尖吻蝮蛇毒无出血活性纤维蛋白溶解酶对动物凝血功能的影响

为探讨尖吻蝮蛇毒无出血活性纤维蛋白溶解酶 (NHFLE)对动物凝血功能的影响 ,作者应用家兔、大鼠作动物体内外实验观察 NHFLE对血小板聚集的影响及对凝血功能的影响 ,分别测定了纤维蛋白含量、全血凝固时间(CT)、活化的部分凝血酶原时间 (APTT)、凝血酶时间 (PT)和优球蛋白溶解时间 (ELT)、凝血酶时间 (TT)以及血小板聚集率等。结果无论是体外法还是体内法 ,尖吻蝮蛇毒 NHFLE都能明显延长 CT、 APTT、 PT、 TT,缩短 ELT的溶解时间 ,明显降低纤维蛋白原的含量 ,给药后 30 min纤维蛋白原降低最明显 ,但对血小板聚集均无抑制作…     

溃疡性结肠炎对凝血-纤溶系统激活现象的探讨

目的:通过对活动期和缓解期溃疡性结肠炎(UC)患者凝血和纤溶系统各指标的检测和对比,探讨肠炎对凝血-纤溶系统的激活作用。方法:以20名缓解期溃疡性结肠炎患者为对照,检测20名活动期溃疡性结肠炎患者体内凝血和纤溶系统各指标,包括血小板计数、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶时间(TT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、凝血因子Ⅻ、Ⅺ、Ⅹ、Ⅸ、Ⅷ、Ⅶ、Ⅴ、Ⅱ,纤维蛋白原和D二聚体(D-D)。结果:活动期溃疡性结肠炎患者体内凝血因子Ⅺ、Ⅹ、Ⅸ、Ⅷ、Ⅴ、Ⅱ因子以及血浆纤维蛋白原、D-二聚体水平显著高于非活动期患者,其他指标没有显著差别。结论:活动期溃疡性结肠炎患者凝血-纤溶系统处于激活状态,提示肠炎可以激活凝血-纤溶系统。     

适配子纤维蛋白靶向性验证及其抗凝活性测定

目的:验证适配子G81的纤维蛋白靶向性,评估适配子对凝血系统的影响。方法:以复钙法制备鼠源、人源体外纤维蛋白,将不同浓度Cy5.5标记的适配子溶液与之孵育,置于激光共聚焦显微镜下以固定的参数成像,用ImageJ软件进行相对荧光强度分析;将适配子G81溶液加入血浆中,通过倍比稀释法得到含浓度梯度适配子的血浆,采用SYSMEX CS-5100全自动血凝仪检测PT、APTT、TT,评估适配子G81对凝血功能的影响。结果:激光共聚焦显微镜显示适配子能与纤维蛋白结合,随着加入适配子量的增加其相对荧光强度逐渐增强,表明适配子可与纤维蛋白结合,统计分析提示荧光强度与适配子存在量效关系;人源、鼠源纤维蛋白结合的荧光强度无统计学差异(P0.05)。在抗凝活性检测中,血浆中适配子G81浓度达到200 pmoL/mL时,各浓度统计分析结果均显示P0.05,表明适配子对PT、APTT、TT的测量均没有统计学差异上的影响。结论:适配子G81具有纤维蛋白靶向性,且当加入的适配子剂量低于200 pmol/mL时对内、外源性凝血功能、凝血酶时间均无明显影响。     

藕节止血作用研究

本实验通过测定毛细管凝血时间(CT)、剪尾法出血时间(BT)、活化部分凝血酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、凝血酶时间(TT)、优球蛋白溶解时间(ELT)等指标研究藕节醇提物及其不同极性段的体内止血作用.结果表明,藕节醇提物显著缩短小鼠CT、BT,显示很好的止血作用,可能是主要通过缩短APTT、PT,延长ELT...     

