北京地区气候变化和植被的关系——基于遥感数据和物候资料的分析

 气候变化对陆地生态系统的影响及其反馈是全球变化研究的焦点之一。本文利用1951～2000年的气温、降水等气候资料、1982～2000年的NOAA/AVHRR遥感数据和1951～2000年北京春季物候的代表性指标——山桃（Prunus davidiana）始花的物候数据,分析了在年际和年内时间尺度上北京地区各气候参量与植被变化之间的关系。结果显示：植物生长与温度之间的关系远比其与降水之间的关系密切;各气候参量和植被生长状况之间的关系因时间尺度而不同。1)月际水平上,具有显著生态学意义的气候指标对植被生长状况的影响更明显。2)温度与NDVI指标的相互作用最大为零时滞：年际水平上,影响时效约为1年;月际水平上,约为1个月。3)植物物候期与温度之间的关系远比其与降水之间的关系密切。年际尺度上,气候参量和植物物候期的相互作用是同时的,其中气温的影响时效为2年;月际尺度上,实际温度和植物物候期的相互作用时效约为1个月。     

1982-2016年东北黑土区植被NDVI动态及其对气候变化的响应

植被是陆地生态系统的重要组成部分,在调节气候、水土保持等方面具有重要作用,因此,监测植被生长变化并探讨其与气候变化之间的关系,在全球变化研究中具有重要意义。基于MODIS NDVI和GIMMS NDVI数据集,并通过一致性检验,在区域和像元两个空间尺度上,利用一元线性回归模型,研究东北黑土区1982-2016年植被生长动态,分析植被生长对气温和降水量的响应程度。结果表明：区域尺度上,1982-2016年东北黑土区植被生长季NDVI变化分为3个阶段（先增加继而减少最后再增加）,区域植被的生长在气温、降水量的共同作用下,呈现出明显季节差异;像元尺度上,1982-2016年东北黑土区NDVI总体趋势为改善状态,主要改善植被类型为草原、森林和农业植被,鹤岗市、绥化市和长春市改善面积较大;多年平均NDVI值与同期气温和降水量具有一定的相关关系,平原地区植被NDVI与气温主要呈显著正相关关系,植被类型主要为耕地;平原地区边缘和山地地区的植被NDVI与降水量以显著正相关关系为主,主要植被类型为森林和草地。     

Correlation analysis of Normalized Different Vegetation Index (NDVI)difference series and climate variables in the Xilingole steppe,China from 1983 to 1999

There is a crucial need in the study of global change to understand how terrestrial ecosystems respond to the climate system.It has been demonstrated by many researches that Normalized Different Vegetation Index (NDVI)time series from remotely sensed data,which provide effective information of vegetation conditions on a large scale with highly temporal resolution,have a good relation with meteorological factors.However,few of these studies have taken the cumulative property of NDVI time series into account.In this study,NDVI difference series were proposed to replace the original NDVI time series with NDVI difference series to reappraise the relationship between NDVI and meteorological factors.As a proxy of the vegetation growing process,NDVI difference represents net primary productivity of vegetation at a certain time interval under an environment controlled by certain climatic conditions and other factors.This data replacement is helpful to eliminate the cumulative effect that exist in original NDVI time series,and thus is more appropriate to understand how climate system affects vegetation growth in a short time scale.By using the correlation analysis method,we studied the relationship between NOAA/AVHRR ten-day NDVI difference series and corresponding meteorological data from 1983 to 1999 from 11 meteorological stations located in the Xilingole steppe in Inner Mongolia.The results show that:(1)meteorological factors are found to be more significantly correlation with NDVI difference at the biomass-rising phase than that at the falling phase;(2)the relationship between NDVI difference and climate variables varies with vegetation types and vegetation communities.In a typical steppe dominated by Leymus chinensis,temperature has higher correlation with NDVI difference than precipitation does,and in a typical steppe dominated by Stipa krylovii,the correlation between temperature and NDVI difference is lower than that between precipitation and NDVI difference.In a typical steppe dominated by Stipa grandis,there is no significant difference between the two correlations.Precipitation is the key factor influencing vegetation growth in a desert steppe,and temperature has poor correlation with NDVI difference;(3)the response of NDVI difference to precipitation is fast and almost simultaneous both in a typical steppe and desert steppe,however,mean temperature exhibits a time-lag effect especially in the desert steppe and some typical steppe dominated by Stipa krylovii;(4)the relationship between NDVI difference and temperature is becoming stronger with global warming.     

