Effet du refroidissement local de la tige sur le transport du AIA exogène en provenance du bourgeon apical et sur la croissance des bourgeons axillaires

Effect of local cooling of the stem on exogenous 1AA transport from the apical bud and on the growth rate of axillary buds .
Local cooling (1.5°C) of the stem (on 2 or 4 cm) of Vicia faba L. cv. Aguadulce for 15 h stops the exogenous IAA transport from the apical bud and causes a high accumulation of tracers above and at the level of the cooled zone. This clamping effect is reversed after removal of the cooling system. If the cooling system is maintained for 48 h, about 25% of the exported radioactivity passes the cooled zone. However, the percentage IAA transmitted decreases to about 6.6% if the cooled zone is sufficiently wide (4 cm) and the temperature lowered to 0.7°C±0.3°C. Using a cooling system of 4 cm (0.7±0.3°C) partially releases the lowermost axillary buds (ax₁ and ax₂) from apical dominance. Yet, the rate of growth of the axillary buds is generally lower than the growth rate after decapitation of the plant.     

Technique du ganglion sentinelle dans le cancer de la prostate

Urological interest of sentinel lymph node procedure in prostate cancer, and methods, both are presented in conformity with the presentation of action concertée en medecine nucléaire (ACOMEN).     

Valeur pronostique du curage ganglionnaire prophylactique dans le cancer différencié de la thyroïde

Objective

Although the efficacy of total thyroidectomy as the first step in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) management is well proven, it is always a matter of controversy whether prophylactic lymph node dissection improves prognosis and survival in DTC patients without suspicion of lymph node metastases either clinically or radiologically. The aim of this work is to study relapse rates in patients according to the initial presentation and type of surgery performed, in order to analyze the prognostic impact of lymph node dissection.

Patients and methods

One hundred and thirty patients with DTC were classified according to clinical presentation and type of surgery performed. They were monitored for six years to watch for recurrence.

Results

In patients with no clinical evident lymph nodes, the relapse rate was lower among patients who underwent total thyroidectomy in one step with prophylactic lymph node dissection.

Conclusion

Based on the results of other studies, and on our department experience of thyroid cancer management and monitoring, we strongly advocate careful and systematic exploration of the central lymph node compartments with exploration of the lateral side of the lesion if in doubt.     

La stratigraphie et le Paléolithique du complexe saalien dans la région de la Saale et de l’Elbe

Some sediment sequences were known in the Elbe-Saale region. They enable a subdivision of the Saale complex, that is from Neumark Nord (Geisel valley), from Weimar-Ehringsdorf and Bad Kösen-Lengefeld (Saale valley). According to it, there are two interglacials between the Saalian groundmoraine (s.str.) and the Eemian. They are characterized by a strong subcontinental climatic influence, which could not be observed in the other interglacials of the Elbe-Saale region. The interglacials are connected with find horizons from the Middle Palaeolithic. They are concisely described here with their inventories.     

Localisation aberrante de la connexine 43 dans le cancer du testicule

Most cells can communicate directly via gap junction channels. Gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) participates in the control of cell proliferation. Abnormal expression of connexins (Cx), the constitutive proteins of gap junctions, has been associated with a transformed phenotype. In the seminiferous tubules, connexin Cx43 is predominantly expressed by Sertoli cell and germinal cell membranes. We studied Cx43 expression in four testicular cancers (pure seminoma). Cx43 mRNA and protein characterized by RT PCR and Western blot were found to be similar to controls (normal testes) in each case. However, immunofluorscence study of Cx43 protein indicated a cytoplasmic localization with no membrane expression, excluding the participation of Cx43 in GJIC. The significance of this aberrant localization will be discussed in relation to carcinogenesis.     

Action de la flore microbienne du tractus digestif sur la biosynthese de l'acide cholique chez le rat

Axenic and holoxenic (conventional) rats were fed a diet containing trace amounts of [2,4-³H]cholic and [24-¹⁴C]chenodeoxycholic acids. In the feces of both groups of rats, the percentage of labelled bile acids which were ³H-labelled was slightly different. In the experimental conditions used, the intestinal microflora only slightly modified the synthesis of 12α-hydroxylated bile acids.     

Le cancer radio-induit,le kangourou,et le petit lapin. Ou « la déclinaison radiobiologique du mythe de la Licorne Rose »

The linear no-threshold (LNT) model, which has become a dogma in its own right, leads to affirming the existence of the harmfulness of low doses of ionizing radiation as long as their harmlessness could not be demonstrated. It seems important to understand how we came to make dogmatic a scientifically “non-theory”. We propose in this article, after having shown how much RLSS stems from a myth and not from a scientific approach, to expose its origins and genesis, essential to the understanding of its current character of so-called incontestable truth, then to illustrate the worrying practical and epistemological consequences that this reference to RLSS entails. We rely for this on the critical analysis of some of the epidemiological studies that claim to demonstrate or confirm it.     

Place de la prostatectomie radicale dans le traitement du cancer de prostate

The screening of the prostate cancer with PSA has dramatically modified the circumstances of diagnosis. Nowadays, most of the patients have a localized disease. The treatment is based on prognostic factors and the spreading of the tumor. If the cancer is localized, some treatments are available. Among them, the radical prostatectomy can be performed either laparoscopically or by an open approach. Surgical treatment of prostate cancer is proven to be an effective way to decrease the occurrence of locoregional extension and metastatic disease. It has been proven that it allowed diminishing the mortality in patients who have a life expectancy more than 10 years. The side effects of the radical prostatectomy consist of impotency and incontinence which can be rehabilitated. The treatment of locally advanced cancer is a controversial issue that can consist in surgery as a unique treatment or in a multimodal treatment. This text summaries the recommendations of the French association of Urology.     