蛇伤凉血合剂对尖吻蝮蛇咬伤患者凝血四项的影响

目的观察蛇伤凉血合剂对尖吻蝮蛇咬伤的临床疗效。方法将60例尖吻蝮蛇咬伤患者随机分为观察组和对照组各30例,两组患者均给予常规治疗,治疗组加服蛇伤凉血合剂,观察比较两组患者就诊时(咬伤2h内)、咬伤后72h凝血酶时间(TT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血酶原时间(APTT)、纤维蛋白原(Fg)的变化。结果两组患者就诊时TT、PT、APTT、Fg均在正常范围,两组比较差异无统计学意义。伤后72h,两组患者的TT、PT、APTT均升高,Fg均降低,而且组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论蛇伤凉血合剂对尖吻蝮蛇咬伤所致凝血功能障碍有防治作用。     

超高龄患者填充骨水泥型人工股骨头置换术后的凝血功能 变化及意义

目的:观察骨水泥填充对人工股骨头置换术术后超高龄老年患者凝血系统的影响。方法:选择80岁以上骨水泥型人工股骨头置换术患者29例,于术前、术后当天及术后第3天空腹抽取静脉血,测定凝血功能相关指标,包括凝血酶原时间(PT)、部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶时间(TT)、凝血酶原活动度(PTA)、国际标准化比值(INR)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)、D二聚体(DD)、抗凝血酶Ⅲ(ATⅢ)、血小板(PLT)水平,并对结果进行比较分析。结果:患者术后当天FIB、DD、显著升高(P<0.05),ATⅢ降低(P<0.05),提示高凝状态,且纤溶亢进,此时段TT、PT延长(P<0.05),血小板明显降低,提示存在出血风险;术后第3天TT、PT显著延长(P<0.05),ATⅢ恢复到术前水平,FIB,DD水平较手术后当天下降,提示术后第3天有明显的出血倾向,凝血与纤溶系统逐渐恢复平衡。结论:骨水泥型人工股骨头置换术对80岁以上超高龄患者凝血功能有显著影响,术后当天高凝状态、纤溶亢进,存在潜在出血风险,术后第3天有明显出血倾向,提示高龄患者术后应适当补充凝血因子且须谨慎使用抗凝药物。     

烙铁头蛇毒纤维蛋白原溶酶研究——Ⅱ.对纤维蛋白原及凝血酶的作用

烙铁头(T.mucrosquamatus)蛇毒纤维蛋白原溶酶TMVFg能水解三肽底物Bz-Phe-Val-Arg-PNA,但对凝血酶的良好底物Cbz-Gly-Pro-Arg-PNA却活性甚低。TMVFS显著延长血浆凝血酶时间。血浆复钙时间及纤维蛋白原溶液凝血酶时间。同时,TMVFg体外也能延长全血凝固时间,表明具有抗凝作用。纤维蛋白原-纤维蛋白转换实验表明:TMVFg水解纤维蛋白原产生的纤维蛋白原断片(FDP)除具有抗凝血酶,抑制纤维蛋白聚合活性外,还能促进纤维蛋白的聚合。 进一步用FPLC分离TMVFg水解人纤维蛋白原混合液,得两个FDP断片功能峰,FDP组分Ⅰ和FDP组分Ⅱ。其中FDP组分Ⅰ能抑制纤维蛋白凝块形成;FDP组分Ⅱ能促进纤维蛋白凝块形成,抑制TMVA(烙铁头蛇毒血小板活化素,它可不通过ADP、花生四烯酸途径而诱导血小板聚集),但对ADP诱导的家兔血小板聚集无影响。TMVFg对凝血酶水解三肽底物Cbz-Gly-Pro-Arg-PNA及凝固纤维蛋白原的活性也有一定抑制作用。 实验证明,TMVFg抗凝的主要作用机理是其水解纤维蛋白原产生的断片对纤维蛋白原凝固的抑制作用、FDP断片抗凝血酶作用及TMVFg本身对凝血酶活性的抑制所引起的,但在二者之间,前者是主要的。 从研究结果发现:TMVFg水解纤维蛋白原所产生的断片有一类能加速凝血酶凝固纤维蛋白原的过程,这就发现了FDP断片的     

