Hip joint replacement surgery for idiopathic osteoarthritis aggregates in families

In order to determine whether there is a genetic component to hip or knee joint failure due to idiopathic osteoarthritis (OA), we invited patients (probands) undergoing hip or knee arthroplasty for management of idiopathic OA to provide detailed family histories regarding the prevalence of idiopathic OA requiring joint replacement in their siblings. We also invited their spouses to provide detailed family histories about their siblings to serve as a control group. In the probands, we confirmed the diagnosis of idiopathic OA using American College of Rheumatology criteria. The cohorts included the siblings of 635 probands undergoing total hip replacement, the siblings of 486 probands undergoing total knee replacement, and the siblings of 787 spouses. We compared the prevalence of arthroplasty for idiopathic OA among the siblings of the probands with that among the siblings of the spouses, and we used logistic regression to identify independent risk factors for hip and knee arthroplasty in the siblings. Familial aggregation for hip arthroplasty, but not for knee arthroplasty, was observed after controlling for age and sex, suggesting a genetic contribution to end-stage hip OA but not to end-stage knee OA. We conclude that attempts to identify genes that predispose to idiopathic OA resulting in joint failure are more likely to be successful in patients with hip OA than in those with knee OA.     

Hip joint replacement surgery for idiopathic osteoarthritis aggregates in families

In order to determine whether there is a genetic component to hip or knee joint failure due to idiopathic osteoarthritis (OA), we invited patients (probands) undergoing hip or knee arthroplasty for management of idiopathic OA to provide detailed family histories regarding the prevalence of idiopathic OA requiring joint replacement in their siblings. We also invited their spouses to provide detailed family histories about their siblings to serve as a control group. In the probands, we confirmed the diagnosis of idiopathic OA using American College of Rheumatology criteria. The cohorts included the siblings of 635 probands undergoing total hip replacement, the siblings of 486 probands undergoing total knee replacement, and the siblings of 787 spouses. We compared the prevalence of arthroplasty for idiopathic OA among the siblings of the probands with that among the siblings of the spouses, and we used logistic regression to identify independent risk factors for hip and knee arthroplasty in the siblings. Familial aggregation for hip arthroplasty, but not for knee arthroplasty, was observed after controlling for age and sex, suggesting a genetic contribution to end-stage hip OA but not to end-stage knee OA. We conclude that attempts to identify genes that predispose to idiopathic OA resulting in joint failure are more likely to be successful in patients with hip OA than in those with knee OA.     

内固定与关节置换手术治疗骨质疏松性髋部骨折的临床效果及术后并发症的影响因素分析

目的:分析内固定与关节置换手术治疗骨质疏松性髋部骨折的临床效果及其术后并发症的影响因素。方法:将2017年4月至2018年5月因骨质疏松性髋部骨折于我院进行手术治疗的78例患者作为研究对象,参考患者自身意愿按照采取手术方案的不同将所有患者分为内固定组与关节置换组。内固定组主要采用动力髋螺钉内固定治疗;关节置换组采用全髋关节置换术治疗。对比分析两组治疗后并发症的发生情况及关节功能恢复程度。结果:关节置换组手术治疗后关节功能的恢复情况显著优于内固定组(P0.05),术后并发症发生率低于内固定组(P0.05);患者术后并发症发生的主要影响因素包括:术前存在合并症、手术时机≥2h、采用内固定手术。结论:与内固定术相比,关节置换手术治疗骨质疏松性髋部骨折患者的疗效和安全性均更高,但采用该手术治疗时需注意手术操作的规范性及手术时机。     

Post-Operative Auto-Transfusion in Total Hip or Knee Arthroplasty: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Background

Total hip or knee arthroplasty is an elective procedure that is usually accompanied by substantial blood loss, which may lead to acute anemia. As a result, almost half of total joint arthroplasty patients receive allogeneic blood transfusions (ABT). Many studies have shown that post-operative auto-transfusion (PAT) significantly reduces the need for ABT, but other studies have questioned the efficacy of this method.

Methods

The protocol for this trial and supporting CONSORT checklist are available as supporting information; see Checklist S1. To evaluate the efficacy of PAT, we conducted a Cochrane systematic review that combined all available data from randomized controlled trials. Data from the six included trials were pooled for analysis. We then calculated relative risks with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for dichotomous outcomes and mean differences with 95% CIs for continuous outcomes.

Findings and Conclusion

To our knowledge, this is the first meta-analysis to compare the clinical results between PAT and a control in joint replacement patients. This meta-analysis has proven that the use of a PAT reinfusion system reduced significantly the demand for ABT, the number of patients who require ABT and the cost of hospitalization after total knee and hip arthroplasty. This study, together with other previously published data, suggests that PAT drains are beneficial. Larger, sufficiently powered studies are necessary to evaluate the presumed reduction in the incidence of infection as well as DVT after joint arthroplasty with the use of PAT.     