中国典型植被类型NDVI动态变化与气温、降水变化的敏感性分析

 利用1983～1992年覆盖全国范围的、多时相的、NOAA／AVHRR的NDVI数字影像,结合我国160个基本标准气象站逐月的气温、降水资料,对10年来中国主要植被类型的遥感特征参数NDVI的动态变化与同期气温、降水变化的关系进行了分析。结果显示：就全国而言,从北到南,NDVI的变化与气候条件变化的相关系数逐渐降低;从东南到西北,NDVI的变化与气候条件变化的相关系数逐渐增加。     

和田地区植被覆盖变化及气候因子驱动分析

基于MODIS NDVI(2000—2016年)数据集,结合气温、降水数据,利用最大值合成法、斜率分析法及相关分析等方法,分析和田地区近17年的植被覆盖时空变化特征及其与气候因子的相关性。结果表明:(1)近17年和田地区植被覆盖的月际变化表现为先增加再减少,年际变化表现为显著上升趋势,增速为0.452/10a;(2)近17年和田地区植被覆盖增加和减少的区域分别占总面积的4.48%和0.21%,绿洲及昆仑山北部部分区域变化剧烈,高海拔区域基本不变;(3)近17年温度和降水小幅增加,增速分别为0.144/10a和0.156/10a;月尺度上,植被覆盖与温度为正相关,植被生长滞后于温度两个月;与降水以负相关为主,滞后效应不明显。(4)NDVI对气候因子响应的空间分布中,NDVI与平均温度以负相关为主,与降水以正相关为主,与降水的相关性较温度的相关性高;昆仑山北部植被对降水变化更敏感,和墨洛绿洲、策勒-于田绿洲和和田地区西南部山区对温度变化更敏感。     

Temporal variations of NDVI and correlations between NDVI and hydro-climatological variables at Lake Baiyangdian,China

In this paper, correlations between vegetation dynamics (represented by the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI)) and hydro-climatological factors were systematically studied in Lake Baiyangdian during the period from April 1998 to July 2008. Six hydro-climatological variables including lake volume, water level, air temperature, precipitation, evaporation, and sunshine duration were used, as well as extracted NDVI series data representing vegetation dynamics. Mann–Kendall tests were used to detect trends in NDVI and hydro-climatological variation, and a Bayesian information criterion method was used to detect their abrupt changes. A redundancy analysis (RDA) was used to determine the major hydro-climatological factors contributing to NDVI variation at monthly, seasonal, and yearly scales. The results were as follows: (1) the trend analysis revealed that only sunshine duration significantly increased over the study period, with an inter-annual increase of 3.6 h/year (p?相似文献   

中国典型植被类型NDVI动态变化与气温、降水变化的敏感性分析

利用 198 3～ 1992年覆盖全国范围的、多时相的、NOAA/AVHRR的 NDVI数字影像 ,结合我国 16 0个基本标准气象站逐月的气温、降水资料 ,对 10年来中国主要植被类型的遥感特征参数 NDVI的动态变化与同期气温、降水变化的关系进行了分析。结果显示 :就全国而言 ,从北到南 ,NDVI的变化与气候条件变化的相关系数逐渐降低 ;从东南到西北 ,NDVI的变化与气候条件变化的相关系数逐渐增加。     