Sysmex-CA 7000全自动凝血仪性能评价

目的:评价Sysmex-CA7000全自动凝血仪的性能。方法:选择活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶时间(TT)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)、凝血酶原时间(PT)四个常用凝血检测项目分别从仪器检测准确性、精密度,抗干扰性及参考范围几方面对SysmexCA7000凝血仪进行性能验证。结果:四个项目准确性验证结果均符合厂家要求(CV%5%),但低值样本PT(CV3.13%)和TT(CV3.36%)准确性不及其他几个项目;批内和批间精密度检测均满足厂家要求,且除PT外其余三个项目远低于厂家要求CV%;参考范围验证和抗干扰能力结果显示四个检测项目均较理想。结论:Sysmex CA7000凝血仪具有检测准确性好、精密度高、检测范围宽、抗干扰能力强等特点,值得临床推广应用。     

弥漫性血管内凝血产妇围术期凝血与纤溶系统指标的检测及临床意义

目的:探讨弥漫性血管内凝血(DIC)产妇围术期凝血与纤溶系统指标检测的临床意义。方法:选择2017年1到2017年12月在我院接受治疗的DIC孕妇57例(DIC组)为研究对象,采取分层抽样的方法选择同期在我院进行产检的正常孕妇57例(健康孕妇组)及在我院体检的健康非孕妇57例(非孕妇组)作为对照,比较各组凝血酶原时间(PT)、凝血酶时间(TT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)、D-二聚体(D-D)及血小板计数(PLT)变化,根据DIC组的治疗结果分为有效组和无效组,并比较两亚组治疗前PT、TT、APTT、FIB、D-D、PLT,采用Pearson相关分析法分析DIC组治疗前各检测指标间的相关性。结果:与健康孕妇组、非孕妇组比较,DIC组PT、TT、APTT延长(P0.05),D-D水平升高(P0.05),FIB、PLT水平降低(P0.05);与非孕妇组比较,健康孕妇组PT、TT、APTT缩短(P0.05),D-D水平降低(P0.05),FIB、PLT水平升高(P0.05)。DIC组患者治疗后有效组治疗前的PT、TT、APTT短于无效组(P0.05),D-D水平低于无效组(P0.05);FIB、PLT水平高于无效组(P0.05)。Pearson相关分析结果显示,除PT与APTT之间无明显相关性(P0.05)外,其他凝血、纤溶系统指标之间均存在一定的相关性(P0.05)。结论:DIC孕妇围术期凝血与纤溶系统指标异常改变,检测凝血与纤溶系统指标对DIC孕妇的诊疗具有重要意义。     

蝮蛇毒蛋白C激活物对凝血系统的影响

目的研究蝮蛇毒纯化蛋白C激活物(PCA)的抗凝机制。方法测定PCA对正常人混浆KPTT、PT、TT的影响,对血液凝血活酶生成试验(BTGT)及PA二期法的影响以及对白兔的KPTT和Fgn的影响。结果PCA在最终浓度为0.025mg/L时对正常人混浆KPTT可明显延长,但PT和TT不受影响;当它的浓度增加到50mg/L,PT也可延长,但TT依然无明显变化;最终浓度为0.0125mg/L时,血液凝血活酶生成明显受抑制;当它的浓度增加到2.5mg/L,凝血酶生成显著减少,但抗凝血酶时间始终无明显变化;PCA可明显延长白兔的KPTT。结论PCA在低浓度时首先抑制凝血系统第一阶段内凝途径,在高浓度时也妨碍外凝途径或共同途径,BTGT和PA二期法比KPTT和PT敏感;PCA具有体内抗凝作用。     

Anticoagulant properties of a sulfated galactan preparation from a marine green alga, Codium cylindricum

An anticoagulant was isolated from a marine green alga, Codium cylindricum. The anticoagulant was composed mainly of galactose with a small amount of glucose, and was highly sulfated (13.1% as SO3Na). The anticoagulant properties of the purified anticoagulant were compared with that of heparin by assays of activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT) and thrombin time (TT) using normal human plasma. The anticoagulant showed similar activities with heparin, however, weaker than heparin. On the other hand, the anticoagulant did not affect PT even at the concentration at which APTT and TT were strongly prolonged. The anticoagulant did not potentiate antithrombin III (AT III) and heparin cofactor II (HC II), thus the anticoagulant mechanism would be different from that of other anticoagulants isolated so far from the genus Codium.     