关节置换术后抗凝药物预防深静脉血栓及相关并发症的临床研究进展

抗凝药物有助于预防全髋关节置换术和全膝关节置换术后深静脉血栓形成,临床上最常使用的传统抗凝药物如低分子肝素、华法林等可以起到很好的预防效果。目前有一类新的口服抗凝药物已经用于临床,为关节置换术后患者带来了一种更方便、安全和有效预防血栓的治疗选择。本篇综述主要针对传统抗凝药物低分子肝素及维生素K拮抗剂,直接凝血酶抑制剂达比加群,以及选择性Xa因子抑制剂利伐沙班和阿哌沙班,对迄今为止传统抗凝药物在全髋关节置换术和全膝关节置换术患者中的临床使用经验、优缺点、以及新型口服抗凝药物最新临床用药进展进行综述,为关节置换术后患者预防深静脉血栓提供用药参考。     

全髋关节置换术与人工股骨头置换术治疗老年股骨颈骨折的疗效比较

目的:探讨全髋关节置换术与人工股骨头置换术治疗老年股骨颈骨折的疗效。方法:选择在我院的82例行手术置换治疗的老年股骨颈骨折患者,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组41例。观察组采用全髋关节置换术,而对照组实施人工股骨头置换术。观察并比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、血压、术后引流及髋关节功能等。结果:观察组手术时间、术中出血量及收缩压均显著高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后引流量及并发症的发生率,两组比较无显著性差异(P>0.05)。观察组患者术后Harris评分为(93.25±4.51),对照组患者Harris评分为(82.76±3.82),观察组显著优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:与人工股骨头置换术相比,全髋关节置换术用于治疗老年股骨颈骨折具有创伤小,恢复快的临床效果,患者术后髋关节功能恢复情况良好,值得在临床推广应用。     

The efficacy of using vibrometry to detect osteointegration of the Agility total ankle

Arthritis is a chronic, debilitating disease affecting one in six people in the United States annually. One of the most promising surgical treatments is total joint replacement. After decades of development, some joint replacement (arthroplasty) systems such as the hip and knee enjoy high success rates while others, particularly newer ones for the ankle, have disappointing survival rates. The goal of this study was to investigate, develop, and test a methodology to assess implant osteointegration, specifically for the talar component of a total ankle prosthesis. A vibrometry technique using Doppler ultrasound was developed to non-invasively determine osteointegration clinically. This methodology was evaluated via preliminary experimentation, along with another validation methodology, to access whether design criteria have been met in order to initiate a clinical study of the technique. Bench-top and cadaveric testing demonstrated that the Doppler ultrasound technique could distinguish the level of osteointegration between loose and fixed implant components. The laser vibrometry technique, used for the validation of the ultrasound technique intraoperatively, was also shown to be functional and indicative of the ultrasound technique’s testing results. This methodology can provide a much needed tool to determine the integration of implants non-invasively in the clinical and surgical setting, thus allowing each patient’s rehabilitation program to be monitored and tailored to maximize the osteointegration and survival rate of their total joint replacement.     

人工全髋关节置换治疗成人髋关节发育不良并骨性关节炎的临床分析

目的:探讨人工全髋关节置换治疗成人髋关节发育不良并骨性关节炎的临床疗效。方法:对2009年7月至2012年7月入住我院的60例成人髋关节发育不良并骨性关节炎患者行人工全髋关节置换术治疗。分析治疗优良率、手术前后不同Crowe分型Harris评分、手术前后行走及疼痛情况、手术前后生活质量。结果:1根据Harris评分,本组治疗优良率91.67%(55/60);2术后各Crowe分型患者Harris评分均显著高于术前,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);3本组术前自行行走及辅助行走例数分别为23及37例,术后分别为39例及21例;术前疼痛情况:无、轻、中及重度疼痛例数分别为1例、6例、22例及31例,术后分别为18例、28例、12及2例,手术前后行走情况及疼痛情况差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);4根据SF-36生活质量评价标准,术后生活质量评分为(142.16±10.32)分,显著高于术前(115.24±7.34)分,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:人工全髋关节置换治疗成人髋关节发育不良并骨性关节炎的临床疗效显著,术后患者髋关节功能及生活质量明显改善,应在临床上加以推广。     