1982-2012年中国植被覆盖时空变化特征

利用GIMMS NDVI、MODIS NDVI和气象数据,辅以趋势分析、分段回归以及相关分析等方法,分析了1982—2012年我国植被NDVI时空变化特征及其驱动因素。结果表明:(1)近30年我国植被NDVI呈缓慢增加趋势,增速为0.2%/10a;植被覆盖变化阶段性特征明显:即1982—1997年和1997—2012年植被覆盖均呈显著增加趋势,增速分别为1.2%/10a和0.6%/10a,均通过显著水平0.05的检验。(2)空间上,我国陕北黄土高原、西藏中西部以及新疆准格尔盆地等地区植被NDVI呈显著增加趋势;而东北地区的大、小兴安岭和长白山、新疆北部的天山和阿尔泰山以及黄河源和秦巴山区等地区植被NDVI呈显著下降趋势,其中东北地区和新疆北部山区下降尤为显著,说明近年来我国中高纬度山区植被活动呈下降趋势。(3)不同区域植被对气温和降水的响应存在差异,我国北方地区植被对气温具有较长的响应持续时间;而除云南外,南方地区植被对降水的响应时间存在1—3个月的响应时间,且随着滞后时间的延长,相关性逐渐增大。(4)我国植被覆盖增加是气候变化和人类活动共同驱动的结果,尤其是1999年之后人类活动影响逐渐加强。而我国东北地区和新疆北部山区植被覆盖的下降可能是由于该区降水减少所致,东南沿海地区植被退化则受城市化影响显著。     

2000—2019年武夷山亚高山草甸对气候因子的响应及其时滞效应

亚高山草甸对气候变化十分敏感,但目前缺少气候因子对亚热带地区亚高山草甸影响的相关研究,且光学遥感数据对该地区草地信息的提取仍存在一定的挑战。本研究基于MOD13Q1植被指数产品中的归一化植被指数(NDVI)数据集,并结合气象数据,分析2000—2019年间武夷山国家公园黄岗山顶的亚高山草甸的生长变化及其对气候因子的响应和时滞效应。结果表明: 2000—2019年,夏季NDVI呈不显著增加趋势,整个生长季、春季和秋季NDVI均呈极显著增加趋势。NDVI的增加主要受温度增加(0.026 ℃·a^-1)的影响,其中春、秋季温度的增加对草地生长的影响显著高于夏季和整个生长季。生长季NDVI对降水的变化十分敏感,说明即使在降水充沛的亚热带地区,亚高山草甸的生长仍然受到降水的较大影响。不同生长时段温度和降水对草甸NDVI的滞后影响程度不同,温度对亚高山草甸生长的滞后影响为0～1个月,降水对草甸生长的滞后性影响为2～3个月。     

浙江省植被NDVI动态及其对气候的响应

利用GIMMS和MODIS两种归一化植被指数(NDVI)资料反演了1982—2010年浙江植被覆盖状况,结合同期研究区63个气象站点的气温、降水和湿润指数等气候指标,分析了该地区植被年际变化、月际变化及其对气候要素的响应特征。结果表明:(1)研究期间,浙江气候总体呈暖干化趋势,植被覆盖缓慢下降,主要是由于森林植被遭破坏,农业生产活动受抑制影响所致,其中NDVI显著减少的地区约占全省陆域面积的29.1%,主要发生在6—11月;(2)降水量及干湿程度对浙江植被NDVI年变化起着决定性作用。植被与气候要素年变化相关分析发现,NDVI与湿润指数关系较降水、气温更为密切,两者相关及偏相关系数均通过0.05水平的置信度检验,这表明在年际尺度上,湿度的增加增大了植被的生长势,有利于植被生长;(3)植被与气候要素月变化分析表明冬季的热量供给是影响浙江植被生长的重要因子,而植被变化对夏季降水和干湿程度的最大响应为滞后两个月;(4)农业生产水平的提高使得农作物种植区NDVI有所增加,人类活动对浙江植被覆盖的影响不可忽视。     

