for higher hydraulic conductance, chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) derived from a cross between ‘Sasanishiki’ and ‘Habataki’ were used.Key Results
The significantly higher hydraulic conductance resulted from the larger root surface area not from Lp in ‘Habataki’. A chromosome region associated with the elevated hydraulic conductance was detected between RM3916 and RM2431 on the long arm of chromosome 4. The CSSL, in which this region was substituted with the ‘Habataki’ chromosome segment in the ‘Sasanishiki’ background, had a larger root mass than ‘Sasanishiki’.Conclusions
The trait for increasing plant hydraulic conductance and, therefore, maintaining the higher rate of leaf photosynthesis under the conditions of intense transpiration in ‘Habataki’ was identified, and it was estimated that there is at least one chromosome region for the trait located on chromosome 4. 相似文献4.
N. van Gurp L. J. M. Boonman-De Winter D. W. Meijer Timmerman Thijssen H. E. J. H. Stoffers 《Netherlands heart journal》2013,21(9):399-405
Background
Open access echocardiography has been evaluated in the United Kingdom, but hardly in the Netherlands. The echocardiography service of the SHL-Groep in Etten-Leur was set up independently from the regional hospitals. Cardiologists not involved in the direct care of the participating patients evaluated the echocardiograms taken by ultrasound technicians.Aims
We estimated the reduction in the number of referrals to regional cardiologists, the adherence of the general practitioners (GPs) to the advice of the evaluating cardiologist, GPs’ opinion on the benefit of the echocardiography service and GPs’ adherence to the diagnostic protocol advocated in the Dutch clinical guideline for heart failure.Methods
A prospective cohort study was performed. Patients were included from April 2011 to April 2012 (N = 155). Data from application forms (N = 155), echocardiography results (N = 155) and telephone interviews with GPs (N = 138) were analysed.Results
GPs referred less patients to the cardiologist than they would have done without echocardiography available (92 % vs. 34 %, p < 0.001). They treated more patients by themselves (62 % vs. 10 %, p < 0.001). Most GPs (81 %) followed the advice presented on the echocardiogram result. Most GPs (82 %) found the service had clinical benefit for the patient. Sixty two percent of echocardiography requests met the criteria of the Dutch clinical guideline for heart failure.Conclusion
Open access echocardiography saved referrals to the cardiology department, saved time, and enabled GPs to treat more patients by themselves. Adherence to diagnostic guidelines for heart failure was suboptimal. 相似文献5.
Hanafy M. Ismail Vijay Kumar Rudra P. Singh Christopher Williams Pushkar Shivam Ayan Ghosh Rinki Deb Geraldine M. Foster Janet Hemingway Michael Coleman Marlize Coleman Pradeep Das Mark J. I. Paine 《PLoS neglected tropical diseases》2016,10(1)
Background
Indoor residual spraying (IRS) of DDT is used to control visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in India. However, the quality of spraying is severely compromised by a lack of affordable field assays to monitor target doses of insecticide. Our aim was to develop a simple DDT insecticide quantification kit (IQK) for monitoring DDT levels in an operational setting.Methodology/ principle findings
DDT quantification was based on the stoichiometric release of chloride from DDT by alkaline hydrolysis and detection of the released ion using Quantab chloride detection strips. The assay was specific for insecticidal p,p`-DDT (LoQ = 0.082 g/m2). Bostik discs were effective in post spray wall sampling, extracting 25–70% of active ingredient depending on surface. Residual DDT was sampled from walls in Bihar state in India using Bostik adhesive discs and DDT concentrations (g p,p`-DDT/m2) were determined using IQK and HPLC (n = 1964 field samples). Analysis of 161 Bostik samples (pooled sample pairs) by IQK and HPLC produced excellent correlation (R2 = 0.96; Bland-Altman bias = −0.0038). IQK analysis of the remaining field samples matched HPLC data in identifying households that had been under sprayed, in range or over sprayed.Interpretation
A simple dipstick assay has been developed for monitoring DDT spraying that gives comparable results to HPLC. By making laboratory-based analysis of DDT dosing accessible to field operatives, routine monitoring of DDT levels can be promoted in low- and middle- income countries to maximise the effectiveness of IRS. 相似文献6.
