Hydrodynamic calculations on the movements of cilia and flagella. II. Opalina.

Two different theoretical models are used to represent the propulsive mechanisms of Opalina. One model uses the concept of an envelope over all the cilia, while the other considers an array of elongated rods, similar to the model used in part 1. The envelope model shows a correlation between the motion of the cilium tip and the type of metachronism exhibited by the organism but under-predicts the velocities of propulsion. Calculations of the velocity profile, force and bending moment are carried out on the three-dimensional beat of a cilium of Opalina ranarum using the cilia sublayer model. The mean velocity profile is found to be twisted in form: in a clockwise direction at the top of the cilia sublayer relative to the effective stroke. Calculations of the force and rate of working emphasize the approximately equal duration of the effective and recovery strokes. Overall the sublayer model is found to be a more informative and useful approach than the envelope model which is limited to small amplitude motions.     

Objectives and Program of the A.M.A. Committee on Nursing

The continued achievement of high standards of patient care in the preventive, curative, and restorative aspects of illness depends upon a harmonious, collaborative relationship between medicine and nursing. In an effort to protect and foster an enduring alliance of understanding and cooperation between these 2 major health professions, the Committee on Nursing has instituted a continuing program of liaison, communication, education, and research. The Committee has authorized publication of the following report on its objectives and program.