Taxonomic study of the genus Etiella Zeller(Lepidoptera:Pyralidae:Phycitinae) in China

The genus Etiella Zeller,1839 is reviewed in China.Etiella brevis sp.nov.is described as new;E.grisea Hampson,1903 and E.wahinghamella Ragonot,1888 are newly recorded for China.Images of adults and genitalia are provided,along with a key to all the known Chinese species of this genus.     

Taxonomic study of the genus Prorophora Ragonot, 1887 (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae, Phycitinae) in China, with description of a new species

The genus Prorophora Ragonot, 1887 is newly recorded for China. Of the three species treated here, Prorophora (Reisserempista) binacanthasp. n. is described as new; Prorophora (Prorophora) albidogilvella Roesler, 1970 and Prorophora (Reisserempista) mongolica Roesler, 1970 are diagnosed and newly recorded for China. Images of adults and illustrations of genital structures are provided, along with a key to the known species.     

A new species of Caprellinoides (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Phtisicidae) from the Antarctic

A new caprellid species, Caprellinoides singularis, is described and illustrated based on the material collected on the Polarstern Cruise ANT XVII/3 from the Branfield Strait. The most striking characteristic of this species is the presence of bilobed gills on pereonites 3 and 4. The genus Caprellinoides is revised. Caprellinoides antarctica Schellengerg, 1926 and Caprellinoides spinosus Barnard, 1930 are considered junior synonyms of Caprellinoides tristanensis Stebbing, 1888 and Caprellinoides mayeri (Pfeffer, 1888), respectively. The new species, C. singularis, is compared with the remaining species in the genus Caprellinoides: C. tristanensis and C. mayeri, which are illustrated in detail. Received in revised form: 4 June 2001 Electronic Publication     

腊肠树的重要害虫--粗鳞蜡螟(鳞翅目,螟蛾科,蜡螟亚科)

海南截获一批危害腊肠豆的害虫,鉴定发现是分布东南亚的粗鳞蜡螟Trachylepidia fructicassiella Ragonot,属腊肠树果实的严重害虫.虽然在我国尚未发现其自然分布,但该害虫的主要寄主--腊肠树Cassia fistula Linn.在我国南方通常被作为行道树或花卉栽培,有较广的分布.本文介绍粗鳞蜡螟的形态特征、分布和危害情况,以引起有关部门的注意.     

One new and one newly recorded species of the genus Amraica Moore, 1888 (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Ennominae) from China,with diagnoses of the Chinese species

The genus Amraica Moore, 1888 in China is reviewed. In addition to the four species and three subspecies already known, one new species, A. prolata sp. nov. is described and one newly recorded species, A. ferrolavata ( Walker, 1863 (imprint 1862) ) is redescribed. The generic characters, based on all species, are summarized. Illustrations of external features and genitalia are presented.     

A taxonomic study on Endotricha Zeller （Lepidoptera： Pyralidae： Pyralinae） in China

A checklist of 30 species ofEndotricha Zeller in China is presented in this paper. Six species （E. dumalis sp. nov., E. lunulata sp. nov. E. medogana sp. nov., E. nigra sp. nov., E. purpurata sp. nov. and E. simipunicea sp. nov.） are new to science and three （E. admirabilis Kirpichnikova, E. fuscobasalis Ragonot and E. valentis Kirpichnikova） are recorded for the first time in China. The adult features and genital structures of the new species are illustrated and a key to the Chinese species is given.     

Osteology of Halosauridae (Notacanthiformes)

With reference to three species (Halosaurus pectoralis (McCulloch, 1926), Halosauropsis macro-chir (Günther, 1878), and Aldrovandia phalacra (Vaillant, 1888)), specific features of skeleton structure in all three genera of Halosauridae fish are described. It is recommended to use the obtained results for the specification of classification of these fish.     

Christensenia, a new terrestrial enchytraeid genus from Antarctica

Christensenia gen. nov., C. blocki sp. nov., is described from Signy Island, South Orkney Islands, maritime Antarctic. The new species is identical with specimens that Stephenson (1932) determined as Marionina georgiana (Michaelsen, 1888), but differs from the type material of M. georgiana. The species M. georgiana (Michaelsen, 1888) is also placed in the new genus Christensenia, the main characteristics of which are: possession of sigmoid setae, and the presence of large numbers of small, hyaline, stick-like, anucleate lymphocytes. No other types of lymphocyte are observed. Oesophageal appendages and intestinal diverticulae are absent. Dorsal vessel originates in the clitellar region; blood is colourless. The anteseptal part of the nephridium consists of the funnel and a few canals, with the efferent duct arising postero-ventrally. Spermathecae are without diverticulae, entally connecting with the oesophagus. The known distribution of the genus is currently limited to terrestrial habitats in the sub- and maritime Antarctic. Received: 24 June 1996 / Accepted: 20 October 1996     

