广西大戟科植物资料

<正> 广西的大戟科植物种类众多。作者对广西中草药原植物研究过程,将已采集的标本及华南植物所标本室(SCBI)和广东、广西主要标本室(均有注明)收藏的广西及其邻近地区的大戟科标本进行整理;现报道(一)、三宝木属植物摘记;有5种和3个新变种,其中广西产5种、1变种。(二)、广西白大凤属植物;1种。     

甘肃省小陇山地区鸢尾属植物资源调查及2个新记录种

本文报道了甘肃小陇山地区鸢尾科（Iridaceae）鸢尾属（Iris L.）植物2个新分布记录种：长柄鸢尾（Iris henryi Baker）和薄叶鸢尾（Iris leptophylla Lingelsh.）。通过整理重新编制了小陇山地区鸢尾属植物的分种检索表。两种植物的发现进一步丰富了鸢尾属在全国的分布格局和本属在秦岭地区的种类,并为小陇山地区的物种多样性研究提供了新的分布信息。凭证标本存放于陇南师范高等专科学校植物标本室。     

中国丽管螺属的研究(肺螺亚纲:柄眼目:烟管螺科:管螺亚科)

现已知我国烟管螺科丽管螺属共计１７种和亚种,主要分布于我国四川,云南,湖北,湖南,江西,浙江等处区,即分布于我国秦岭以南广东东洋界地区。作者在云南路南县石林地区采得丽管螺属一新种,即路南丽管螺,作者对我国已知的丽管螺属的种类进行了整理分析,对新种进行了描述。     

我国万带兰属植物

万带兰属(Vanda Jones)是于1795年由W.Jones建立的。全世界共约有60种,广泛分布于东半球的热带和亚热带地区;自印度往东,我国南部,东南亚,新几内亚,澳大利亚以及菲律宾、所罗门群岛等太平洋岛屿均有分布。本属的大多数种类花色鲜艳、花较大而花期长,是很有价值的观赏花卉。经选种及育种作为切花生产、畅销国际市场。因此对这个属进行整理研究、不但有学术意义而且还有较大的经济意义。我国万带兰属植物主要分布在北纬20°以南的区域,其中云南是分布最集中的省份(见图1)。过去对于国产的万带兰属植物缺乏深入全面的研究、种类比较混乱。我们自1975年以来,对本属的国产种类进行采集调查、栽培对比,查阅大量文献标本,证实我国万带兰属植物共有14个种和一个变种。现整理报道如下。     

中国南部的银柴属植物摘记

<正> 大戟科的银柴属植物分布于亚洲南部和东南部热带地区。据文献记载(1879—1988)本属我国的种类,共有8种。作者编写《广东植物志》大戟科的银柴属植物时,清理华南植物研究所(SCBI)收藏的标本,发现我国南部生长有4种和1变种该属植物,其中滇银柴为新组合,披针叶银柴为我国新纪录,现报道如下。     

中国拟台蚱属的研究及一新种记述(直翅目: 蚱科)

记述分布于中国、尼泊尔及北朝鲜地区拟台蚱属的种类7种,包括1新种, 即墨脱拟台蚱Formosatettixoides motuoensis sp. nov,并提供了拟台蚱属的分种检索表和种类分布。模式标本保存于陕西师范大学动物研究所昆虫标本室。     

横断山区节肢蕨属的研究

文本报道了分布在横断山区域的节肢蕨属(Arthromeris)植物,已知12种,1变种;其中新种2个。讨论了该属在本区的地理水平和垂直分布,并初步探讨了在这一地区分布的种类和亚洲分布的种类之间的地理亲缘关系。     

小檗属（Berheris）植物的开发利用研究与保护

小檗属（Ｂｅｒｈｅｒｉｓ）植物的开发利用研究与保护杨柏珍（中国科学院沈阳应用生态所植物资源室植物化学组，沈阳１１００１５）小檗科小檗属植物全世界约有５００种，我国约２００种，各省均有分布。西南、西藏、西北等地区种类较多，东北地区也有一定储量。经研究发...     