Vis JC De Bruin-Bon HA Bouma BJ Huisman SA Imschoot L van den Brink K Mulder BJ 《Netherlands heart journal》2012,20(6):264-269
Objective
Physical fitness is reduced in adults with Down syndrome (DS). The present study was conducted to elucidate the exercise response in adults with DS.Design
Case controlled before-after trial.Setting
Residential centre for people with intellectual disabilities.Participants
96 Adults with DS, 25 non-DS adults with an intellectual disability, 33 controls.Interventions
Echocardiography to exclude heart defects and to measure cardiac index (CI) in the supine position, supine position with raised legs, and following ten knee bends.Main outcome measure
Exercise testingResults
At rest, mean CI was not significantly different between persons with DS and controls (2.3 vs. 2.4 l/min/m2, p = 0.3). However, mean CI after exercise was significantly lower in DS (2.9 vs. 3.7 l/min/m2, p < 0.001) and mean CI increase from rest to exercise was more than 50% lower in DS. On the contrary, CI after exercise was similar among controls and non-DS adults with an intellectual disability. Significantly lower stroke volumes in DS were found with insufficient heart rate response.Conclusions
CI at rest was similar in adults with DS and controls; however persons with DS have a diminished cardiac response to exercise. Stroke volumes were significantly lower in DS during exercise and a compensated heightened heart rate was absent. 相似文献7.
W. M. C. Koenraadt N. Grewal O. Y. Gaidoukevitch M. C. DeRuiter A. C. Gittenberger-de Groot M. M. Bartelings E. R. Holman R. J. M. Klautz M. J. Schalij M. R. M. Jongbloed 《Netherlands heart journal》2016,24(2):127-133
Background
The clinical course of bicuspid aortic valves (BAVs) is variable. Data on predictors of aortopathy and valvular dysfunction mainly focus on valve morphology.Aim
To determine whether the presence and extent of the raphe (fusion site of valve leaflets) is associated with the degree of aortopathy and valvular dysfunction in patients with isolated BAV and associated aortic coarctation (CoA).Methods
Valve morphology and aortic dimensions of 255 BAV patients were evaluated retrospectively by echocardiography.Results
BAVs with a complete raphe had a significantly higher prevalence of valve dysfunction (especially aortic regurgitation) than BAVs with incomplete raphes (82.9 vs. 66.7 %, p = 0.01). Type 1A BAVs (fusion of right and left coronary leaflets) and complete raphe had larger aortic sinus diameters compared with the rest of the population (37.74 vs. 36.01, p = 0.031). Patients with CoA and type 1A BAV had significantly less valve regurgitation (13.6 vs. 55.8 %, p < 0.001) and smaller diameters of the ascending aorta (33.7 vs. 37.8 mm, p < 0.001) and aortic arch (25.8 vs. 30.2 mm, p < 0.001) than patients with isolated BAV.Conclusions
Type 1A BAV with complete raphe is associated with more aortic regurgitation and root dilatation. The majority of CoA patients have incomplete raphes, associated with smaller aortic root diameters and less valve regurgitation. 相似文献8.
Background and Aims
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum can attack >400 plant species worldwide. Very few studies have investigated host–pathogen interactions at the plant surface and cellular level in resistant genotypes of oilseed rape/canola (Brassica napus).Methods
Infection processes of S. sclerotiorum were examined on two B. napus genotypes, one resistant cultivar ‘Charlton’ and one susceptible ‘RQ001-02M2’ by light and scanning electron microscopy from 2 h to 8 d post-inoculation (dpi).Key Results
The resistant ‘Charlton’ impeded fungal growth at 1, 2 and 3 dpi, suppressed formation of appresoria and infection cushions, caused extrusion of protoplast from hyphal cells and produced a hypersensitive reaction. At 8 dpi, whilst in ‘Charlton’ pathogen invasion was mainly confined to the upper epidermis, in the susceptible ‘RQ001-02M2’, colonization up to the spongy mesophyll cells was evident. Calcium oxalate crystals were found in the upper epidermis and in palisade cells in susceptible ‘RQ001-02M2’ at 6 dpi, and throughout leaf tissues at 8 dpi. In resistant ‘Charlton’, crystals were not observed at 6 dpi, whereas at 8 dpi they were mainly confined to the upper epidermis. Starch deposits were also more prevalent in ‘RQ001-02M2’.Conclusions
This study demonstrates for the first time at the cellular level that resistance to S. sclerotiorum in B. napus is a result of retardation of pathogen development, both on the plant surface and within host tissues. The resistance mechanisms identified in this study will be useful for engineering disease-resistant genotypes and for developing markers for screening for resistance against this pathogen. 相似文献9.
