The delimitation of Psora (Lecideaceae) and related genera, with notes on some species

A new delimitation of the lichen genus Psora Hoffm. is proposed. The genus is mainly characterized by a squamulose thallus, an upper cortex of 'Scheinrindentyp', a hypothecium containing calcium oxalate, an amyloid hymenium containing anthra–quinones, the type of ascus and the type of pycnidium. The affinities of Psora to the genera Eremastrella, Psorula , and Xanthopsora and some squamulose species provisionally included in Lecidea are discussed. The genus Chrysopsora is reduced to syn–onomy with Psora , and the species Lecidea hedinii, L. scholanderi , and Psora petri to synonomy with Lecidea pulcherrima, Toninia tristis , and Lecidea lurida , respectively. The new combinations Lecanora scotopholis (Tuck.) Timdal, Psora hypotheja (Lamb) Timdal, P. subrubiformis (Vainio) Timdal, and P. vallesiaca (Schaerer) Timdal are proposed.
New chemical data are given for a number of the species and chemical strains are recognized for the first time in Psora crenala, P. globifera, P. gresinonis , and P. rubifor–mis. Two new chemical strains of P. decipiens are recorded.     

Squamarina scopulorum (Lecanoraceae), a new lichen species from Norway

The new species Squamarina scopulorum Haugan & Timdal (sect. Petroplaca ) is described from Norway. It differs from the sympatric and morphologically closely similar species S. magnussonii and S. pachylepidea mainly in the color of the apothecial disc and in the thallus chemistry. The delimitation of the genus Squamarina and the family Squamarinaceae are briefly discussed.     

Waynea hirsuta, a new epiphytic lichen species from Central Siberia

A new lichen, Waynea hirsuta is described from the Tunkinsky range, Lake Bajkal region, Central Siberia. It has a squamulose, sorediate thallus, (0-) 1 (-3) septate spores, labriform soralia, and positive reactions to K and to N of epithecium, excipulum and upper cortex. The thalline squamules have a dense cover of hyaline hairs. The material was collected on the bark of old Populus balsamifera trees in a close stand of Pinus sibirica. The affinities with the other three species of the genus, and with some Hypocenomyce species are discussed.     

新疆泡鳞衣属地衣的研究

该文采用形态解剖、化学及生态等传统分类方法,以及显色反应(CT)、薄层层析(TLC)等生物化学方法,对新疆天山南麓巴音布鲁克山区和天山中部米泉哈熊沟泡鳞衣属地衣进行了分类学研究,并鉴定采样区泡鳞衣属的地衣种类。结果表明:共鉴定出似皮革泡鳞衣Toninia alutacea(Anzi)Jatta、兰黑泡鳞衣T.caeruleonigricans(Lightf.)Th.Fr.、白泡鳞衣T.candida(Weber)Th.Fr.、泡状泡鳞衣T.physaroides(Opiz)Zahlbr.、暗色泡鳞衣中亚亚种T.tristis subsp.asiae-centralis(H.Magn.)Timdal等5个种,其中2个为中国新记录种:似皮革泡鳞衣T.alutacea和泡状泡鳞衣T.physaroides;同时描述了5个种的形态解剖特征、化学特征及其生境,并提供了相关彩色图片和新疆泡鳞衣属地衣检索表。研究结果可为新疆地衣的研究提供实验数据,为中国泡鳞衣属研究提供科学依据。     

中国鸡皮衣属和泡鳞衣属地衣2个新记录种

报道了采自中国西北部新疆博格达山区哈熊沟森林公园的鸡皮衣属和泡鳞衣属地衣的2个中国新记录种,即南方鸡皮衣(Pertusaria australis Vian)和北极泡鳞衣(Toninia arctica Timdal),并描述了二者的形态学、解剖学以及化学成分特征,提供了其形态特征和内部解剖结构照片.标本保存于新疆大学...     

THE GENUS HYPOGLOSSUM KÜTZING (DELESSERIACEAE,RHODOPHYTA) IN THE TROPICAL WESTERN ATLANTIC,INCLUDING H. ANOMALUM SP. NOV.1

Observations are made on the occurrence and distribution of the red algal genus Hypoglossum Kützing (Delesseriaceae, Ceramiales) in the tropical western Atlantic. In addition to the type of the genus, H. hypoglossoides (Stackh.) Coll. & Herv., three other species are reported: H. anomalum sp. nov., H. involvens (Harv.) J. Ag., and H. tenuifolium (Harv.) J. Ag. A key is presented to distinguish these four species. The newly described species, H. anomalum, is like other species in the genus in that its branches arise endogenously from the primary axial row but it is unique in that the branches emerge from the parent blade at some point between the midline and the margin of the blade. The new species is reported from Puerto Rico and Florida.     