Anticoagulant properties of a sulfated galactan preparation from a marine green alga, Codium cylindricum

An anticoagulant was isolated from a marine green alga, Codium cylindricum. The anticoagulant was composed mainly of galactose with a small amount of glucose, and was highly sulfated (13.1% as SO Na). The anticoagulant properties of the purified anticoagulant were compared with that of heparin by assays of activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT) and thrombin time (TT) using normal human plasma. The anticoagulant showed similar activities with heparin, however, weaker than heparin. On the other hand, the anticoagulant did not affect PT even at the concentration at which APTT and TT were strongly prolonged. The anticoagulant did not potentiate antithrombin III (AT III) and heparin cofactor II (HC II), thus the anticoagulant mechanism would be different from that of other anticoagulants isolated so far from the genus Codium.     

An anticoagulant proteoglycan from the marine green alga, Codium pugniformis

An anticoagulant isolated from the marine green alga Codium pugniformis was composed mainly of glucose with minor amounts of arabinose and galactose. It was highly sulfated (326 μg mg^-1 polysaccharide) and contained protein(52 μg mg^-1 polysaccharide) and was thus a proteoglycan. The anticoagulant properties of the purified proteoglycan were compared with those of heparin by studying the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT) and thrombin time(TT) using normal human plasma. The proteoglycan showed similar activities to heparin, but was weaker than heparin. On the other hand, the proteoglycan did not affect PT even at the concentration at which APTT and TT were prolonged. The anticoagulation mechanism of this proteoglycan was due to the direct inhibition of thrombin and the potentiation of antithrombin III. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mannich bases of scutellarein as thrombin-inhibitors: Design,synthesis, biological activity and solubility

Two series of 8-aminomethylated derivatives were prepared by Mannich reaction of scutellarein (2) with appropriate aliphatic amines, alicyclic amines and formaldehyde. All the compounds were tested for their thrombin inhibition activity through the analyzation of prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT) and fibrinogen (FIB). The antioxidant activities of these target products were assessed by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl) hydrazyl (DPPH) assay using 3-(4,5)-dimethylthiahiazo (-z-y1)-3,5-di-phenytetrazoliumromide (MTT) assay method and the solubility were assessed by ultraviolet (UV). The results showed that morpholinyl aminomethylene substituent derivative (3d) demonstrated stronger anticoagulant activity, better water solubility and good antioxidant activity compared with scutellarein (2), which warrants further development as a agent for ischemic cerebrovascular disease treatment.     

Heparinoid-active two sulfated polysaccharides isolated from marine green algae Monostroma nitidum

Two sulfated polysaccharides WF1 and WF3 were isolated from marine green algae Monostroma nitidum, and their structural characteristics were determined. Anticoagulant activities of WF1 and WF3 were evaluated by assays of the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), prothrombin time (PT), antithrombin and anticoagulation factor Xa activities. The results showed that WF1 and WF3 had similar high contents of rhamnose, whereas their sulfate contents, sulfation positions, molecular sizes and linkage patterns of rhamnose residues were different. The bioassay results demonstrated that WF1 and WF3 had high anticoagulant activities, and were potent thrombin inhibitors mediated by heparin cofactor II, especially WF3. They also hastened thrombin and coagulation factor Xa inhibition by potentiating antithrombin III, but at a lower effectiveness. The differences of anticoagulant activities between WF1 and WF3 were directly due to their structural features discrepancy.     

Experimental study on anticoagulant and antiplatelet aggregation activity of a chemically sulfated marine polysaccharide YCP

A polysaccharide YCP was prepared from a marine filamentous fungus Keissleriella sp. YS4108, which exhibited as a molecular weight (Mw) of 2.4x10(3) kDa and its three sulfated derivatives (YCP-SL, YCP-SM and YCP-SH) were synthesized, the degree of substitution (DS) of which were determined to be 0.13, 0.99 and 1.3, with the average molecular weight 0.64x10(3), 0.57x10(3) and 0.45x10(3) kDa, respectively. Anticoagulant activity and antiplatelet aggregation activity of these sulfated derivates were evaluated by activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), thrombin time (TT) and platelet aggregation assay. The results showed that YCP sulfates significantly prolonged APTT, TT and PT. The derivates showed no effects on thrombin in the presence or in the absence of antithrombin III (AT III) or heparin cofactor II (HC II), while the derivates effectively inhibited factor Xa in the presence of AT III. At the same time, YCP-SH also possessed potent antiplatelet aggregation activity in vitro compared with aspirin. YCP sulfates specifically interfered with different stages of the coagulation cascade, and the anticoagulant activity improved with the increasing DS and decreased Mw.     