M. Yu Y.-J. Zhou Z.-J. Wang D.-M. Shi Y.-Y. Liu Y.-X. Zhao Y.-H. Guo W.-J. Cheng Y.-P. Li H.-Y. Ma 《Netherlands heart journal》2011,19(10):418-422
Background
Chinese sirolimus-eluting stents (SES) have been widely used in recent years. However, the comparison of clinical outcomes between Chinese and foreign SES remains unknown.Objectives
To compare the outcomes of Chinese SES (Firebird) with foreign SES (Cypher Select) in the treatment of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Methods
4000 consecutive patients treated with SESs from January 2008 to December 2009 were included in this study. Based on the differences of the stents, the patients were divided into a Chinese SES group (Firebird; n = 2008) and a foreign SES group (Cypher Select; n = 1992). Outcomes were monitored for 1 year. The primary clinical endpoint was major adverse cardiac events (MACE): a composite of death, non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI) and target-vessel revascularisation (TVR).Results
No differences were observed in the incidence of MACE (17.8% vs. 18.6%, p = 0.514) and TVR rate (9.0% vs. 8.6%, p = 0.632) during 1-year follow-up.Conclusions
Chinese SES and foreign SES have similar effects on 1-year clinical outcomes and safety. 相似文献10.
Objectives
To investigate the order in which 85 year olds develop difficulty in performing a wide range of daily activities covering basic personal care, household care and mobility.Design
Cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from a cohort study.Setting
Newcastle upon Tyne and North Tyneside, UK.Participants
Individuals born in 1921, registered with participating general practices.Measurements
Detailed health assessment including 17 activities of daily living related to basic personal care, household care and mobility. Questions were of the form ‘Can you …’ rather than ‘Do you…’ Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to confirm a single underlying dimension for the items and Mokken Scaling was used to determine a subsequent hierarchy. Validity of the hierarchical scale was assessed by its associations with known predictors of disability.Results
839 people within the Newcastle 85+ study for whom complete information was available on self-reported Activities of Daily Living (ADL). PCA confirmed a single underlying dimension; Mokken scaling confirmed a hierarchic scale where ‘Cutting toenails’ was the first item with which participants had difficulty and ‘feeding’ the last. The ordering of loss differed between men and women. Difficulty with ‘shopping’ and ‘heavy housework’ were reported earlier by women whilst men reported ‘walking 400 yards’ earlier. Items formed clusters corresponding to strength, balance, lower and upper body involvement and domains specifically required for balance and upper/lower limb functional integrity.Conclusion
This comprehensive investigation of ordering of ability in activities in 85 year olds will inform researchers and practitioners assessing older people for onset of disability and subsequent care needs. 相似文献11.
Background
Hypertension is an increasing health issue in sub-Saharan Africa where malaria remains common in pregnancy. We established a birth cohort in Nigeria to evaluate the early impact of maternal malaria on newborn blood pressure (BP).Methods
Anthropometric measurements, BP, blood films for malaria parasites and haematocrit were obtained in 436 mother-baby pairs. Women were grouped to distinguish between the timing of malaria parasitaemia as ‘No Malaria’, ‘Malaria during pregnancy only’ or ‘Malaria at delivery’, and parasite density as low (<1000 parasites/µl of blood) and high (≥1000/µl).Results
Prevalence of maternal malaria parasitaemia was 48%, associated with younger maternal age (p<0.001), being primigravid (p = 0.022), lower haematocrit (p = 0.028). High parasite density through pregnancy had the largest effect on mean birth indices so that weight, length, head and mid-upper arm circumferences were smaller by 300 g, 1.1 cm, 0.7 cm and 0.4 cm respectively compared with ‘No malaria’ (all p≤0.005). In babies of mothers who had ‘malaria at delivery’, their SBPs adjusted for other confounders were lower respectively by 4.3 and 5.7 mmHg/kg compared with ‘malaria during pregnancy only’ or ‘none’. In contrast the mean newborn systolic (SBP) and diastolic BPs (DBP) adjusted for birth weight were higher by 1.7 and 1.4 mmHg/kg respectively in babies whose mothers had high compared with low parasitaemia.Conclusions
As expected, prenatal malarial exposure had a significant impact on fetal growth rates. Malaria at delivery was associated with the lowest newborn BPs while malaria through pregnancy, which may attenuate growth of the vascular network, generated higher newborn BPs adjusted for size. These neonatal findings have potential implications for cardiovascular health in sub-Saharan Africa. 相似文献12.