全髋和半髋置换治疗老年股骨颈骨折的临床对比分析

目的:探讨全髋和半髋关节置换术治疗老年股骨颈骨折的临床疗效。方法:选择本院收治的70例老年股骨颈骨折患者,采用随机数字表法将其分为观察组和对照组各35例,观察组给予全髋关节置换术,对照组予以半髋关节置换术,对比两组所用手术时间、术中出血量、术后Harris评分及髋关节功能、术后并发症、疼痛率及翻修率。结果:观察组手术时间为(113.6±19.3)min,术中出血量为(432.1±32.7)ml,均显著高于对照组的(73.1±10.2)min、(201.3±30.1)m L,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05);观察组髋关节功能总优良率、Harris评分分别为91.43%,(91.13±5.09)分,显著优于对照组的77.14%、(80.15±4.71)分,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05);观察组不良反应发生率及翻修率分别为20.00%、0.00%,低于对照组的22.85%、5.71%,但差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05);观察组疼痛率为5.71%,显著低于对照组的25.71%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:两种术式对股骨颈骨折的老年患者均能起到有效的治疗,均有各自的优缺点,对疼痛较为敏感和活动较多的老年患者而言,宜采用全髋关节置换术。     

Study of micromotion in modular acetabular components during gait and subluxation: a finite element investigation

Polyethylene wear after total hip arthroplasty may occur as a result of normal gait and as a result of subluxation and relocation with impact. Relocation of a subluxed hip may impart a moment to the cup creating sliding as well as compression at the cup liner interface. The purpose of the current study is to quantify, by a validated finite element model, the forces generated in a hip arthroplasty as a result of subluxation relocation and compare them to the forces generated during normal gait. The micromotion between the liner and acetabular shell was quantified by computing the sliding track and the deformation at several points of the interface. A finite element analysis of polyethylene liner stress and liner/cup micromotion in total hip arthroplasty was performed under two dynamic profiles. The first profile was a gait loading profile simulating the force vectors developed in the hip arthroplasty during normal gait. The second profile is generated during subluxation and subsequent relocation of the femoral head. The forces generated by subluxation relocation of a total hip arthroplasty can exceed those forces generated during normal gait. The induced micromotion at the cup polyethylene interface as a result of subluxation can exceed micromotion as a result of the normal gait cycle. This may play a significant role in the generation of backsided wear. Minimizing joint subluxation by restoring balance to the hip joint after arthroplasty should be explored as a strategy to minimize backsided wear.     

大直径陶瓷假体用于全髋关节置换术的稳定性和安全性

目的:探讨大直径陶瓷-陶瓷假体对髋关节置换患者术后假体磨损,稳定性和髋关节功能的影响。方法:选取我院2010年1月-2014年1月间采用大直径陶瓷-陶瓷假体行关全髋置换的股骨头坏死患者46例作为研究组。另选40例采用标准金属-聚乙烯假体手术患者作为对照组。观察并比较两组患者假体磨损情况、髋关节稳定性和功能评分。结果:研究组患者术后无一例脱位,发生假体松动1例,Harris评分为(82.04±1.92)分;对照组术后发生假体脱位4例,松动4例,Harris评分为(81.37±1.27)分;研究组假体稳定性和磨损程度优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),但两组髋关节功能评分无显著差异(P0.05)。发生假体松动的患者术后血沉、IL-1和IL-6浓度均高于正常值,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:与标准假体相比,大直径陶瓷-陶瓷假体稳定性好,磨损率低,是全髋置换手术的良好假体。     

Chromium-induced lymph node histiocytic proliferation after hip replacement. A case report

BACKGROUND: Prosthetic joint replacement is frequently used for the treatment of degenerative joint disease, rheumatoid arthritis, bone tumors and traumatic lesions. The prostheses contain such materials as titanium, cobalt and chromium. We describe a patient who, after total hip arthroplasty, developed an inguinal-pelvic mass. Fine needle aspiration revealed metallic particles, also seen on light microscopy in reactive pelvic lymph nodes. Ultrastructure was consistent with the presence of foreign particles, while energy dispersive x-ray microanalysis established the presence of chromium. To our knowledge, this is the first report of chromium-related lymph node metallosis diagnosed by fine needle aspiration. CASE: Eight years after total hip arthroplasty, a 78-year-old woman developed a right pelvic cystic mass. Aspiration drainage was performed. Smears from fine needle aspiration showed numerous macrophages with abundant, foamy cytoplasm and round nuclei without atypia. Small, birefringent particles were seen in the cytoplasm. Histopathology showed fibroconnective tissue with chronic inflammation and marked lymph node sinus histiocytosis. Within histiocytes, numerous particles were present, identical to those seen in the smears. Their nature as "foreign bodies" was confirmed by electron microscopy, and the presence of chromium was shown by energy dispersive x-ray analysis. CONCLUSION: Fine needle aspiration and polarized microscopy are excellent techniques to evaluate foreign materials in lymph nodes draining the sites of joint prostheses, thus precluding confusion with other conditions, such as metastatic carcinoma.     