已建株鼻咽癌细胞的PLUNC基因启动子区序列多态性分析

目的检测人类标准鼻咽癌细胞中是否存在已知的PLUNC基因启动子-437bp-＋87bp区域的单核苷酸多态性（SNP）。以便进一步探索SNP与鼻咽癌的关系。方法采用PCR产物直接测序的方法,对7株体外培养的鼻咽癌细胞基因组DNA的PLUNC基因启动子区进行序列分析。结果发现7株PLUNC基因的启动子区皆存在已知的3个SNP位点（1888、2128和N2）和未知一个突变位点（N1）,其测观杂合度分别为85．7％、100％、100％和28．6％。其中3个已知SNP位点在筛查的细胞株中均存在T-C的突变,而且SUNE-1鼻咽癌细胞株的1888位点基因型为突变纯合子CC型。结论体外培养的标准鼻咽癌细胞株中存在已知的3个SNP位点（1888、2128和N2）的突变现象,且突变率为100％;1888位点鼻咽癌易患型（CC型）已在体外稳定建株;首次发现启动子-195bp区域N1突变位点。     

A revision of the genus Kaszabister Mazur (Histeridae, Histerinae, Exosternini)

We revise the four species of Kaszabister Mazur, 1972, one of which, Kaszabister barrigaisp. n., is described as new. The other species in the genus are Kaszabister rubellus (Erichson, 1834), Kaszabister ferrugineus (Kirsch, 1873) and Kaszabister carinatus (Lewis, 1888). The species are principally known from the subtropics of South America, with one in Central America. Lectotypes are designated for Kaszabister rubellus and Kaszabister ferrugineus, and a key is provided for all the species. Ants of the genus Solenopsis Westwood, mainly Solenopsis invicta Buren and Solenopsis saevissima (Smith), are documented as hosts of three of the four species.     

Redescription of a poorly known marine ciliate, Leptoamphisiella vermis Gruber, 1888 n. g., n. comb. (ciliophora, stichotrichia, pseudoamphisiellidae), from the Yellow Sea, China

Leptoamphisiella vermisGruber, 1888 n. g., n. comb. (basionym Epiclintes vermisGruber, 1888) is an extraordinarily large and worm-like marine stichotrichous ciliate. Based on a population isolated recently from coastal waters of Qingdao, China, the living morphology and infraciliature are redescribed and its taxonomic position is defined. Accordingly, a new diagnosis for this species is suggested: large, marine Leptoamphisiella with a conspicuous layer of pellicular alveoli; 400-1000 microm x 40-70 microm in vivo; body band-like, highly flexible; about 40 membranelles; always three frontal and two buccal cirri; 52-80 transverse cirri (TC) extending to the posterior end of the buccal field; 57-79 left midventral and 44-62 right midventral cirri; 62-102 cirri in left and 63-91 cirri in right marginal rows (MR); 9-13 dorsal kineties that extend the full body length; about 100 macronuclear nodules and 5-13 micronuclei. The diagnosis for the new genus is as follows: vermiform Pseudoamphisiellidae with strongly contractile body, differentiated frontal, buccal, and highly developed TC; two remarkably separated midventral rows; one MR on each side of the body; frontoterminal and caudal cirri absent. Leptoamphisiella vermis n. comb. is fixed as the type species of the new genus.     

Allozyme and morphological identification of shape Anisakis,Contracaecum and Pseudoterranova from Japanese waters (Nematoda,Ascaridoidea)

Allozyme markers were used to identify anisakid nematodes from marine Japanese waters, morphologically assigned to three species complexes: Anisakis simplex (s. l.), Contracaecum osculatum (s. l.) and Pseudoterranova decipiens (s. l.). Samples assigned to A. simplex (s. l.) were found to correspond genetically to A. simplex sensu stricto, those of C. osculatum (s. l.) to C. osculatum A. No morphological characters are yet available to distinguish sibling species of these two complexes. As to the P. decipiens complex, two distinct species were detected: the first corresponded to P. decipiens C, previously recovered in the northern Atlantic, the second to P. decipiens D from Japan. The two species are genetically well differentiated, with five of the 19 loci tested showing distinct fixed alleles. Their reproductive isolation was proved by the lack of hybrids or recombinants in sympatric samples recovered from the same definitive host, Erignathus barbatus. P. decipiens D was found to correspond morphologically to Porrocaecum azarasi, previously considered a synonym of P. decipiens. Accordingly, the name Pseudoterranova azarasi (Yamaguti & Arima, 1942) n. comb. is proposed for P. decipiens D. Similarly, P. decipiens C fits in general morphology, type-locality and host with Ascaris bulbosa, also previously considered a synonym of P. decipiens. The name Pseudoterranova bulbosa (Cobb, 1888) n. comb. is proposed for P. decipiens C.     

Revision of the Chinese species of the genus Coenochilus Schaum (Coleoptera,Scarabaeidae, Cetoniinae)

Summary

The Chinese species of the genus Coenochilus Schaum, 1841 are revised, including a new species, C. pilosus n. sp. described from southern China (also from Vietnam and Laos). The lectotype for Coenochilus uncinatipes Moser, 1915 is designated, and this name is recognized as a junior synonym of C. bifoveolatus Fairmaire, 1888. Previously published synonymy of Coenochilus apicalis Westwood, 1873 and C. armiger Westwood, 1873 is confirmed based on the examination of type specimens. The neotype of C. tonkinensis Moser, 1910 is designated, and C. clinteroceroides Jákl, 2015 is synonymized with this species. Coenochilus tonkinensis is newly recorded from China, while Chinese records of C. nitidus Arrow, 1910 are verified as misidentification of C. striatus Westwood, 1873, thus C. nitidus is removed from the Chinese fauna. Diagnoses and illustrations are provided for all five Chinese species. A key to Chinese species and new distribution records are also presented.??     