广西窄腹茧蜂属一新种：膜翅目：茧蜂科：茧蜂亚科

茧蜂亚科已知有123个属(Quicke,1987),其中窄腹茧蜂属Angustibracon Quicke是Quicke(1987)根据分布在印度的1个种Bracon leptogaster Cameron重新组合为1个新属而建立,迄今已定名种仅此1种。我们整理广西茧蜂标本时,鉴定出该属1新种。这是本属种类在我国分布的首次报道,现将该属属征和新种形态记述如下。新种模式标本存湖南农学院昆虫标本室。     

湖北淫羊藿属植物花粉形态研究

小檗科淫羊藿属(Epimedium)植物全世界约有23种,主要分布在亚热带和北温带,我国约有15种;湖北省分布10种,是全国淫羊藿属植物分布较集中的地区。由于该属植物外部形态比较相似,有些种类叶形变异较大,而且种与种之间还有交叉重叠,这无疑给种的分类鉴定带来一些困难。我们试图通过研究花粉形态特征,来探讨种间的区别。有关淫羊藿属植物中个别种类     

Biological Flora of Central Europe: Baldellia ranunculoides (Alismataceae)

Baldellia ranunculoides (L.) Parl. (Alismataceae) is a taxonomically problematic aquatic plant with an historically ill-defined distribution and global conservation status. This paper finds morphological, ecological and molecular evidence for two distinct taxa, probably best described as subspecies: (1) B. ranunculoides subsp. ranunculoides and (2) B. ranunculoides subsp. repens and provides detailed distribution data on their overlapping range, in different habitats, across the cool, high rainfall areas of western Europe and west Mediterranean. The two subspecies are amongst the relatively large number of threatened European and north Africa aquatic plants and this paper provides a systematic review of their relative conservation pressures and management needs, with particular emphasis on the status of both taxa in central Europe. Other observations indicate probable evolutionary relationships within B. ranunculoides s.l. and its associated taxa and the review points out where these and other research topics could potentially be pursued.     

The chemistry of the abdominal gland secretion of six species of the rove beetle genus Bledius

The chemistry of the abdominal defensive secretions of six species of the rove beetle genus Bledius was examined. In all species the secretion contains the solid toxin p-toluquinone and its precursor p-toluhydroquinone dissolved in different solvents. In B. furcatus, B. tricornis and B. dissimilis these solvents are mainly alkenes and lactones, especially 1-undecene and γ-dodecalactone. In addition to alkenes and lactones the secretion contains decanoic acid and 3-methyl-2-butenoic acid in B. opacus and B. subterraneus. In B. arenarius the quinones are dissolved in octanoic acid and octyloctanoate, exclusively. In B. arenarius and B. opacus the secretion's content of p-toluquinone is reduced in comparison with the other species. Application experiments with the natural predators revealed that in B. arenarius this quinone reduction does not involve a reduction of irritation efficiency. This is probably due to the irriation properties of the B. arenarius solvent octanoic acid. The results are discussed with respect to the evolution of the different secretion types within the genus Bledius and within the subfamily Oxytelinae.     

Species relationships in Bulnesia as shown by seed protein electrophoresis

The seed proteins of seven species of Bulnesia were studied by polyacrylamide electrophoresis. Some of the bands are characteristic and constant “markers” of each species; these allow the unequivocal identification of their electrophoregrams. In total 84 different bands were identified. These were treated numerically by cluster analysis. There were no constant differences between geographic races of B. arborea from Colombia and Venezuela. The electrophoregram of B. carrapo shows differences with that of B. arborea giving support to the idea that both taxa are separate allopatric species. The species pair B. foliosa-B. schickendantzii present the most similar electrophoregrams; this determines a short taxonomic distance between them in the phenogram. The Prim network shows the supposedly more primitive species (B. arborea, B. carrapo and B. bonariensis) well separated from the more advanced group (B. schickendantzii, B. foliosa and B. retama). B. sarmientoi, however, appears as rather distant and unrelated from all other taxa. In general, the results from protein electrophoresis agree with results from a previous numerical study based on 43 morphological characters.     