Revision of the Australian species of Hyalobathra Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea: Crambidae: Pyraustinae) based on adult morphology and with description of a new species

Abstract The genus Hyalobathra Meyrick is redefined based on five Australian species including the type  species. The four named Australian species, H. archeleuca Meyrick, H. unicolor (Warren) , H. miniosalis (Guenée) and H. minialis (Warren), are redescribed and a new species, H. crenulata sp. n., is described . Hyalobathra unicolor is removed from synonymy with H. illectalis (Walker), and lectotypes are designated for H. archeleuca , H. minialis and for H. rhodoplecta Turner, a synonym of H. miniosalis . The presence of H. paupellalis (Lederer) in Australia could not be confirmed, but its genitalia are figured. Two previously included species, ' Hyalobathra ' aequalis (Lederer) and ' H .'  brevialis (Walker), are excluded from Hyalobathra, as they lack its generic apomorphies, but cannot at present be assigned to any other genus.     

Three new species and one new combination of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Gypsoplaca</Emphasis> (lichenized Ascomycota) from the Hengduan Mountains in China

Three new species are described as follows: Gypsoplaca alpina H. X. Shi and Li S. Wang, G. bullata H. X. Shi and Li S. Wang, and G. rosulata H. X. Shi, Li S. Wang, and Timdal sp. nov. Gypsoplaca alpina is characterized by a small thallus, upper cortex with very thick gelatinized layer, ascocarp warty with a cerebriform ridging, and by growing on soil in alpine meadows. Gypsoplaca bullata characterized by having bullate ascocarp, uneven to bullate thallus. Gypsoplaca rosulata is characterized by rosulate thallus and 4–6-spored asci. The new combination Gypsoplaca blastidiata (Zhurb) H. X. Shi and Li S. Wang comb. & stat. nov. is proposed. A phylogenetic tree is established, based on combined sequences of ITS and nrLSU, and all species formed monophyletic clades. Two main chemical compounds, brialmontin and sesterterpenes, are reported for the first time from Gypsoplaca by analysis of NMR and MS data. Triterpenoids are absent in Chinese Gypsoplaca specimens.     

Revision of the Neotropical Genus Hemibidessus Zimmermann (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Hydroporinae: Bidessini)

The genus Hemibidessus Zimmermann, 1921 is revised. Six species are recognized in the genus. Two new species are described, H. spirodiscus sp. n. from Bolivia and H. spangleri sp. n. from Argentina. A key for identifying the species is presented. The female genitalia are thoroughly illustrated and described for the first time for any species of Bidessini. Other important diagnostic structures are also illustrated including the male genitalia. A cladistic analysis is presented for 8 species (6 ingroup and 2 outgroup species) and 13 characters. A single most parsimonious cladogram was found.     

A phylogenetic study of the genus Haligena (Halosphaeriales, Ascomycota)

The genus Haligena (Halosphaeriales, Ascomycota), with two accepted species, is encountered frequently in marine habitats, especially on wood in temperate regions. Phylogenetic analyses of Haligena elaterophora (type species) and H. salina were undertaken, with partial large subunit ribosomal DNA sequences, to determine their relationships with other closely related genera in the order. The genus was shown to be polyphyletic within the Halosphaeriales with the type species forming a basal clade to the order. Haligena salina constituted a sister clade with weak support of Neptunella longirostris in all analyses. Haligena elaterophora and H. salina differ significantly in the nature of their ascospore appendages: wider, more sticky and strap-like in H. elaterophora and spoon-shaped at the point of attachment; in H. salina they are longer and narrower, finely drawn out filaments. A new genus, Morakotiella, is introduced to accommodate H. salina.     

Revision for the swordtail cricket genus Homoeoxipha (Grylloidea: Trigonidiidae: Trigonidiinae) from China

Species of Homoeoxipha are very small and always live on leaves of shrubs and grasses. This genus contains ten species worldwide and is distributed across five zoological regions, from Africa to New Guinea. Homoeoxipha lycoides is the type species of this genus and possesses the characteristic coloration for the genus. These coloration features resulted in some synonyms and disputes over species, because most Homoeoxipha species are ornamented with a similar coloration pattern. We compared and documented the differences between H. lycoides and its relatives in China. A new important character, the epiphallic transversal suture, is used to distinguish them. Based on this work, all of the Chinese species, H. lycoides, H. obliterata and H. nigripes, and one new species, H. eurylobus, with similar coloration to H. lycoides, are described and illustrated.     