Has Metal-On-Metal Resurfacing Been a Cost-Effective Intervention for Health Care Providers?—A Registry Based Study

BackgroundTotal hip replacement for end stage arthritis of the hip is currently the most common elective surgical procedure. In 2007 about 7.5% of UK implants were metal-on-metal joint resurfacing (MoM RS) procedures. Due to poor revision performance and concerns about metal debris, the use of RS had declined by 2012 to about a 1% share of UK hip procedures. This study estimated the lifetime cost-effectiveness of metal-on-metal resurfacing (RS) procedures versus commonly employed total hip replacement (THR) methods.Conclusion/SignificanceOur results imply that in most cases RS has not been a cost-effective resource and should probably not be adopted by decision makers concerned with the cost effectiveness of hip replacement, or by patients concerned about the likelihood of revision, regardless of patient age or gender.     

Periprosthetic bone remodelling of a collum femoris preserving cementless titanium femoral hip replacement

Total hip arthroplasty represents a major surgical achievement for pain relief and restoration of lifestyle quality due to the joint disease of osteoarthritis. Total hip replacement has evolved over the past 30 years utilising a variety of biocompatible materials, geometric shapes and fixation techniques. The main objective of this study is to investigate the long-term effects of strain adaptive bone remodelling due to the influence of a novel titanium cementless femoral hip replacement. The period of on-growth has been taken into account and the simulation has been run to predict the remodelling behaviour for a 36-month period. The main conclusion from this analysis is that the implant does shield the calcar to a similar degree as other cementless femoral hip designs. It does, however, tend to cause bone to be laid down along its length. This may, in part, be due to the novel geometry of the implant interlocking with and loading the bone.     

Periprosthetic bone remodelling of a collum femoris preserving cementless titanium femoral hip replacement

Total hip arthroplasty represents a major surgical achievement for pain relief and restoration of lifestyle quality due to the joint disease of osteoarthritis. Total hip replacement has evolved over the past 30 years utilising a variety of biocompatible materials, geometric shapes and fixation techniques. The main objective of this study is to investigate the long-term effects of strain adaptive bone remodelling due to the influence of a novel titanium cementless femoral hip replacement. The period of on-growth has been taken into account and the simulation has been run to predict the remodelling behaviour for a 36-month period. The main conclusion from this analysis is that the implant does shield the calcar to a similar degree as other cementless femoral hip designs. It does, however, tend to cause bone to be laid down along its length. This may, in part, be due to the novel geometry of the implant interlocking with and loading the bone.     

On the permanent hip-stabilizing effect of atmospheric pressure

Hip joint dislocations related to total hip arthroplasty (THA) are a common complication especially in the early postoperative course. The surgical approach, the alignment of the prosthetic components, the range of motion and the muscle tone are known factors influencing the risk of dislocation. A further factor that is discussed until today is atmospheric pressure which is not taken into account in the present THA concepts. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of atmospheric pressure on hip joint stability.     

UNLAWFUL practice

Hemiarthroplasty of the hip is a simplification of the Smith-Petersen cup arthroplasty in which half of the joint or femoral head is reshaped to fit the vitallium cup. This procedure shortens hospitalization to 10 to 14 days and has been successful in the relief of hip pain and in increasing hip motions. It is indicated when the disease is localized for the most part to the femoral head.     

HEMIARTHROPLASTY OF THE HIP

Hemiarthroplasty of the hip is a simplification of the Smith-Petersen cup arthroplasty in which half of the joint or femoral head is reshaped to fit the vitallium cup. This procedure shortens hospitalization to 10 to 14 days and has been successful in the relief of hip pain and in increasing hip motions. It is indicated when the disease is localized for the most part to the femoral head.     

News in Brief

Total hip and knee arthroplasties are commonly performed orthopedic procedures that involve a complex interaction between the prosthetic device and its surrounding biological environment. Recent developments in the field of proteomics have enabled a better understanding of these interactions in patients with a total joint arthroplasty and have the potential to lead to development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic modalities that may improve the care of these patients, particularly those who have developed complications of wear, osteolysis, loosening and periprosthetic joint infection. This article reviews several of the areas of active research that are occurring at the intersection of the fields of proteomics and total joint arthroplasty.     

人工髋关节置换和内固定治疗复杂股骨转子间骨折的疗效及对预后的影响

目的:对比人工髋关节置换和内固定治疗复杂股骨转子间骨折的疗效及对预后的影响。方法:选择2008年1月~2012年5月我院骨科收治的复杂股骨转子间骨折患者85例,按知情同意原则分成人工髋关节置换组(A组,46例)及内固定组(B组,39例)2组,记录患者的一般临床资料及治疗情况,比较两组患者疗效指标及预后指标。结果:A组患者卧床时间低于B组患者,差别有统计学意义(P0.05);术后1、3、6个月的Harris评分情况A组均优于B组患者,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:人工髋关节置换治疗复杂股骨转子间骨折能有效缩短患者卧床时间,迅速恢复关节功能,远期疗效效果好。