湖北药用辛夷一新种

辛夷是辛温解表传统常用中药,有着两干多年的使用历史和大量文献记载。其商品来源于木兰科木兰属(Magnolia)多种植物的花蕾。其味辛性温,具散风寒、通鼻窍等功能,用于鼻炎、鼻窦炎、风寒头痛等症。作者在收集辛夷商品中,发现远安产辛夷不同于《中华人民共和国药典(1985年版)》及其他文献所载的辛夷商品。依据在产地     

辛夷与木兰名实新考

辛夷与木兰是中国传统的中药材 ,也是传统的树种名称 ,栽培历史悠久。通过对辛夷与木兰进行认真细致地考证 ,首次提出 :1辛夷 L assonia quinquepeta Buc'hoz是望春玉兰 Yulania biondii(Pam p.) D.L.Fu,不是紫玉兰 Y.liliiflora(Desr.) D.L.Fu;2辛夷药材泛指玉兰属 Yulania Spach树种的干燥花蕾 ,玉兰属植物可统称为辛夷植物 ;3木兰是木莲 Manglietia fordiana Oliv.或黄心夜合 Michelia martinii(H.Lév.) Finet & Gagnep.ex H.Lév.等 ,不为玉兰属树种。纠正了现代有关工具书、植物学专著、药学专著及高等院校教材等广为认同的“辛夷即木兰、木兰即紫玉兰”的错误观点。     

河南木兰属新植物

据古今药物书籍,记载木兰属(Magnolia L.)植物的花蕾可作为辛夷药材的种类有:紫玉兰(M.liliflora Desr.)、望春玉兰(M.bicndii Pamp.)、玉兰(M.denudata Desr.)、武当木兰、(M.sprengeri Pamp.)、厚朴(M.officinalis Rehd.et Wils.)滇藏木兰(M.campbellii Hook.f.et Thoms.)等。紫玉兰以往被认为是辛夷药材正品。历史上药物的混乱品种,经过医药界长期的筛选,有的品种被陶汰,有的愈选愈好。河南省科学院生物所等十一个单位对望春玉兰进行系统的研究。证明望春玉兰是辛夷药材中最好的一种。     

厚朴与凹叶厚朴的抗逆性

本文根据西安夏季高温干旱、冬季严寒的气候特点,采用田间栽培、抗逆生理特性测定和抗旱形态特征比较等方法,对引种的国家三级保护植物厚朴(Magnolia officinalis Rehd.et Wils.)和凹叶厚朴(M.officinalis subsp.biloba(Rehd.et Wils.)Cheng et Law)的抗逆性进行了探讨,并用已适应西安气候多年的辛夷(M.liliflora Desr.)作对照。结果表明:两种植物均能在西安越冬,但只有在供水充足和适当遮荫条件下才能顺利越夏。凹叶厚朴的抗逆性强于厚朴,但它们的抗旱抗热性均较辛夷弱。     

安徽几种辛夷的挥发油成份及其繁殖栽培

对安徽５种辛夷的挥发油含量进行了测定;对紫玉兰、黄山木兰、天目木兰３种辛夷的挥发油成份进行了定性分析和百分含量测定。通过不同砧木、不同方法、不同时间的嫁接试验,表明以夏季芽接和秋季腹接成活率较高,且以后者在生产中具有推广应用价值：辛夷栽培则应突出增施磷肥,促进花蕾孕育和生长。     

望春玉兰形态变异观察研究

木兰科植物望春玉兰Magnolio biondii Pamp.的干燥花蕾是治疗鼻炎的名贵药材辛夷。望春玉兰主要分布于河南的南召县与鲁山县之间的皇城幔,年产辛夷20多万公斤,占全国年产量的70%以上。为提高辛夷产量,选育良种,笔者对望春玉兰的形态变异作了观察研究。1.观察地点、方法及自然条件     

复方辛夷滴鼻液联合氯雷他定治疗儿童变应性鼻炎的疗效及对患儿免疫功能指标的影响

目的:研究复方辛夷滴鼻液联合氯雷他定治疗儿童变应性鼻炎的疗效及对患儿免疫功能指标的影响。方法:选取2016年10月至2017年10月在我院接受诊治的126例变应性鼻炎患儿作为研究对象,参照随机数表法分成对照组、研究组,每组各63例。对照组患儿仅接受氯雷他定治疗,研究组患儿接受复方辛夷滴鼻液联合氯雷他定治疗,两组均持续治疗2个月。对比两组患儿的治疗效果及治疗前后CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+、CD4~+/CD8~+、血清白细胞介素-4(IL-4)、γ-干扰素(IFN-γ)水平的变化。结果:治疗后,研究组治疗总有效率[95.2%(60/63)]显著高于对照组[81.0%(51/63)],差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患儿的CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+水平均高于治疗前,且研究组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患儿的CD8~+水平均低于治疗前,且研究组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患儿的血清IL-4水平均低于治疗前,且研究组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患儿的血清IFN-γ水平均高于治疗前,且研究组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:复方辛夷滴鼻液联合氯雷他定治疗儿童变应性鼻炎的临床效果显著优于单用氯雷他定治疗,其能有效减轻机体炎症水平,提高机体免疫功能。     