Liu YH Cao JS Li GJ Wu XH Wang BG Xu P Hu TT Lu ZF Patrick JW Ruan YL 《Annals of botany》2012,109(7):1277-1284
Background and Aims
Coordination of sugar transport and metabolism between developing seeds and their enclosing fruit tissues is little understood. In this study the physiological mechanism is examined using two genotypes of asparagus bean (Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedialis) differing in pod wall and seed growth rates. Pod growth dominates over seed growth in genotype ‘Zhijiang 121’ but not in ‘Zhijiang 282’ in which a ‘bulging pod’ phenotype is apparent from 8 d post-anthesis (dpa) onward.Methods
Seed and pod wall growth rates and degree of pod-bulging were measured in the two genotypes together with assays of activities of sucrose-degrading enzymes and sugar content in pod wall and seed and evaluation of cellular pathways of phloem unloading in seed coat using a symplasmic fluorescent dye, 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein (CF).Key Results
Activities of cell wall, cytoplasmic and vacuolar invertases (CWIN, CIN and VIN) were significantly smaller in pod walls of ‘282’ than in ‘121’ at 10 dpa onwards. Low INV activities were associated with weak pod wall growth of ‘282’. In seed coats, CF was confined within the vasculature in ‘282’ but moved beyond the vasculature in ‘121’, indicating apoplasmic and symplasmic phloem unloading, respectively. Higher CWIN activity in ‘282’ seed coats at 6–8 dpa correlated with high hexose concentration in embryos and enhanced early seed growth. However, CWIN activity in ‘282’ decreased significantly compared with ‘121’ from 10 dpa onwards, coinciding with earlier commencement of nuclei endoreduplication in their embryos.Conclusions
The study shows genotypic differences between ‘bulging pod’ and ‘non-bulging’ phenotypes of asparagus bean in sucrose metabolism in relation to the pathway of phloem unloading in developing seed coats, and to pod and seed growth. Low INV activity in pod wall corresponds to its shortened and weak growth period; by contrast, the apoplasmic path in the seed coat is associated with high CWIN activity and strong early seed growth. 相似文献13.
Kortekaas KA Lindeman JH Versteegh MI Stijnen T Dion RA Klautz RJ 《Netherlands heart journal》2012,20(5):202-207
Background
Heart failure is characterised as a strong risk factor for systemic failure after cardiac surgery. However, the impact has never been substantiated.Methods
Patients with heart failure (n = 48) - scheduled for elective ventricular reconstruction or external constraint device-were compared with a one-to-one matched control group of patients without heart failure undergoing cardiac surgery between 2006 and 2009.Results
As expected, patients with heart failure more frequently experienced complications definitely related to pump failure (p = 0.01). However, complications not related to their pump failure were also more often observed, such as prolonged mechanical ventilation, sepsis and vasoplegia (p = 0.01). Overall, organ dysfunction-circulatory, renal, and pulmonary failure-was often observed in heart failure patients, contributing to a prolonged stay in the intensive care unit (p < 0.001) as well as in hospital (p = 0.01).Conclusion
The adverse postoperative course in patients with heart failure is not only directly related to circulatory failure, but merely reflects a systemic dysregulation. Our findings suggest that heart failure impacts outcome and should therefore be included in prevailing risk classification systems. Offensive perioperative treatment strategies, focused on the main complications in patients with heart failure, will lead to improved results after cardiac surgery.Electronic supplementary material
The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s12471-012-0257-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献14.