Influence of functional groups on the in vitro anticoagulant activity of chitosan sulfate

A new method for the chemical modification of chitosan sulfate was used to prepare N-propanoyl-, N-hexanoyl- and N,O-quaternary substituted chitosan sulfate. Structural analysis by elemental analysis, FTIR, 13C NMR, and 1H NMR spectroscopy, and gel-permeation chromatography showed that these methods could conveniently be used for the introduction of functional groups. The influences of the acyl or quaternary groups on the anticoagulant activity of the polysaccharides were studied with respect to activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) thrombin time (TT), and prothrombin time (PT). The propanoyl and hexanoyl groups increased the APTT activity, and the propanoyl groups also increased the TT anticoagulant activity slightly, while the N,O-quaternary chitosan sulfate showed only a slight TT coagulant activity.     

Preparation and anticoagulant activity of N-succinyl chitosan sulfates

In order to develop a promising substitute for heparin, N-succinyl chitosan (NSC) was chemically modified by sulfating agent N(SO(3)Na)(3), which were synthesized with sodium bisulfite and sodium nitrite in aqueous solution. The N-succinyl chitosan sulfates (NSCS) products were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and (13)C NMR. The degree of substitution (DS) of NSCS depended on the ratio of sulfating agent to N-succinyl chitosan, reaction temperature, reaction time and pH of sulfation agent. N-succinyl chitosan sulfates with DS of 1.97 were obtained under optimal conditions. The in vitro coagulation assay of NSCS was determined by activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT) and thrombin time (TT) assays. The results showed that NSCS obviously prolonged APTT. The anticoagulant activity strongly depended on DS, molecular weight (M(w)) and concentration of NSCS. The anticoagulant activity of NSCS promoted with the increase of DS and concentration, and NSCS exhibited the best anticoagulant activity with the M(w) of 1.37×10(4).     

Fibrinolytic and antithrombotic protease from Spirodela polyrhiza

A fibrinolytic protease was purified from a Chinese herb (Spirodela polyrhiza). The protease has a molecular mass of 145 kDa and 70 kDa in gel filtration and SDS-polyacrlamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), respectively, implying it is a dimer. Its optimum pH was 4.5-5.0. The enzyme was stable below 42 degrees C and after lyophilization. The enzyme activity was inhibited significantly by leupeptin and aprotinin. The protease hydrolyzed not only fibrin but also fibrinogen, cleaving Aalpha and Bbeta without affecting the gamma chain of fibrinogen. It preferentially cleaved the peptide bond of Arg or Lys of synthetic substrates (P1 position). The enzyme had an anticoagulating activity measured with activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), and prothrombin time (PT) tests. It delayed APTT, TT, and PT two times at the concentration of 36, 39, and 128 nM, respectively and this was drastically reduced after heat treatment.     

Synthesis and anticoagulant activity of the quaternary ammonium chitosan sulfates

Quaternary ammonium chitosan sulfates with diverse degrees of substitution (DS) ascribed to sulfate groups between 0.52 and 1.55 were synthesized by reacting quaternary ammonium chitosan with an uncommon sulfating agent (N(SO₃Na)₃) that was prepared from sodium bisulfite (NaHSO₃) through reaction with sodium nitrite (NaNO₂) in the aqueous system homogeneous. The structures of the derivatives were characterized by FTIR, ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR. The factors affecting DS of quaternary ammonium chitosan sulfates which included the molar ratio of NaNO₂ to quaternary ammonium chitosan, sulfated temperature, sulfated time and pH of sulfated reaction solution were investigated in detail. Its anticoagulation activity in vitro was determined by an activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) assay, a thrombin time (TT) assay and a prothrombin time (PT) assay. Results of anticoagulation assays showed quaternary ammonium chitosan sulfates significantly prolonged APTT and TT, but not PT, and demonstrated that the introduction of sulfate groups into the quaternary ammonium chitosan structure improved its anticoagulant activity obviously. The study showed its anticoagulant properties strongly depended on its DS, concentration and molecular weight.