不同产地独活挥发油化学成分的比较研究

中药独活为伞形科植物重齿毛当归 (Angelicapubescens Maxim.f.biserrata Shan et Yuan)的干燥根。性微温 ,味辛、苦。具有祛风、除湿、止痛等功效 [1,2 ] ,药材因产地分布、性状差异而形成不同的商品独活。浙独活为野生的重齿毛当归的干燥根 ,商品主产地为浙江天目山等地 ;资丘独活主产区分布于湖北宜昌地区的长阳、五峰等县 ;四川达县地区和万县地区所产的独活称为川独活。独活挥发油的成分已有报道 (样品为湖北恩施地区出产的独活 ) [3 ] 。我们运用 GC- MS- DS检测分析 3种商品独活的主要成分 ,比较其差异 ,现将结果报告如下。1　材…     

不同饵料对史氏鲟仔鱼消化酶活性的影响

用活饵料(水丝蚓)、商品饵料、添加消化酶制剂的商品饵料、活饵料与商品饵料交替使用(对照组)来投喂10～40日龄(DPH,Day＿past＿hatch)的史氏鲟仔鱼。其中对照组仔鱼体内蛋白酶活性和商品饵料组及添加消化酶组的差异极显著(P<0.01),与活饵料组差异不显著(P>0.05),活饵料组仔鱼蛋白酶活性与商品饵料组差异极显著(P<0.01),与添加消化酶组差异显著(P<0.05),商品饵料组和添加消化酶组之间仔鱼的蛋白酶活性差异不显著(P>0.05);各饵料组仔鱼的淀粉酶活性差异均不显著(P>0.05);活饵料组和对照组仔鱼的脂肪酶活力与商品饵料及添加消化酶组仔鱼的脂肪酶活性差异极显著(P<0.01),在这两组之间,仔鱼的脂肪酶活性差异均不显著(P>0.05)。     

致蛋鸡血管瘤J亚群禽白血病病毒cDNA全序列分析

【目的】了解近年来我国商品蛋鸡群中以血管瘤为主要表型的J亚群禽白血病病毒(Avian Leukosis Virus subgroup J,ALV-J)的分子生物学特性,为控制ALV-J在鸡群中流行提供基础资料。【方法】采用PCR扩增和序列分析技术,对分离自血管瘤或者血管瘤与髓样细胞瘤(Myeloid Leukosis,ML)并存的3株蛋鸡ALV-J毒株前病毒DNA的全序列及3株商品蛋鸡血管瘤型分离毒和1株商品蛋鸡ML型分离毒的致瘤关键性序列进行研究。【结果】来自血管瘤或者血管瘤与ML并存的商品蛋鸡分离毒株与来自肉鸡分离毒株的全序列差异明显,在遗传进化树上分属两个大的分支;研究发现商品蛋鸡血管瘤及ML混合病例分离毒JS09GY3与JS09GY6株的引物结合位点(Primer Binding Site,PBS)-Leader中出现极为罕见的连续19bp的插入突变,其与劳斯相关病毒1(Rous Associated Virustype1,RAV-1)、劳斯相关病毒2(Rous Associated Virustype2,RAV-2)及劳斯肉瘤病毒施密特-鲁宾二氏[Rous sarcoma virus(strain Schmidt-RuppinB),RSV-SRB]毒株序列相同;通过对U3区调控元件的分析,发现血管瘤商品蛋鸡病例分离毒NHH与JS09GY5的U3区各发生1处连续序列缺失,出现了极为独特的c-Est-1、TCF11及C/EBP结合位点,这些调控元件可能与病毒的致肿瘤特性相关;所测的5株血管瘤商品蛋鸡分离毒均保留完整E元件,而所有肉鸡分离毒的E元件均发生了几乎相同的大部分序列缺失;首次发现血管瘤商品蛋鸡分离毒JS09GY3的E元件中有11bp的连续插入序列。【结论】商品蛋鸡血管瘤型ALV-J与肉鸡分离毒在全序列上差异明显,U3、DR1和E元件等区域有一部分特殊的突变与毒株的宿主类型和肿瘤表型有一定关系,其功能尚需进一步研究。而血管瘤型、髓细胞瘤型ALV-J可能是ALV-J与其它反转录病毒的重组毒。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.