胰岛素受体家族的结构与功能研究

胰岛素（insulin）与胰岛素样生长因子-1（IGF-1）分别是由胰岛β细胞和肝细胞分泌的 多肽类激素.它们通过结合并激活位于细胞膜上的受体酪氨酸激酶(RTKs),发挥重要的生理作用. 作为起始信号传导的第一步,胰岛素与IGF-1是如何与各自受体的膜外区域（ectodomain） 结合并进一步激活受体的细胞膜内酪氨酸激酶活性一直属于科学研究的关键基础问题.本文 概述了胰岛素受体家族（IR和IGF-1R）及其配体的结构与功能的特点和关系,并重点介绍 了近年来国内外在胰岛素受体家族复合体结构和功能上的研究手段和取得的突破性进展.     

肥胖引起胰岛素耐受的分子机理

肥胖引起胰岛素耐受的分子机理胰岛素经血液循环到达靶细胞后,与细胞膜上胰岛素受体（ＩＲ）结合,引起ＩＲβ亚单位上的酪氨酸残基自身磷酸化（ＩＲ本身具有酪氨酸激酶活性）,随即引发胰岛素受体底物１（ｉｎｓｕｌｉｎｒｅｃｅｐｔｏｒｓｕｂｓｔｒａｔｅｌ,ＩＲＳ－...     

糖尿病大鼠肝细胞膜胰岛素受体的变化及机制探讨

本文采用受体的放射配体分析法,观察链佐霉素（ＳＴＺ）糖尿病大鼠肝细胞膜胰岛素受体的变化,并用核酸杂交方法对ＳＴＺ大鼠肝组织胰岛素受体变化的机制进行探讨。主要结果如下,Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠在腹腔注射ＳＴＺ后２周,血糖升高,血清胰岛素水平降低,肝细胞膜胰岛素受体数目增加,与正常对照组相比增加了１５５．６％,而受体结合的亲和力下降。用斑点杂交方法观察到,ＳＴＺ注射２周后,大鼠肝组织胰岛素受体ｍＲＮＡ含量明显增加,而补充胰岛素后,受体ｍＲＮＡ含量基本恢复正常。提示ＳＴＺ大鼠肝细胞膜胰岛素受体数目增加的原因,可能主要是低胰岛素血症引起肝组织胰岛素受体ｍＲＮＡ表达水平增加,而补充胰岛素可使其恢复正常。从而进一步证明,血清胰岛素水平在ＳＴＺ糖尿病大鼠肝细胞膜胰岛素受体的变化中具有重要作用。     

胰岛素作用原理的研究——Ⅷ.人胎盘细胞膜胰岛素受体

详细地研究了人胎盘细胞膜胰岛素受体的性质,进一步证实人胎盘细胞膜含有丰富的与胰岛素典型靶细胞上类似的胰岛素受体。     

胰岛素作用原理的研究——Ⅷ.人胎盘细胞膜胰岛素受体

详细地研究了人胎盘细胞膜胰岛素受体的性质,进一步证实人胎盘细胞膜含有丰富的与胰岛素典型靶细胞上类似的胰岛素受体。     

胰岛素受体抗体的产生及其初步鉴定

六年前Kahn等报道了在严重抗胰岛素型的特殊的糖尿病患者(称B型)的血清中,存在有胰岛素受体的抗体。这种抗体可以抑制胰岛素与其受体的结合,并且有类似胰岛素的生物活性,如促进葡萄糖的氧化、抑制脂肪的分解等。这一发现,对于糖尿病的临床和胰岛素受体的研究都是很重要的。从那以后,人们尝试通过免疫动物的方法获得胰岛素受体的抗体。但迄今,无论是用含胰岛素受体的细胞膜或用纯化的胰岛素受体免疫动物,所获得的胰岛素受体的抗体,都只能模仿胰岛素的生物活性,而不能象从糖尿病患者(B型)中获得的胰岛素受体的抗体那样抑制胰岛素与其受体的结合。人胎盘细胞膜含有比胰岛素典型靶细胞更丰富的胰岛素受体。本文用人胎盘细胞膜免疫家兔获得了人胎盘细胞膜蛋白的抗体,并对其中的胰岛素受体的抗体进行了初步鉴定。     

脊髓损伤后脊髓神经细胞膜PAF受体特性的变化

采用３ＨＰＡＦ放射配体结合试验方法测定脊髓神经细胞膜上ＰＡＦ受体的特异性位点,观察脊髓损伤后２、６ｈ、１、３周脊髓神经细胞膜ＰＡＦ受体结合特性变化。结果显示,脊髓神经细胞膜上存在ＰＡＦ高、低亲和力结合位点,脊髓损伤后２、６ｈ、１周组ＰＡＦ受体高、低亲和力位点Ｋｄ值和Ｂｍａｘ均有不同程度下降,与对照组比较,有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）。表明在伤后早期ＰＡＦ受体亲和力增加,结合位点减少。提示ＰＡＦ受体在脊髓损伤后继发性损害病理生理过程中起一定作用。     

溪七鳃鳗肌肉细胞膜胰岛素受体的研究

 溪七鳃鳗肌肉细胞膜胰岛素受体的研究张新堂,徐明华,王楠,朱尚权（中国科学院上海生物化学研究所,上海２０００３１）郭春生（哈尔滨师范大学生化学研究所,哈尔滨１５００８０）七鳃鳗是现存的最原始的圆口类无颌脊推动物之一,它的形态学和生理学特性已有详细研究和...     

β-TC3细胞膜与胰岛素受体结合G蛋白的鉴定

目的:用免疫共沉淀的方法检测β-TC3(小鼠胰岛β细胞瘤细胞)细胞膜中与胰岛素受体结合的G蛋白.方法:提取β-TC3细胞膜蛋白,通过免疫共沉淀及蛋白质印迹的方法,检测G蛋白α及β亚基的表达.结果:抗胰岛素受体抗体沉淀胰岛素受体结合的G蛋白复合物后,分别用抗胰岛素受体抗体、抗G蛋白α亚基抗体及抗G蛋白β亚基抗体,检测到胰岛素受体、G蛋白α亚基及G蛋白β亚基的表达.结论:在β-TC3细胞膜中,胰岛素受体与G蛋白共存,G蛋白α亚基及β亚基与胰岛素受体可能存在直接的相互作用.     

[B3—Lys]—胰岛素的研究：受体结合及生物活性

本文用＾１２５Ｉ－［Ｂ３－Ｌｙｓ］－胰岛素和＾１２５Ｉ－胰岛素研究了［Ｂ３－Ｌｙｓ］－胰岛素和胰岛素与人胎盘细胞膜胰岛素受体结合物性并进行了比较。实验结果表明［Ｂ３－Ｌｙｓ］－胰岛素与ＨＰＭ胰岛素受体结合能力比天然猪胰岛素高。由竞争取代曲线得到的［Ｂ３－Ｌｙｓ］－胰岛素和猪胰岛素的ＩＣ（５０）值分另为０．６５和１．１１ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ。经Ｓｃａｔｃｈａｒｄ分别得出［Ｂ３－Ｌｙｓ］－胰岛素与ＨＰＭ胰岛素     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.