L-精氨酸高产菌株的选育

以谷氨酸高产菌种LH谷氨酸棒杆菌为出发菌株,用化学试剂亚硝基胍(NTG)诱变,经结构类似物磺胺胍和摇瓶产酸筛选,获得一株产L-精氨酸的菌株LH425,在摇瓶发酵中,培养96h,产酸率38g·L-1。     

一株高产脯氨酸的嗜醋酸棒杆菌的选育及发酵条件优化

以嗜醋酸棒杆菌为出发菌株,经过片段化全基因组体外诱变、重组和连续的磺胺胍抗性筛选,获得一株L-脯氨酸的高产菌株。摇瓶发酵优化结果表明,葡萄糖、生物素和硫胺素的最适用量分别为16%、300μg/L、400μg/L,最适pH为6.8~7.0,装液量为25ml/500ml摇瓶,发酵培养72h后L-脯氨酸产率高达到75.6g/L,与对照相比提高了5%。考察了50L发酵罐中细胞生长对L-脯氨酸产量的影响,补料分批发酵结果表明(比生长速率分别为0.06/h、0.08/h和0.1/h),比生长速率在0.08/h左右时L-脯氨酸的产率最高,L-脯氨酸的比生产速率Q_P达到0.091 g/(g.h),产率高达82.1 g/L,比优化前提高了14%。     

L-缬氨酸高产菌株的选育研究

以产L-缬氨酸的谷氨酸棒状杆菌(Corynebacterium glutamicum)为原始菌株,利用注入低能氮离子束进行一系列诱变,获得一株稳定的高产L-缬氨酸突变菌株。摇瓶培养96h后发酵能力可达38.0g·L-1,较出发菌株提高18.01%。通过对摇瓶中葡萄糖、玉米浆浓度及培养条件进行优化,发酵能力达到40.6g·L-1,50L发酵罐的发酵能力可达70g·L-1左右。     

L-谷氨酰胺生产菌的选育和发酵工艺优化

用上海迪赛诺原L-谷氨酰胺生产菌种GB20为出发菌株,利用亚硝基胍诱变方法进行诱变筛选,获得目标株GB20-9090,再以目标株为发酵菌种,经过发酵过程的工艺优化,在5L小发酵罐生产水平达75g·L-1以上,在70M3发酵罐生产水平达70g·L-1以上。     

L-组氨酸产生菌的选育及其特性的初步研究

以谷氨酸棒杆菌(Corynebacterium glutamicum)HZ4221(TRARDCPR AMTRhistidase-)为出发菌株,利用亚硝基胍(NTG)诱变选育得到莽草酸缺陷型的渗漏突变株CLW0560,在以葡萄糖为碳源、硫酸铵为氮源的培养基中直接发酵72h,积累L-组氨酸可达5.31g/L。与亲株相比,L-组氨酸产量提高了32.1%,转酮酶比活力下降84.3%。研究了该菌株利用培养基中碳源情况及菌株遗传稳定性,而且考察了金属离子对CLW0560的影响。     

L-异亮氨酸产生菌黄色短杆菌的选育

以黄色短杆菌BF420为出发菌株,经过紫外线和亚硝基胍(NTG)复合诱变处理后,获得一株甲硫氨酸缺陷(Met-)及抗α-氨基丁酸(α-AB)的L-异亮氨酸产生菌BM2610,该菌株在未进行优化的发酵条件下能够积累L-异亮氨酸的量为7.12g.L-1,比出发菌株BF420提高了122.5%。     

L-谷氨酰胺高产菌的选育和发酵条件

以嗜乙酰乙酸棒杆菌(Corynebacterium acetoacidophilum)LG-3为出发菌株,经紫外线(UV)和硫酸二乙酯(DES)诱变处理,磺胺胍(SG)、高浓度(NH4)2SO4定向筛选,获得1株谷氨酰胺高产菌株LG-65,在未经优化的条件下摇瓶发酵72 h可产谷氨酰胺43.5 g/L,比出发菌株的产量32.4 g/L提高了34.3%.在此基础上,对其发酵条件进行优化,经72 h摇瓶发酵产量可达47～48 g/L,7 L发酵罐补料分批发酵40 h可达55 g/L.     

黄色短杆菌产L-组氨酸菌株的诱变育种

以黄色短杆菌为出发菌,采用诱变育种的方法选育得到一株能高产L-组氨酸的突变菌株。在加有150g·L-1葡萄 糖;35g·L-1硫酸铵;10g·L-1蛋白胨的发酵培养基中培养72h,产L-组氨酸128.28mg·L-1。     

甲基营养型L-丝氨酸产生菌的选育

以甲基营养型假单胞菌J-12为出发菌株,经硫酸二乙酯（DES）和亚硝基胍（NTG）诱变处理,D-丝氨酸结构类似物平板和高浓度甘氨酸平板定向筛选,获得1株三-丝氨酸高产菌N-13,其发酵液中L-丝氨酸产量较出发菌株提高97．9％。在含有20g/L甘氨酸和7mL／L甲醇的培养基中,L-丝氨酸积累可达4．81g／L。     