两代AVHRR GIMMS NDVI数据集的对比分析——以新疆地区为例

最新发布的1981—2012年的AVHRR GIMMS NDVI3g数据为了解区域植被的近期变化状况提供了数据基础。深入理解该版本与老版本GIMMS NDVIg(1981—2006年)之间的关系,对于使用新数据时充分利用已有老版本的研究结果具有重要意义。以我国西北干旱区的典型区域——新疆为例,研究了两个数据集在反映生长季、春季、夏季和秋季植被现状,植被变化趋势及其对气候变化响应方面的异同。研究结果表明:两个数据集在描述植被活动空间分布、变化趋势及其与气候的相关性方面大体相似,但在数值、动态变化率及其对气候变化响应强度等方面存在的差异也不容忽略。NDVI3g数据生长季和各季节NDVI数值多大于NDVIg,尤其是在夏季和在植被覆盖较好的区域。区域尺度,NDVI3g所反映的植被变化趋势更为平稳,尤其是在夏季和较长的时段,这可能与像元尺度NDVI3g显著增加范围小于NDVIg,而显著减少范围多于NDVIg有关。两个数据集对气温、降水量、潜在蒸散发和湿润指数的响应具有大体一致的空间格局,但对气候因子变化的敏感性存在差异,哪一个数据集更为灵敏依赖于不同的气候因子和时段。一般规律是NDVI3g与热量因子显著正相关的区域小于NDVIg,而与水分因子显著正相关的区域则大于NDVIg。利用长期的生态数据集,尽快理清两个数据集在表征植被变化之间的异同并建立两者的转换关系,对于合理开展植被变化、碳平衡、生态系统服务功能评估等广泛利用NDVI数据的相关研究十分重要。     

Correlation analysis of Normalized Different Vegetation Index (NDVI) difference series and climate variables in the Xilingole steppe, China from 1983 to 1999

There is a crucial need in the study of global change to understand how terrestrial ecosystems respond to the climate system. It has been demonstrated by many researches that Normalized Different Vegetation Index (NDVI) time series from remotely sensed data, which provide effective information of vegetation conditions on a large scale with highly temporal resolution, have a good relation with meteorological factors. However, few of these studies have taken the cumulative property of NDVI time series into account. In this study, NDVI difference series were proposed to replace the original NDVI time series with NDVI difference series to reappraise the relationship between NDVI and meteorological factors. As a proxy of the vegetation growing process, NDVI difference represents net primary productivity of vegetation at a certain time interval under an environment controlled by certain climatic conditions and other factors. This data replacement is helpful to eliminate the cumulative effect that exist in original NDVI time series, and thus is more appropriate to understand how climate system affects vegetation growth in a short time scale. By using the correlation analysis method, we studied the relationship between NOAA/AVHRR ten-day NDVI difference series and corresponding meteorological data from 1983 to 1999 from 11 meteorological stations located in the Xilingole steppe in Inner Mongolia. The results show that: (1) meteorological factors are found to be more significantly correlation with NDVI difference at the biomass-rising phase than that at the falling phase; (2) the relationship between NDVI difference and climate variables varies with vegetation types and vegetation communities. In a typical steppe dominated by Leymus chinensis, temperature has higher correlation with NDVI difference than precipitation does, and in a typical steppe dominated by Stipa krylovii, the correlation between temperature and NDVI difference is lower than that between precipitation and NDVI difference. In a typical steppe dominated by Stipa grandis, there is no significant difference between the two correlations. Precipitation is the key factor influencing vegetation growth in a desert steppe, and temperature has poor correlation with NDVI difference; (3) the response of NDVI difference to precipitation is fast and almost simultaneous both in a typical steppe and desert steppe, however, mean temperature exhibits a time-lag effect especially in the desert steppe and some typical steppe dominated by Stipa krylovii; (4) the relationship between NDVI difference and temperature is becoming stronger with global warming. __________ Translated from Acta Phytoecologica Sinica, 2005, 29(5): 753–765 [译自: 植物生态学报]     

2001-2020年新疆阿勒泰地区归一化植被指数时空变化特征及其对气候变化的响应

气候变化是干旱区植被变化的重要驱动因素,探究干旱区气候与植被关系的时空变化,有助于理解生态系统演化特征。基于MODIS-NDVI与CRU数据集中气候数据（降水、平均气温、最高气温、最低气温、水汽压及潜在蒸散）,采用Sen+Mann-kendall、Hurst指数及相关分析法,在不同时间尺度评价了阿勒泰地区NDVI的时空变化特征及其对气候变化的响应。结果表明：（1）在年尺度上,植被NDVI整体呈上升趋势,但存在弱反持续特征。区域内植被退化现象严重（12.11%）,植被改善区域与退化区域呈破碎化分布。（2）月尺度与季尺度上,NDVI与降水、气温、极端气温、水汽压和潜在蒸散呈正相关,其中降水因素在季尺度上的相关性高于月尺度。（3）不同土地利用方式下NDVI与气候因子的滞后效应表现为短期正效应与长期负效应。     