Responses of four Brassica species to sodium chloride

Responses in sand culture of four Brassica species, B. campestris, B. carinata, B. juncea and B. napus to NaCl were assessed for growth and yield. B. napus produced significantly greater fresh and dry biomass than the other three species in NaCl treatments and also a higher seed yield in both absolute and relative terms when grown at 125 mol/m³ NaCl. In contrast, B. campestris had the lowest biomass production, seed yield and oil content. B. campestris did not differ significantly from B. juncea and B. carinata in biomass production for growth, but B. carinata had a significantly higher seed yield (1.60 g/plant) than that of B. juncea and B. campestris (0.69 and 0.61 g/plant, respectively). The higher seed yielding species, B. napus (1.74 g/plant) and B. carinata (1.60 g/plant) accumulated lower amounts of Na⁺ and Cl⁻ in their tissues and had significantly higher K selectivity (S_K,Na) in their shoots than did those of B. campestris and B. juncea, B. napus and B. carinata also had higher leaf succulence than that of B. campestris. In view of the results presented here it can be concluded that B. napus and B. carinata are relatively tolerant to NaCl whereas B. campestris and B. juncea are relatively sensitive to NaCl.     

中国11个维管束植物分类群名称原白中错误信息之更正

根据《国际藻类、菌物和植物命名法规》（深圳法规）条款9.2的要求,对中国11个维管束植物分类群名称原白中主模式指定的错误信息做了更正,这些名称是绒毛叶轮木（Holotype of Ostodes kuangii Y. T. Chang）、披针叶鹅耳枥（Holotype of Carpinus lancilimba Hu）、滇马蹄果（Holotype of Santiria yunnanensis Hu）、长尾观音座莲（Holotype of Angiopteris caudipinna Ching）、长萼黄芪（Holotype of Astragalus longicalyx C. C. Ni & P. C. Li）、越南油茶（Holotype of Camellia vietnamensis T. C. Huang ex Hu）、宽叶丛茎滇紫草（Holotype of Onosma waddellii f. latifolium W. T. Wang）、细齿堇菜（Holotype of Viola microdonta C. C. Chang）、糙叶毛蕨（Holotype of Cyclosorus scaberulus Ching）、两型叶乳源槭（Holotype of Acer chunii subsp. dimorphophyllum Fang）和南荻（Holotype of Miscanthus lutarioriparius L. Liu ex S. L.Chen & Renvoize）。这些名称的主模式标本均收藏在中国科学院植物研究所国家植物标本馆（PE）。     

Precise molecular weight determination of PCR products of the rRNA intergenic spacer region using electrospray quadrupole mass spectrometry for differentiation of B. subtilis and B. atrophaeus, closely related species of bacilli

Assessment of 16S–23S rRNA intergenic spacer region (ISR) sequence variability is an important supplement to 16S rRNA sequencing for differentiating closely related bacterial species. Species differentiation can also be achieved by determination of approximate size of PCR (polymerase chain reaction) products of ISRs, based on their relative electrophoretic mobility on agarose gels. Closely-related species can have ISR PCR products that are similar in size. More precise molecular weight (M.W.) determination of these products might allow improved discrimination of such species. Electrospray quadrupole mass spectrometry (ESI-Q-MS) has the potential to provide such precision. For ESI-Q-MS analysis, size limitation of PCR products is currently limited to around 130 base pairs (bp). Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus atrophaeus are two closely related species with few distinguishing phenotypic characteristics. B. subtilis has recently been sub-divided into two subgroups, W23 (type strain, W23) and 168 (type strain, 168). PCR products amplified from the ISR including the 5′ terminal end of the 23S rRNA and a conserved portion of the ISR were analyzed by ESI-Q-MS. A 119 or 120 bp PCR product was produced for B. atrophaeus strains. However, strains of B. subtilis subgroups W23 and 168 each produced 114 bp products. In summary, a mass spectrometry method was developed for differentiation of B. subtilis and B. atrophaeus. Also, the genetic similarity of B. subtilis subgroups W23 and 168 was confirmed. Accurate determination of the molecular weight of PCR products from the 16S–23S rRNA intergenic spacer region using electrospray quadrupole mass spectrometry has great potential as a general technique for characterizing closely related bacterial species.     

