Cyclin D1与细胞周期调控

细胞周期是细胞生命活动中一个最重要的过程,其关键是G1 期的启动.细胞周期蛋白(Cyclin)、细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶(CDKs)和CDK抑制因子(CKIs)是参与钿胞周期调控的主要因子.Cyclin D1是调控细胞周期G1期的关键蛋白,是一个比其他Cyclins更加敏感的指标,对细胞周期调控至关重要.综述Cyclin D1的结构和功能及其在肿瘤组织中的表达特征,初步分析Cyclin D在昆虫细胞周期调控的研究.     

Evidence for the occurrence of the opioid octapeptide dynorphin-(1–8) in the neurointermediate pituitary of rats

Evidence is provided for the existence of the opioid peptide dynorphin-(1–8) in the neurointermediate pituitary of rats. The octapeptide was isolated by immunoadsorption to antibodies directed against porcine dynorphin-(1–13) followed by a variety of chromatographic separation procedures. The identity of the purified material with dynorphin-(1–8) was indicated by the following criteria: comigration with synthetic dynorphin-(1–8) on gelfiltration chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography systems and liberation of a peptide with the same chromatographic behavior as leucine-enkephalin after sequential cleavage with trypsin and carboxypeptidase B.Radioimmunological estimations revealed that dynorphin-(1–8) is a major dynorphin-related opioid peptide in the pituitary of rats.     

Cyclin D1在膀胱癌中的表达及意义

目的探讨细胞因子CyclinD1在膀胱癌中的表达及临床意义。方法收集武汉大学人民医院病理科2000-2006年有完整临床和病理资料的膀胱癌存档蜡块50例和5例癌旁组织,采用免疫组织化学S-P法检测50例膀胱癌和5例癌旁组织中CyclinD1的表达水平,分析了CyclinD1与临床分期,病理分级的关系。采用HPIAS-1000高清晰度彩色病理图文报告管理系统,对CyclinD1的表达进行定量分析,并用SPSS13.0软件对各组免疫组织化学反应阳性颗粒的平均光密度、阳性面积率做单因素方差分析和SNK(q)检验。结果 CyclinD1在膀胱癌中呈高表达,癌旁组织中呈低表达,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。图像分析结果显示:膀胱癌与癌旁组织之间,CyclinD1的平均光密度及阳性面积率有显著性差异(P<0.05),经统计学分析,CyclinD1表达与膀胱癌病理分级临床分期无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论 CyclinD1在膀胱癌中的异常表达可能参与膀胱癌的发生、发展过程。     

Cyclin D1在人皮肤血管瘤不同时期的表达

目的　探讨cyclinD1蛋白在血管瘤发生、发展及退化过程中的表达状况及其意义。方法　采用免疫组织化学方法 (S P法 )检测人皮肤血管瘤增生期、退化期及正常皮肤组织中cyclinD1的表达水平 ,并结合第Ⅷ因子相关抗原的免疫组织化学染色证实表达cyclinD1的细胞是血管内皮细胞。利用计算机图像分析技术测量不同时期血管瘤组织和正常皮肤组织cyclinD1表达的平均光密度和平均阳性面积率。结果　增生期血管瘤内皮细胞cyclinD1表达水平高于退化期 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 ) ,退化期血管瘤内皮细胞cyclinD1表达水平与正常皮肤组织相比 ,差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　cyclinD1通过促进血管瘤内皮细胞增殖和血管生成而在血管瘤的形成过程中起重要作用。     

慢性胃炎肠化生CD_(44)、CD_(44V6)及Cyclin D_1、Cyclin E的表达和意义

目的探讨慢性胃炎胃粘膜肠化生CD44、CD44V6及cyclin D1、Cyclin E表达的意义。方法利用免疫细胞化学技术对39例伴有肠化生的慢性胃炎和5例正常人胃窦粘膜的活检组织进行检查。结果正常人胃窦粘膜上皮,腺上皮对CD44、CD44V6、Cyclin D1和Cyclin E均为阴性,但在有神经内分泌样细胞的粘膜,CD44V6和cyclin D1为阳性。慢性胃炎肠化生区和不典型增生区除CD44为阴性外,CD44V6、cyclin D1和cyclin E均呈现不同的阳性反应,但未见有阳性的神经内分泌样细胞。间质细胞大都呈阳性反应。结论CD44V6、cyclin D1和cyclin E可能是胃癌前状态的早期事件,而CD44可能为胃癌晚期的标志物。     