1981-2018年新疆草地归一化植被指数时空特征及其对气候变化的响应

在新疆开展长时间序列的草地监测,分析草地生长的时空变化特征,有利于草地环境压力分析和草地生态健康预测。以NOAA-AVHRR NDVI为数据源,采用最大值合成、一元回归分析与相关性分析,分别在年际尺度和多个空间尺度(全疆、南北疆与各地区及其11种草地类型)上探讨了1981—2018年新疆草地归一化植被指数(NDVI)时空特征及其对气温、降水的响应。结果表明：(1)1981—2018年,新疆草地NDVI多年均值0.326,变化范围0.259—0.386,具有轻微年际波动特征;(2)北疆、南疆草地NDVI均表现为轻微增加趋势;全疆占草地总面积41%的区域NDVI呈显著增加趋势,9%为显著减少区域,北疆草地NDVI显著增加的面积是南疆的1.7倍;(3)由于垂直地带性及区域差异,新疆草地NDVI由山区向盆地的荒漠降低;北疆草地NDVI是南疆1.4倍,总体上北疆各地区草地NDVI高于南疆各地区;(4)草地类型植被NDVI对降水的显著响应高于气温,其中温性荒漠类、温性荒漠草原类与温性草原类草地NDVI对降水变化的响应明显高于其余草地类型,降水对草地NDVI的影响更为显著,表明降水引起的地表水分变化...     

中国西北地区植被NPP多时间尺度变化及其对气候变化的响应

净初级生产力(NPP)是评估植被生长的重要参数,也是评价区域生态环境质量的重要指标。以"一带一路"枢纽地区西北六省为研究区,基于多年连续的GIMMS NDVI资料和气象数据,利用CASA模型,估算了西北六省34年NPP值,利用MK和EEMD方法,揭示了NPP变化的非线性特征,并探究不同时间尺度植被NPP变化对气候变化的响应。研究结果发现:(1)1982—2015年生长季植被NPP总体呈增加趋势,线性增长率为0.718 gCm~(-2) a~(-1);大多数研究区植被NPP短时间内将保持现有变化趋势,尤其是青藏高原、塔里木盆地边缘和内蒙古南部一带。(2)1982—2015年植被NPP以3年周期变化和长期增加趋势为主。其中陕西的南部,甘肃、新疆、宁夏和青海的北部以及内蒙古中部和北部以3年周期变化为主导,而陕西的北部,甘肃、新疆、宁夏的南部以及内蒙古东部以长期变化为主。不同植被类型NPP变化差异明显:针叶林、阔叶林以及混交林以3年周期波动为主,而灌木、草地和农田以3年周期波动和长期增长趋势为主。(3)NPP与气温和降水之间的相关性随着时间尺度的增大逐渐显著。在3年时间尺度上,大多数研究区NPP与气温和降水的相关性很小(P0.05)。6年时间尺度上,NPP与降水量呈正相关的区域向南略有扩散,其中青海南部高寒草甸NPP与降水的相关性由负相关转为正相关。在长期趋势上,NPP与气温和降水量具有非常显著的相关关系,且呈正相关的区域大于负相关的区域。本研究发现多时间尺度能够更好的分析NPP时空特征以及不同时间尺度NPP对气候变化的响应,有助于揭示全球气候变化背景下植被NPP对气候变化的非线性响应机制,评价气候变化的生态坏境风险,为西北六省区域可持续发展和生态环境保护提供理论依据。     

Consistent response of vegetation dynamics to recent climate change in tropical mountain regions