中国沟胸步甲属分类研究及一新种描述(鞘翅目： 步甲科： 壶步甲族)

【目的】沟胸步甲属Holcoderus属于鞘翅目(Coleoptera)步甲科(Carabidae)壶步甲族(Lebiini)。本研究旨在对该属在中国分布的各个种进行分类厘定。【方法】基于中国科学院动物研究所的馆藏标本以及欧洲多家博物馆的模式标本,采用形态比较学方法开展研究。【结果】共发现中国沟胸步甲属5种,其中包括新种1种(双毛沟胸步甲H. bisetus sp. n.,模式产地：云南西双版纳),中国新纪录种3种(雅沟胸步甲H. gracilis、绿沟胸步甲H. smaragdinus和红腿沟胸步甲H. aeripennis)。提供了中国所有种类的形态描述及特征图,并编制了分种检索表。【结论】至此,我国所分布的沟胸步甲属物种从此前记录的1种增加至5种。     

Phylogeny and zoogeography of three new species of the genus Hexabathynella (Crustacea, Malacostraca, Bathynellacea) from North America

Three new species of the genus Hexabathynella , H. otayana sp. n., H. hessleri sp. n. and H. muliebris sp. n., from North America are described. A comparison with previous studies results in the reevaluation of characters already known and the discovery of new constitutive characters. The distal spine of the mandibular spine row is regarded as a synapomorphy of the three new species and two previously known species, H. knoepffleri , H. minuta , which constitute a monophyletic group within the genus, the knoepffleri-group. The phylogenetic relationships between the five species are depicted with a cladogram. The setation on the uropodal exopod is shown to be not only a new unique character for the genus, but also a significant one in classifying its species. The presence of the ancestor species of the genus before the Triassic and dispersal during Mesozoic continental drift are assumed to explain the transatlantic occurrence of the knoepffleri-group and the distribution pattern of the other species.     

Molecular evidence for the polyphyly of the genus Hemitragus (Mammalia, Bovidae)

The genus Hemitragus includes three species of tahr distributed in distant geographical areas: the Himalayan tahr, H. jemlahicus, occupies the southern flanks of the Himalaya Mountains; the Nilgiri tahr, H. hylocrius, is endemic to southern India; and the Arabian tahr, H. jayakari, is unique to the mountains of south-east Arabia. All previous investigations were based on morphology, and these three species together have never been included in a molecular phylogenetic study. In this study, we constructed a molecular phylogeny of the tribe Caprini sensu lato to determine the taxonomic status of the three species of tahr. Phylogenetic analyses were carried out on a matrix including most extant species currently described in the tribe Caprini sensu lato, and 3165 nucleotide characters, coming from four different markers, i.e., an intron of the nuclear gene coding for the protein kinase C iota, and three mitochondrial genes (subunit II of the cytochrome c oxidase, cytochrome b, and 12S rRNA). The results show that the genus Hemitragus is polyphyletic, as H. jemlahicus is associated with Capra (goats), H. hylocrius is the sister-group of Ovis (sheep), and H. jayakari is allied with Ammotragus lervia (aoudad). In the light of these unexpected results, we revaluate the validity of the morphological characters originally used for defining the genus Hemitragus. At least, we propose a new taxonomy, where the three species of tahr are ranged into three monospecific genera: the genus Hemitragus is restricted to the Himalayan tahr, and two new genera are created: Arabitragus for the Arabian tahr and Nilgiritragus for the Nilgiri tahr.     

A taxonomic review of the genus Hypocalymma (Myrtaceae)

The genus Hypocalymma endemic to Western Australia and comprising 22 species species including the widely cultivated Swan River Myrtle and Swamp Myrtle, is revised. Nine new species ( H. connatum, H. hirsutum, H, gardneri, H. jessicae, H. melaleucoides, H. serrulatum, H. sylvestris, H. tenuatum and H. uncinatum ), two new subspecies ( H. cordifolium subsp. minus and H. strictum subsp. elongatum ) and one new combination ( H. angustifolium subsp. longifolium ) are described or made. A key to all species is presented for this horticulturally significant genus.     

马鞍菌属新种和新组合

本文报道了产于我国的马鞍菌属Helvella的三个新种及一新组合,它们是亚梭孢马鞍菌H.subfusispora Liu et Cao,太原马鞍菌H·taiyuanensis Liu,Du et Cao中国马鞍菌H.sinensis Liu et Cao以及紫棱柄马鞍菌H.purpurea(Zang)Liu et Cao。并附有我国马鞍菌种的检索表。     

中国的肉座菌科Ⅲ.肉座菌属的菌生种

对肉座菌属的系统分类史进行了回顾,并对3个菌生种进行了报道;其中硫磺肉座菌(新拟)Hypocrea sulphurea(Schwein.)Sacc.为中国新记录种,拟层孔肉座菌H.fomitopsisP.G.Liuet