Tardigrades from Ecuador,with the Description of Two New Species: Mixibius ornatus n. sp. and Diphascon (Adropion) onorei n. sp. (Eutardigrada,Hypsibiidae)

Seven species are reported from Ecuador, South America, two of which, Mixibius ornatus and Diphascon (Adropion) onorei, are new to science. Mixibius ornatus n. sp. differs from Mixibius saracenus (Pilato 1973) and from M. fueginus Pilato & Binda 1997 by having a sculptured cuticle, broader claws, lunulae present, stylet supports inserted on the buccal tube in a more caudal position, and shorter placoids. Diphascon (A.) onorei n. sp. has an elongate pharyngeal bulb with small apophyses, three rod-shaped macroplacoids, a granular microplacoid, and septulum; claw bases enlarged, smooth (first three pairs of legs) or crenate (outer claws on the hind legs); a cuticular bar is present near the inner claws on the first three pairs of legs. Other species reported are Echiniscus aliquantillus Grigarick, Schuster & Nelson 1983; Minibiotus intermedius (Plate 1888); Macrobiotus coronatus De Barros 1942; Macrobiotus danielae Pilato, Binda, Napolitano & Moncada 2001, and Astatumen bartosi Weglarska 1959.     

Postglacial population growth of Cunninghamia konishii (Cupressaceae) inferred from phylogeographical and mismatch analysis of chloroplast DNA variation

Phylogeographical and mismatch analysis of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) variation were used to infer the temporal dynamics of distributional and demographic history of Taiwan fir (Cunninghamia konishii). We examined 64 and 52 trees from 17 populations of C. konishii and 14 provenances of C. lanceolata, respectively, by sequencing three intergenic spacers and one intron using cpDNA universal primers. Of the aligned 1888 base pairs (bp) sequence, 30 varied among 28 haplotypes, which consisted of three transitions, 14 transversions and 13 indels. One ancestral haplotype was found in 86 individuals across the surveyed range of both species, C. konishii and C. lanceolata, which was distributed in all populations and provenances. The 28 haplotypes also included 15 C. konishii specific and 12 C. lanceolata-specific haplotypes. Ancestral haplotype was found fixed in five populations of C. konishii and five provenances of C. lanceolata. Other haplotypes occurred mainly as singletons. The levels of population differentiation studied are relatively low in both Cunninghamia species. The nucleotide diversity (theta) of chloroplast DNA sequences within C. konishii was slightly higher than that of C. lanceolata. Excess in singletons as well as star-like phylogeny of haplotypes suggested no clearcut migration patterns of C. konishii after glacial maximum. One probable demographic history of C. konishii is the postglacial population growth of C. konishii after a glacial bottleneck event. This inference is supported by the combined results of fossil pollen record, low nucleotide diversity, significant Tajima's d-value, phylogeographical analysis and unimodal mismatch distribution. Similarities and discrepancies between our results and those of Lu et al. (2001) are discussed.     

First records of Atyoida serrata (CS Bate, 1888) from South Africa (Crustacea: Caridea: Atyidae)

Collections of Atyoida serrata (CS Bate, 1888) are reported from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa for the first time. This species is currently known only from the lower reaches of the Mgeni, Vungu and Mtamvuna river systems where it occupies rocky cascades and rock crevices in torrential habitats.     

The woolly flying squirrel and gliding: does size matter?

The woolly flying squirrelEupetaurus cinereus! Thomas, 1888 is the longest sciurid and most massive mammalian glider in the world. Because of this, there has been some question about the squirrel’s gliding ability. I document three glide events performed by this species. These glide events, coupled with comparisons of glide ratios, ponderal ratios, and a log-log plot of head + body length versus body mass with other flying squirrels, demonstrates that the woolly flying squirrel, despite its size, is a capable glider and is no more robust than other flying squirrels. Predation attempts that were observed during glide events are discussed within an evolutionary context.     

Larvae of the deep-sea Nematocarcinidae (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea) from the Southern Ocean

The early larval stages of the deep-sea Nematocarcinidae, Nematocarcinus longirostris Bate, 1888, from the south-western Atlantic Ocean, and N. lanceopes Bate, 1888, from the high Antarctic Weddell Sea, were obtained from plankton catches, described and illustrated. Furthermore, field collected larvae of N. lanceopes were compared with larvae hatched and reared under constant laboratory conditions. The morphology of larvae in both species clearly indicates a planktotrophic and extended mode of larval development. This is an outstanding feature in deep-sea and especially in high-latitudinal caridean shrimp species, and the consequence of such reproductive trait for life history adaptations to both deep-sea and polar environments is discussed.This revised version was published online in November 2004 with corrections to the figure part lettering.