Global climate change has emerged as a major driver of ecosystem change. Here, we present evidence for globally consistent responses in vegetation dynamics to recent climate change in the world's mountain ecosystems located in the pan‐tropical belt (30°N–30°S). We analyzed decadal‐scale trends and seasonal cycles of vegetation greenness using monthly time series of satellite greenness (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) and climate data for the period 1982–2006 for 47 mountain protected areas in five biodiversity hotspots. The time series of annual maximum NDVI for each of five continental regions shows mild greening trends followed by reversal to stronger browning trends around the mid‐1990s. During the same period we found increasing trends in temperature but only marginal change in precipitation. The amplitude of the annual greenness cycle increased with time, and was strongly associated with the observed increase in temperature amplitude. We applied dynamic models with time‐dependent regression parameters to study the time evolution of NDVI–climate relationships. We found that the relationship between vegetation greenness and temperature weakened over time or was negative. Such loss of positive temperature sensitivity has been documented in other regions as a response to temperature‐induced moisture stress. We also used dynamic models to extract the trends in vegetation greenness that remain after accounting for the effects of temperature and precipitation. We found residual browning and greening trends in all regions, which indicate that factors other than temperature and precipitation also influence vegetation dynamics. Browning rates became progressively weaker with increase in elevation as indicated by quantile regression models. Tropical mountain vegetation is considered sensitive to climatic changes, so these consistent vegetation responses across widespread regions indicate persistent global‐scale effects of climate warming and associated moisture stresses.     

22年来西北不同类型植被NDVI变化与气候因子的关系

 为了研究气候变化对西北地区不同类型植被的影响,利用NASA GIMMS 1982～2003年逐月归一化植被指数（Normalized difference vegetation index, NDVI）数据集和西北地区138个气象站点同期的气温和降水资料,计算了各站22年月平均气温和降水与NDVI的相关系数。同时, 选西北 地区森林、草原、绿洲和雨养农业4类有代表性的植被类型为研究区,对各类植被NDVI与气温和降水的相关关系进行分析。研究结果表明：除无 植被的戈壁沙漠地区外,西北地区NDVI与气温和降水均有较好的相关性。除祁连山中部地区外,西北地区NDVI与气温的相关系数大于降水。天 山、阿尔泰山和秦岭的NDVI与气温相关系数最高,而青海东北部NDVI与降水相关系数最高。西北地区各种类型植被对气候变化反映敏感。其敏 感度因植被类型不同和同类植被所处的地理位置不同而有差异;纬度较高的新疆林区与温度相关性最高,高寒草甸次之。在植被生长最旺盛的 夏季（6～8月）,22年来西北地区各林区的NDVI均呈下降趋势。其中西北东部林区下降趋势显著,与这些地区的降水减少和气温增加有关。草 原区植被以上升趋势为主,高寒草甸和盐生草甸上升趋势最为显著,气温升高是这些地区植被生长加速的原因 之一。西北绿洲是NDVI增加极为 显著的地区,以新疆绿洲NDVI上升趋势最大。气候变暖是近年绿洲NDVI增加的主要驱动力之一,绿洲面积扩大、种植结构调整和种植品种变化 等人为因素对绿洲NDVI增加的作用不可忽视,这种作用在新疆表现的尤为突出。雨养农业区NDVI年际 间波动较大,各区域间变化不太一致。 NDVI的波动与降水变化有很好的正相关,与气温变化有很好的负相关,近年来西北东部气温升高和降水的减少是雨养农业区NDVI下降的原因, 农业措施的实施也改变了植被生长对气候条件的依赖性。     