Relationships between xylem vessel characteristics, calculated axial hydraulic conductance and size-controlling capacity of peach rootstocks 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Sergio Tombesi R. Scott Johnson Kevin R. Day Theodore M. DeJong 《Annals of botany》2010,105(2):327-331
Background and Aims
Previous studies indicate that the size-controlling capacity of peach rootstocks is associated with reductions of scion water potential during mid-day that are caused by the reduced hydraulic conductance of the rootstock. Thus, shoot growth appears to be reduced by decreases in stem water potential. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of reduced hydraulic conductance in size-controlling peach rootstocks.Methods
Anatomical measurements (diameter and frequency) of xylem vessels were determined in shoots, trunks and roots of three contrasting peach rootstocks grown as trees, each with different size-controlling characteristics: ‘Nemaguard’ (vigorous), ‘P30-135’ (intermediate vigour) and ‘K146-43’ (substantially dwarfing). Based on anatomical measurements, the theoretical axial xylem conductance of each tissue type and rootstock genotype was calculated via the Poiseuille–Hagen law.Key Results
Larger vessel dimensions were found in the vigorous rootstock (‘Nemaguard’) than in the most dwarfing one (‘K146-43’) whereas vessels of ‘P30-135’ had intermediate dimensions. The density of vessels per xylem area in ‘Nemaguard’ was also less than in ‘P30-135’and ‘K146-43’. These characteristics resulted in different estimated hydraulic conductance among rootstocks: ‘Nemaguard’ had higher theoretical values followed by ‘P30-135’ and ‘K146-43’.Conclusions
These data indicate that phenotypic differences in xylem anatomical characteristics of rootstock genotypes appear to influence hydraulic conductance capacity directly, and therefore may be the main determinant of dwarfing in these peach rootstocks.Key words: Prunus, rootstock, vessel diameter, hydraulic conductance, dwarfing, xylem anatomy, Poiseuille–Hagen 相似文献15.
Context
Medical educational reform includes enhancing role modelling of clinical teachers. This requires faculty being aware of their role model status and performance. We developed the System for Evaluation of Teaching Qualities (SETQ) to generate individualized feedback on previously defined teaching qualities and role model status for faculty in (non) academic hospitals.Objectives
(i) To examine whether teaching qualities of faculty were associated with their being seen as a specialist role model by residents, and (ii) to investigate whether those associations differed across residency years and specialties.Methods & Materials
Cross-sectional questionnaire survey amongst 549 Residents of 36 teaching programs in 15 hospitals in the Netherlands. The main outcome measure was faculty being seen as specialist role models by residents. Statistical analyses included (i) Pearson''s correlation coefficients and (ii) multivariable logistic generalized estimating equations to assess the (adjusted) associations between each of five teaching qualities and ‘being seen as a role model’.Results
407 residents completed a total of 4123 evaluations of 662 faculty. All teaching qualities were positively correlated with ‘being seen as a role model’ with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.49 for ‘evaluation of residents’ to 0.64 for ‘learning climate’ (P<0.001). Faculty most likely to be seen as good role models were those rated highly on ‘feedback’ (odds ratio 2.91, 95% CI: 2.41–3.51), ‘a professional attitude towards residents’ (OR 2.70, 95% CI: 2.34–3.10) and ‘creating a positive learning climate’ (OR 2.45, 95% CI: 1.97–3.04). Results did not seem to vary much across residency years. The relative strength of associations between teaching qualities and being seen as a role model were more distinct when comparing specialties.Conclusions
Good clinical educators are more likely to be seen as specialist role models for most residents. 相似文献16.