α1 (Pi) types and subtypes in the Tyrolean population

Since nine patients with infantile liver cirrhosis or hepatopathy associated with the Pi ZZ phenotype had been observed in recent years in the Children's Hospital of the University of Innsbruck, Tyrol, the distribution of the Pi types and the PiM subtypes was determined in the Tyrolean population. Apparently healthy blood donors (868) from different regions of Tyrol were examined. Isoelectricfocusing was used for classification of Pi types. The frequency of the allele PiZ was 0.0138, which corresponded to the range observed in other Middle European populations. The frequencies for the suballeles of PiM were PiM1 = 0.7062, PiM2 = 0.1480, and PiM3 = 0.1037. PiS had a frequency of 0.0225, the other rare alleles occurred with a combined frequency of 0.0058.     

p27kip1、Cyclin D1在卵巢癌中的表达及临床意义

目的探讨p27kip1、Cyclin D1在卵巢癌发生方面的意义.方法应用免疫组织化学方法及半定量分析方法,检测50例卵巢癌、19例卵巢良性上皮肿瘤、 13例正常卵巢组织中的p27kip1和Cyclin D1表达,并分析它们与良恶性肿瘤、病理学分级、临床分期的相关性. 结果正常卵巢和卵巢良性肿瘤间,p27和Cyclin D1的各自表达无明显差异;p27在正常卵巢组织和卵巢良性上皮肿瘤中高表达,在卵巢癌中表达降低(P<0.05),且随着肿瘤分级、分期增高(恶性程度增高),阳性表达率逐渐下降;而Cyclin D1的表达则相反;两者在肿瘤中的表达呈负相关.结论 p27kip表达下降、Cyclin D1过表达可能在卵巢癌的发生中起重要作用,检测p27kip1、Cyclin D1在卵巢癌中的表达可预测肿瘤生物学行为特征,可以作为判断预后的指标.     

肝癌组织中Cyclin D1及其相关基因研究的进展

细胞周期调控异常会导致肿瘤的发生和发展,Cyclin D1是细胞周期的重要调控元件之一,与肝癌发生、进展及预后关系密切。本文就Cyclin D1的结构、功能、作用机制、肝癌组织中Cyclin D1及其相关基因研究的进展情况予以综述。     

食管鳞癌Cyclin D1与细胞增殖关系的研究及意义

目的　探讨食管鳞癌细胞中细胞周期素D1(CyclinD1)表达与细胞增殖的关系及意义。方法　应用免疫组织化学和流式细胞术检测 48例食管鳞癌组织中CyclinD1蛋白表达及DNA倍体、S期细胞比值、G2 /M期细胞比值。结果　 48例食管鳞癌中CyclinD1阳性表达率为 45 8%(2 2 / 48) ;DNA异倍体检出率为 5 0 %(2 4/ 48) ,CyclinD1阳性表达的标本中DNA异倍体的检出率为 6 8 2 %(15 / 2 2 ) ,显著高于CyclinD1阴性表达的标本 (33 3%,9/ 2 7,P <0 0 5 )。CyclinD1表达阳性的肿瘤中细胞周期G2 /M期的比值也明显高于CyclinD1表达阴性的肿瘤 (分别为 5 98± 4 87和 4 12± 2 70 ,P<0 0 5 )。结论　从观察结果推测CyclinD1的表达可以加速肿瘤细胞增殖。分析食管鳞癌CyclinD1、DNA倍体及不同时相的细胞增殖有助于帮助分析和判断病人的预后。     

1-Bromo-3-(1',1'-dimethylalkyl)-1-deoxy-Δ(8)-tetrahydrocannabinols: New selective ligands for the cannabinoid CB(2) receptor

Δ(8)-Tetrahydrocannabinol (26), 3-(1',1'-dimethylbutyl)- (12), 3-(1',1'-dimethylpentyl)- (13), 3-(1',1'-dimethylhexyl)- (14) and 3-(1',1'-dimethylheptyl)-Δ(8)-tetrahydrocannabinol (15) have been converted into the corresponding 1-bromo-1-deoxy-Δ(8)-tetrahydrocannabinols (25, 8-11). This was accomplished using a protocol developed in our laboratory in which the trifluoromethanesulfonate of a phenol undergoes palladium mediated coupling with pinacolborane. Reaction of this dioxaborolane with aqueous-methanolic copper(II) bromide provides the aryl bromide. The affinities of these bromo cannabinoids for the cannabinoid CB(1) and CB(2) receptors were determined. All of these compounds showed selectivity for the CB(2) receptor and one of them, 1-bromo-1-deoxy-3-(1',1'-dimethylhexyl)-Δ(8)-tetrahydrocannabinol (10), exhibits 52-fold selectivity for this receptor with good (28nM) affinity.     