Un habitat de la fin du Mésolithique dans le Centre-Ouest de la France : L’Essart à Poitiers (Vienne)

The excavation of L’Essart (Poitiers) makes it possible for the first time in the west of France to understand a very particular habitat, along a river and very much marked by the firing activities. The substrate of the site assigns the shape of a dome surrounded to the east by the Clain River, to the west by a channel. Abundant vestiges allotted to the recent Neolithic lay in the lower half of a layer of brown silts. Immediately subjacent, a level of ten centimetres, located at the top of orange silts, contained burnt stones structures: 39 hearths (circular area posed flat approximately one meter of diameter) and 14 dismantled hearths. It is dated from the final Mesolithic by the extremely abundant lithic material discovered in the layer. Lithic industry is carried out in a preferential way on bajocians flints available on the slope (62%) and oxfordians flints (8%) known to approximately two kilometres. The principal characters of this industry are a frontal exploitation of core, a production of prismatic blades, many notches of Montbani type on the blades, asymmetrical trapezoids with concave truncations (of which Trapezoids of Payré), right-angled trapezoids with concave truncations, scalene triangles with flat retouches and arrows of Montclus. The analogies with Retzian (Vendée and Loire-Atlantique) are certainly numerous, but it is rather about a relationship in a vaster unit that remains to define. The non anecdotic presence of the arrows of Montclus involves the discussion on the question of the zones of contacts between Neolithic and Mesolithic of the second half of the VI^th millenium BC.     

Effets du retard dans la première alimentation sur le développement de la larve planctotrophe de l'oursin Paracentrotus lividus

The growth of the skleleton and changes in biochemical constituents (proteins, carbohydrates and lipids) were observed in embryos (days 0 and 1) and larvae (2-8 days) of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus that were starved (C 0) or fed low (1,000 cells of Hymenomonas elongata, C 1) or high (5,000 cells, C 5). Different batches of C 1 and C 5 larvae were fed first the 2nd, 3rd, 4th or 5th day after fertilization. Initiation of feeding 24 h after hatching slowed down the rate of increase in length of the larval appendages. A differential growth of skeletic rods (somatic and postoral rods) and variations in proteins weights shows the existence of a mixotrophic phase between endotrophic and planktotrophic phases. Best development occured in larvae which were first fed at the lower food level 24 h after hatching. On the 2nd and the 3rd day the somatic/postoral rod ratio is ≥1. This higher ration can be used to estimate the age of natural populations of larvae.     

Intérêt de la TEP/TDM dans le bilan d’extension et le suivi des lésions osseuses du myélome multiple

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant hemopathy characterized by a pathologic proliferation of plasmocyts in bone marrow. Detection of bone lesion is of great importance in initial extension screening and for the follow-up because it has an impact on therapeutic strategy. Plain radiographs do not have a good sensitivity for the detection of such lesions. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an interesting tool to detect diffuse bone marrow infiltration. We propose, based on the experience of our center and through a comprehensive review of the literature, to present the potential of [¹⁸F]-FDG PET/CT for the detection and the therapeutic strategy of bone lesions in MM.     

Determinisme anthropique du developpement du hetre dans la sapiniere du Couserans (Pyrenees ariegeoises,France) durant le Subatlantique

The pollen analysis of a complete subatlantic peat sequence in Ariège (French Pyrénées), shows the mean stagesof the development of beech in the fir forest consecutive to human activity.     

Effets d'un régulateur de croissance d'insectes,le fénoxycarbe,sur la diapause du psylle du poirier Cacopsylla pyri

The nature of the responses of the sheep blowfly Lucilia sericata Meigen (Diptera: Calliphoridae) to carrion odours and carbon dioxide were examined in a windtunnel in the laboratory and the attractiveness of carrion-bait was examined in the field. In the wind tunnel, gravid 9-day-old females increased both the number and duration of their flights, in response to carrion odours. In addition, linear velocity was reduced and the sinuosity of flight increased in the presence of these odours. With 3-day-old females, the response to carrrion odour depended on previous exposure to proteinaceous material. Protein deprived females showed kinetic responses to carrionodour which were similar to those of gravid females. No such changes were observed in protein-fed females. No responses to CO₂ were observed. In the field, the importance of olfactory cues in bait location was demonstrated by the absence of L. sericata from sticky targets lacking an odour bait. Increased bait concentration did not affect the age, sex ratio or ratio of L. sericata to other Lucilia spp. caught, but did increase the numbers caught. Analysis of the reproductive status of females caught, indicated that a greater number of gravid females were caught than expected, while a lower number of females in the final stages of vitellogenesis were caught than expected. The results show that the responses of L. sericata to odours are complex, and are dependent on both exogenous and endogenous stimuli, the latter including the stage of ovarian development.     

Corrélation entre la scintigraphie osseuse et le taux du marqueur tumoral CA15-3 dans le cancer du sein. À propos de 100 cas

AimTo display the correlation between the rate of tumor marker CA15-3 and the bone scintigraphy for extension or supervision check-up in breast cancer.MethodologyIn this study, we have randomly included 100 patients with a serum dosage of CA15-3 and a bone scintigraphy.ResultsWe compared the results of the bone scintigraphy and the rate of CA15-3. Among the 77 patients with elevated CA15-3, 57 presented a bone scintigraphy exhibiting secondary bone locations. Among 23 patients with a normal rate of CA15-3, 18 women presented a normal bone scintigraphy. The sensitivity of bone scintigraphy was estimated at 91.74%, while the specificity was estimated at 47.37%, and calculating the coefficient, which measures the intensity of linking the two variables, CA15-3 and bone scintigraphy, the Yule coefficient was 0.82.ConclusionIn this study, the intensity of the correlation between bone scintigraphy and the rate of CA15-3 proved very strong.