川渝地区NDVI动态特征及其对气候变化的响应

四川、重庆位于我国西南、长江上游地区,地形条件复杂,区内生态环境对气候变化较为敏感,作为我国现代农业发展区和长江中上游重要生态屏障,探究区域植被覆盖与气候变化之间的关系对该地区生态文明建设与农业可持续发展具有重要意义。基于归一化差值植被指数（NDVI）和气象数据（气温、降水）,采用Sen趋势分析、MK检验和偏相关分析法,以农业地貌分区视角分析1999-2018年川渝地区植被覆盖的时空变化特征,以及植被NDVI与气温和降水之间的时空响应。研究结果表明：（1）川渝地区及各农业地貌分区植被NDVI在近20年均呈显著上升趋势,增长速率为盆周山地区（0.0073/a）>四川盆地区（0.0063/a）>川西南山地区（0.0050/a）>川西高山高原区（0.0026/a）,整体年际变化率为0.0047/a。（2）川渝地区91.51%的NDVI像元值变化为正,空间上呈现出东高西低的总体分布格局,其中盆周山地区NDVI值最高为0.60,川西高山高原区NDVI值最低为0.44。（3）川渝地区整体上NDVI与气温和降水呈正相关,且气温（r=0.707,P<0.01）强于降水（r=0.535,P<0.05）,空间上植被NDVI与气温和降水呈显著正相关区域分别占39.31%、18.92%。（4）不同农业地貌区植被生长与气候变化的响应关系呈现出明显差异。在川西高山高原区NDVI与气温呈显著的正相关关系,但与降水的关系不明显,其中阿坝-若尔盖-红原等高平原地区及西北部石渠等丘状高原地区受气温的显著正效应驱动尤为明显;在四川盆地区和盆周山地区NDVI与气温和降水均呈正相关,特别是东北部平行岭谷及低山丘陵区受气温和降水的正效应影响显著。研究有助于进一步理解川渝地区植被与气候变化的响应机制,并为促进川渝地区生态建设及发展提供参考依据。     

Environmental controls of NDVI and sheep production in the Tierra del Fuego steppe of Argentina

Abstract. We analysed vegetation dynamics in Tierra del Fuego steppes using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data provided by advanced very high‐resolution radiometer (AVHRR) on board the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) polar satellite. Our objective, at a regional scale, was to analyse the spatial variability of NDVI dynamics in relation to parent material and geographic location, representing the fertility and climate gradients respectively; at a local scale, it was to analyse the inter‐annual variability associated with climate and its relation with sheep production indices. The general pattern of NDVI dynamics was analysed with Principal Component Analysis. We found that the geographic location was more important than landscape type in explaining NDVI dynamics despite the fact that the variation in landscape type reflects a fertility gradient strongly associated with floristic composition and secondary productivity. Discriminant Analysis was performed to identify the variables that better distinguish geographic units. The Northern region (with the lowest precipitation and the highest temperatures) had lower NDVI values over the year. In the Central region, NDVI reached the highest value of the season, surpassing both other regions. The Southern region (the coldest and moistest) had its growth pattern displaced towards the summer. For the Central region we analysed 10 years of monthly NDVI data with PCA. We found that precipitation from August to December and winter temperature are the most important determinants of overall NDVI values. Lamb production was correlated with spring and early summer NDVI values. Sheep mortality is affected by low NDVI values in late summer and high annual amplitude. Satellite information allowed us to characterize the vegetation dynamics of three ecological areas across the Fuegian steppe.     

陕西省植被覆盖时空变化及其对极端气候的响应

基于2001—2018年MODIS NDVI数据,从生态分区视角分析陕西省归一化植被指数(NDVI)的时空变化特征,并结合该地区31个气象站点日值数据,探讨NDVI对极端气温和极端降水指数的响应特征。结果表明：(1)陕西省及其各生态区的NDVI变化均显著上升,整体呈南高北低的分布特点,其中秦巴山地落叶与阔叶林生态区(IV)NDVI值最高为0.86,陕北北部典型草原生态区(I)NDVI值最低为0.38。(2)年际尺度上,陕西省NDVI与极端气温暖极值(暖夜日数)和极端降水指数总体呈显著正相关(P<0.05),在陕西省北部NDVI变化主要受极端降水的影响,南部则对极端气温的敏感度更高。(3)多年月尺度上,各生态区NDVI对极端气温冷极值(最低气温、日最低气温的极低值和日最高气温的极低值)和极端气温暖极值(最高气温、日最低气温的极高值和日最高气温的极高值)存在明显的滞后性,滞后时间多为3个月;与极端降水指数(单日最大降水量和连续5日最大降水量)的滞后时间为2个月,说明陕西省内NDVI对极端气候的响应具有显著的滞后效应。