Complementation of aChlamydomonas reinhardtii mutant defective in the nuclear gene encoding the chloroplast coupling factor 1 (CF1) γ-subunit (atpC)

Chlamydomonas reinhardtii strainatpC1 is a mutant defective in the nuclear gene that encodes the CF₁ ATP synthase -subunit polypeptide. Photoautotrophic growth was restored toatpC1 after it was transformed with wild-type DNA. Transformed strains were acetate-independent and arsenate-sensitive, similar in phenotype to the progenitor wild-type strain from whichatpC1 was generated. Three transformed strains were examined in detail. Southern blot analyses demonstrated that the transformants were complements and not revertants. The transforming DNA integrated into the nuclear genome in a nonhomologous manner and at a low copy number. Northern blot analyses showed that the -subunit mRNA in the complemented strains was expressed at the same relative level as that of wild-type. Western blots of total protein showed that whereasatpC1 was unable to synthesize any CF₁ -subunit, all three complemented strains could. Furthermore, the Western blot analyses demonstrated that the mutation inatpC1 had a pleiotropic effect on the accumulation of the CF₁ -subunit which was relieved upon complementation. Cell extracts fromatpC1 did not have any CF₁-dependent catalytic activity, whereas extracts from all of the complemented strains and the wild-type strain had identical activities.The nucleotide sequence reported in this paper is in the GenBank data bank with accession number M73493.     

Isolation and characteristics of the melanocortin 1 receptor gene (MC1R) in the Chinese yakow (Bos grunniens×Bos taurus)

The Chinese yakow is the offspring of yak (Bos grunniens) and Yellow cattle (Bos taurus). The melanocortin 1receptor gene (MC1R) plays a crucial role in determining coat colour of mammals. To investigate the relationship of polymorphism of the MC1R with coat colour in the Chinese yakow, the coding sequence (CDS) and the flanking region of MC1R were sequenced from 84 Chinese yakow samples and compared with the sequences of the MC1R from other bovid species. A fragment of 1134 base pair (bp) sequences including the full CDS (954bp) and parts of the 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions (162 and 18bp, respectively) of the Chineseyakow MC1R were obtained. A total of 13 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) including 4 SNPs (T-129C, A-127C, C-106T, G-1A) in the 5'-untranslated region and 9 SNPs (C201T, T206C, C340A, C375T, T663C, G714C, C870T, G871A and T890C) in the CDS were identified, revealing high genetic variability. Four novel SNPs including T206C, G714C, C870T and T890C, which have not been reported previously in bovid species, were retrieved. Within 9 coding SNPs, C201T, C375T, T663C and C870T were silent mutations, while T206C, C340A, G714C, G871A and T890C were mis-sense mutations, corresponding to amino acid changes p.L69P, p.Q114K, p.K238N, p.A291N and p.I297T, respectively. Amino acid sequences alignment showed a more than 96% similarity with other ruminates. However, three classical bovine MC1R loci the E(D), E(+) and e were not retrieved in the Chinese yakow, indicating other genes or factors could be involved in affecting coat colour in this species.     

Immunohistochemical localization of the angiotensin-(1–7) receptor Mas in the murine forebrain

Apart from the well-known biologically active angiotensin II, other biologically active angiotensins have been discovered, including angiotensin IV and angiotensin-(1–7). Some years ago, we and others discovered that the Mas proto-oncogene encodes a receptor that is essential for angiotensin-(1–7) signaling. Angiotensin-(1–7) is not only expressed in the periphery but also within the brain. Based on that, we examined the distribution of Mas within the murine brain, using an antibody directed against the 3^rd cytoplasmic loop of the receptor protein. Strongest Mas protein expression was detected in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and within the piriform cortex. However, Mas protein expression is not restricted to these areas, since Mas immunopositive neurons were also seen in different parts of the cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, basal ganglia, thalamus and hypothalamus. Based on the expression of Mas protein in the cortex and the limbic system, angiotensin-(1–7) signaling may play a role in synaptic plasticity, learning, memory and emotion, as has been described for angiotensin II and IV.