L-缬氨酸生产菌的选育及其发酵培养基的模式识别优化

以黄色短杆菌TV10为出发菌株 ,经紫外线、硫酸二乙酯逐级诱变处理 ,在含磺胺胍 (SG)、α 氨基丁酸 (α AB)、2 噻唑丙氨酸 ( 2 TA)等氨基酸结构类似物平板上定向筛选 ,获得L 缬氨酸高产菌株TV2 30。应用模式识别方法 ,对L 缬氨酸发酵培养基进行优化。以培养基组成构筑模式空间 ,通过主成分分析 (PCA)揭示模式空间的可视优化区域 ,选择优化点并逆推回到高维空间得到最优培养基组成 ,结果该菌株可积累L 缬氨酸 2 6 .38g·L-1,比初始值提高 7.8%。     

花生四烯酸产生菌高山被孢霉的高糖驯化研究

【目的】提高花生四烯酸(Arachidonic acid,ARA)产量,克服ARA产生菌高山被孢霉(Mortierella alpina)在长期的保存及使用过程中易受到外界条件影响发生退化,从而导致菌种耗糖量降低、影响菌种摄入营养的能力和不利于工业化生产的缺点。【方法】首先采用固体培养基驯化,将菌种逐级涂布于梯度高糖PDA平板(含糖量分别为2%、5%、7%、10%和15%)培养,挑选经固体驯化后能耐受10%高糖浓度平板的菌种,转接到两种含不同氮源的梯度高糖(含糖量分别为3%、4%、5%和6%)液体培养基中进行驯化,最后对驯化后的菌种进行2 L发酵罐放大实验。【结果】当培养基中以酵母粉为氮源时,驯化后菌体的最高耗糖量由3 g/(L.d)提高到12 g/(L.d);当培养基中以玉米浆为氮源时,驯化后菌体的最高耗糖量由7 g/(L.d)提高到12 g/(L.d)。摇瓶驯化实验结果表明以玉米浆为氮源驯化的菌种发酵效果较好,发酵罐实验结果显示菌体生物量为50 g/L,总油脂为18 g/L,目的产物ARA产量为8 g/L。相比未驯化之前的发酵结果,生物量和总油脂含量提高了近3倍,ARA产量提高了近4倍。【结论】经过高糖驯化,菌种的耗糖能力得到提高,生物量、总油脂及ARA的产量也都有所增加,从而可以使菌种在保存和使用过程中不易退化,保持稳定。     

常压室温等离子体诱变选育L-精氨酸生产菌及发酵条件优化

【目的】通过常压室温等离子体诱变技术选育L-精氨酸高产菌株,利用响应面设计探索突变菌株生产L-精氨酸的最佳发酵条件。【方法】采用常压室温等离子体生物诱变系统对实验室保藏的Corynebacterium glutamicum GUI089进行系列诱变,选育L-高精氨酸和8-氮鸟嘌呤抗性菌株。在单因子实验的基础上,应用Plackett-Burman设计从7个因素中筛选出对L-精氨酸合成具有显著效应的(NH4)2SO4、葡萄糖和尿素3个因素。基于上述结果,进一步采用响应面设计优化出主要影响因素的最佳参数水平。【结果】经过一系列的诱变和筛选,选育出一株L-高精氨酸(15 g/L)和8-氮鸟嘌呤(0.7 g/L)抗性菌株,并将此菌株命名为C.glutamicum ARG 3-16。此菌株的L-精氨酸产量比出发菌株提高了49.79%,且发酵液中杂酸的浓度明显降低,特别是L-脯氨酸、L-谷氨酸和L-缬氨酸。在经响应面优化后的最佳发酵条件下,L-精氨酸的产量达到39.72±0.75 g/L,比优化前提高了10.49%。【结论】通过常压室温等离子体诱变技术成功选育出一株L-精氨酸高产菌株,利用响应面法有效地优化了发酵条件,实验结果表明突变株ARG 3-16具有潜在的生产应用价值。     

乳酸产生菌的选育

从5种菌株中,通过初筛和复筛筛选出一种变色范围大,产乳酸量高的菌株D(产酸量为69.36g/L),以此菌株作为出发菌,进行紫外诱变育种。从诱变处理后的计数平板上,选取10株hc值大的菌株,通过复筛最终选出了一株平均产乳酸量高的菌株D_6,其产乳酸量平均为71.73 g/L,比出发菌株高出2.37g/L。     

Enzymatic production of trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline by regio- and stereospecific hydroxylation of L-proline

A proline 4-hydroxylase gene, which was cloned from Dactylosporangium sp. RH1, was overexpressed in Escherichia coli W1485 on a plasmid under a tryptophan tandem promoter after the codon usage of the 5' end of the gene was optimized. The proline 4-hydroxylase activity was l600-fold higher than that in Dactylosporangium sp. RH1. trans-4-Hydroxy-L-proline(Hyp) was produced and accumulated to 41 g/L (87% yield from L-proline) in 100 h when the recombinant E. coli was cultivated in a medium containing L-proline and glucose. 2-Oxoglutarate, which is necessary for the hydroxylation of L-proline by proline 4-hydroxylase, was apparently supplied from glucose through the cellular metabolic pathway. The putA mutant of W1485, which is not able to degrade L-proline, has allowed the quantitative conversion of L-proline to Hyp. The formation of other isomers of hydroxyproline was not observed. Productivity of Hyp was almost the same in a larger-scale culture. The method of manufacturing Hyp from L-proline was established.     