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Vasan SK Neville MJ Antonisamy B Samuel P Fall CH Geethanjali FS Thomas N Raghupathy P Brismar K Karpe F 《PloS one》2011,6(6):e21331
Background
A feature of the Asian Indian phenotype is low birth weight with increased adult type 2 diabetes risk. Most populations show consistent associations between low birth weight and adult type 2 diabetes. Recently, two birth weight-lowering loci on chromosome 3 (near CCNL1 and ADCY5) were identified in a genome-wide association study, the latter of which is also a type 2 diabetes locus. We therefore tested the impact of these genetic variants on birth weight and adult glucose/insulin homeostasis in a large Indian birth cohort.Methodology/Principal Findings
Adults (n = 2,151) enrolled in a birth cohort (established 1969-73) were genotyped for rs900400 (near CCNL1) and rs9883204 (ADCY5). Associations were tested for birth weight, anthropometry from infancy to adulthood, and type 2 diabetes related glycemic traits. The average birth weight in this population was 2.79±0.47 kg and was not associated with genetic variation in CCNL1 (p = 0.87) or ADCY5 (p = 0.54). Allele frequencies for the ‘birth weight-lowering’ variants were similar compared with Western populations. There were no significant associations with growth or adult weight. However, the ‘birth weight-lowering’ variant of ADCY5 was associated with modest increase in fasting glucose (β 0.041, p = 0.027), 2-hours glucose (β 0.127, p = 0.019), and reduced insulinogenic index (β -0.106, p = 0.050) and 2-hour insulin (β -0.058, p = 0.010).Conclusions
The low birth weight in Asian Indians is not even partly explained by genetic variants near CCNL1 and ADCY5 which implies that non-genetic factors may predominate. However, the ‘birth-weight-lowering’ variant of ADCY5 was associated with elevated glucose and decreased insulin response in early adulthood which argues for a common genetic cause of low birth weight and risk of type 2 diabetes. 相似文献18.
Impact of temperature and atmospheric pressure on the incidence of major acute cardiovascular events
Verberkmoes NJ Soliman Hamad MA Ter Woorst JF Tan ME Peels CH van Straten AH 《Netherlands heart journal》2012,20(5):193-196
Background
The impact of meteorological conditions on the occurrence of various cardiovascular events has been reported internationally. Data about the Dutch situation are limited.Objectives
We sought to find out a correlation between weather conditions and the incidence of major acute cardiovascular events such as type A acute aortic dissection (AAD), acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and acutely presented abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAA).Methods
Between January 1998 and February 2010, patients who were admitted to our hospital (Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Netherlands) because of AAD (n = 212), AMI (n = 11389) or AAAA (n = 1594) were registered. These data were correlated with the meteorological data provided by the Royal Dutch Meteorological Institute (KNMI) over the same period.Results
During the study period, a total number of 11,412 patients were admitted with AMI, 212 patients with AAD and 1593 patients with AAAA. A significant correlation was found between the daily temperature and the number of hospital admissions for AAD. The lower the daily temperature, the higher the incidence of AAD (p = 0.002). Lower temperature was also a predictor of a higher incidence of AMI (p = 0.02). No significant correlation was found between daily temperature and onset of AAAA.Conclusions
Cold weather is correlated with a higher incidence of AAD and AMI. 相似文献19.
Objective
We examined the association between density of healthcare providers and patient outcomes using a large nationally representative cohort of patients receiving combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) in Uganda.Design
We obtained data from The AIDS Support Organization (TASO) in Uganda. Patients 18 years of age and older who initiated cART at TASO between 2004 and 2008 contributed to this analysis. The number of healthcare providers per 100 patients, the number of patients lost to follow-up per 100 person years and number of deaths per 100 person years were calculated. Spearman correlation was used to identify associations between patient loss to follow-up and mortality with the healthcare provider-patient ratios.Results
We found no significant associations between the number of patients lost to follow-up and physicians (p = 0.45), nurses (p = 0.93), clinical officers (p = 0.80), field officers (p = 0.56), and healthcare providers overall (p = 0.83). Similarly, no significant associations were observed between mortality and physicians (p = 0.65), nurses (p = 0.49), clinical officers (p = 0.73), field officers (p = 0.78), and healthcare providers overall (p = 0.73).Conclusions
Patient outcomes, as measured by loss to follow-up and mortality, were not significantly associated with the number of doctors, nurses, clinical officers, field officers, or healthcare providers overall. This may suggest that that other factors, such as the presence of volunteer patient supporters or broader political or socioeconomic influences, may be more closely associated with outcomes of care among patients on cART in Uganda. 相似文献20.
Hongmei Nan Edward L. Giovannucci Kana Wu Jacob Selhub Ligi Paul Bernard Rosner Charles S. Fuchs Eunyoung Cho 《PloS one》2013,8(4)