Species- and clone-specific responses to environmental stimuli in the cladocerans Bosmina cornuta and B. pellucida - a comparison with Daphnia

We studied the variation of small-scale swimming behaviour in eight Bosmina cornuta and ten B. pellucida clones in response to key environmental factors to test whether swimming behaviour and genotypes are linked in non-Daphnia cladocerans. We quantified (1) the short-term responses to changes in temperature, light intensity and pH, (2) the response to long-term temperature acclimation, and (3) the pH-related survival rates. Vertical swimming activity S was quantified in cuvette experiments as crossings of a line at 2 cm height per individual an hour. S differed significantly among species and conspecific clones. At any temperature, light intensity and pH tested, B. cornuta (clone variation: 40-58 crossings/ind.× h) showed a higher vertical swimming activity than B. pellucida (clone variation: 25-48 crossings/ind.× h). A short-term change of water temperature (range tested: 10-25°C) only affected S of B. cornuta, whereas that of B. pellucida remained unaltered. In contrast, S increased with rising temperature following long-term temperature acclimation (range tested: 10-20°C) in both species. Swimming activity was inversely related to the light intensity (range tested: 60-60,000 lux), but decrease of activity was stronger in B. pellucida (44 → 12 crossings/ind × h) than in B. cornuta (50 → 40 crossings/ind.× h). Short-term changes of pH (range tested: 4-6) did not influence swimming activity in any species, although a prolonged exposure (24 h) to pH 4 was lethal. Thus, Bosmina showed behavioural responses which permit to distinguish between the species and which are related to their seasonal succession and distribution pattern.     

典型黑土区主要树种根系构型特征及其对固土能力的影响

为量化典型黑土区主要树种根系构型特征,探究其对固土能力的影响,以该区分布较广的榆叶梅、小叶锦鸡儿、白桦、糖槭、红皮云杉、樟子松单株个体为研究对象,采用全根挖掘和WinRHIZO Pro LA2004分析系统相结合对其根系空间分布、几何形态、分形等特征进行测定,同时采用原位整株根系拉拔的方法量化根系垂直拉拔力。结果表明: 榆叶梅以倾斜根为主,小叶锦鸡儿、白桦、糖槭和红皮云杉以水平根为主,樟子松根系在水平和垂直分布上较为均衡;除白桦总根表面积和红皮云杉总根长外,灌木树种总根长、总根表面积显著大于乔木,落叶阔叶乔木总根长、总根表面积显著大于针叶常绿乔木,白桦总根体积显著大于小叶锦鸡儿、糖槭、红皮云杉和樟子松;榆叶梅、小叶锦鸡儿和白桦根系分形维数和分形丰度显著大于红皮云杉和樟子松;榆叶梅、小叶锦鸡儿和糖槭整株根系平均最大垂直拉拔力显著大于白桦、樟子松和红皮云杉。主要受根系总根长、总根表面积和倾斜根数量的影响,榆叶梅、小叶锦鸡儿和糖槭根系表现出较强的固土能力,可作为典型黑土区水土保持植被构建中优先选择的树种。     

Synthesis of super-high-molecular-weight poly-γ-glutamic acid by Bacillus subtilis subsp. chungkookjang

Poly-γ-glutamic acid (PGA) with high molecular weight is a most promising biomaterial in industrial uses; however, it generally diverse in molecular structure and co-produced with polysaccharides and various other biopolymers. In this study, it was ascertained that Bacillus subtilis subsp. chungkookjang cells are superior to B. subtilis (natto) cells as the biocatalyst for the synthesis of super-high-molecular-weight PGA (over 2000 k). We effectively purified PGA and fractionated according to its molecular weight by anion-exchange chromatography, and further developed a simple method for determination of the molecular weight of PGA on the basis of numbers of glutamate monomers generated by hydrolysis and a free amino group quantified with 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (FDNB). The molecular weight determination with FDNB was available even for a super-high-molecular-weight PGA, e.g. the 2000-k polymer. Super-high-molecular-weight PGAs (average 2000 k and 7000 k), which were synthesized by the use of B. subtilis subsp. chungkookjang cells in the presence of a high concentration of ammonium sulfate, were rich in l-glutamate rather than in the d-enantiomer.