Effect of L-proline on sake brewing and ethanol stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

During the fermentation of sake, cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae are exposed to high concentrations of ethanol, thereby damaging the cell membrane and functional proteins. L-proline protects yeast cells from damage caused by freezing or oxidative stress. In this study, we evaluated the role of intracellular L-proline in cells of S. cerevisiae grown under ethanol stress. An L-proline-accumulating laboratory strain carries a mutant allele of PRO1, pro1(D154N), which encodes the Asp154Asn mutant gamma-glutamyl kinase. This mutation increases the activity of gamma-glutamyl kinase and gamma-glutamyl phosphate reductase, which catalyze the first two steps of L-proline synthesis and which together may form a complex in vivo. When cultured in liquid medium in the presence of 9% and 18% ethanol under static conditions, the cell viability of the L-proline-accumulating laboratory strain is greater than the cell viability of the parent strain. This result suggests that intracellular accumulation of L-proline may confer tolerance to ethanol stress. We constructed a novel sake yeast strain by disrupting the PUT1 gene, which is required for L-proline utilization, and replacing the wild-type PRO1 allele with the pro1(D154N) allele. The resultant strain accumulated L-proline and was more tolerant to ethanol stress than was the control strain. We used the strain that could accumulate L-proline to brew sake containing five times more L-proline than what is found in sake brewed with the control strain, without affecting the fermentation profiles.     

耐高糖高产2,3-丁二醇产酸克雷伯氏杆菌的选育

以产酸克雷伯氏杆菌(Klebsiella oxytoca) ME-UD-3为出发菌株,经紫外线及硫酸二乙酯复合诱变后分别在葡萄糖浓度逐渐提高的液体培养基中进行富集培养,筛选获得了一株耐高糖的2,3-丁二醇高产突变菌株K. oxytoca ME-UD-3-4;该菌株的初始葡萄糖耐受浓度从出发菌株的120g/L提高到300g/L以上,在初始葡萄糖浓度为95 g/L的条件下发酵培养,与出发菌株相比发酵时间缩短了8h,2,3-丁二醇的产量由原来的38.5g/L提高到43.0g/L,生产强度从0.80 g/L·h提高到1.08 g/L·h,转化率达到了理论值的91%。     

高产PUFAs深黄被孢霉菌株的筛选

以深黄被孢霉(Mortierella isabellina As3.3410)为出发菌株,经微波诱变和紫外诱变,乙酰水杨酸与低温(15℃)相结合的筛选方法,获得1株高产多不饱和脂肪酸菌株A35-4,其生物量为17.9 g/L,油脂含量为67.8%,油脂产量为12.12 g/L,PUFAs含量为20.3%,PUFAs产量为2.46 g/L,上述指标比原始菌株A0分别增加32.6%、49.8%、98.69%、14.0%和125.7%。连续斜面传代培养证实该菌株具有较好的遗传稳定性。本研究为直接利用该菌株生产PUFAs以及克隆高效PUFAs相关基因,创造高含PUFAs转基因植物材料奠定基础。     

Proline excretion by Escherichia coli K12

Proline excretion from proline overproducing strains of E. coli K12 has been studied as a model chemical production system. We have isolated proline overproducing mutants of E. coli and have shown that uncontrolled synthesis is not sufficient to cause excretion of this amino acid. An episomal mutation causing proline over production has been introduced into a series of otherwise isogenic strains that bear well defined, chromosomal lesions affecting the active uptake and catabolism of L-proline. A syntropism test reveals that L-proline is excreted by overproducing strains only if transport and/or catabolism are impaired. Dansyl derivatization and chromatographic analysis of culture supernatants shows that proline is the only amino acid excreted. Batch cultures of an excreting strain in an amino acid production medium yield culture supernatants containing 1 g proline/L, whereas no proline is detectable in supernatants derived from cultures of an overproducing strain with normal transport and catabolic activities. These data reveal that genetic lesions eliminating active uptake can be used to specifically enhance metabolite excretion.     

玉米原料高产γ-聚谷氨酸优良菌株的选育及发酵条件优化

以实验室筛选到的一株枯草芽孢杆菌（Bacillus subtilis）B-1为出发菌株,采用紫外诱变技术对出发菌株进行反复诱变,得到一株能够利用玉米原料生产γ-聚谷氨酸的优良高产菌株B-115,摇瓶发酵γ-聚谷氨酸的产量由原菌株的12.5g/L提高到19.5g/L。再以该菌株为研究对象利用响应面法进行碳源、氮源、谷氨酸钠、金属离子等发酵条件的优化实验,经48h摇瓶发酵,γ-聚谷氨酸产量达到40.98g/ L。