盐穗木盐相关转录因子HcSCL13基因启动子的克隆及活性初步分析

为探明盐穗木盐相关转录因子基因Hc SCL13的表达调控规律,利用基因组步移法成功克隆获得该基因2 200 bp的启动子序列。Plant CARE数据库分析结果表明,该启动子不仅含有启动子区的核心元件CAAT-box和TATA-box,还包含多个与逆境应答有关的顺式调控元件。将克隆获得的Hc SCL13转录因子基因启动子序列定向替换p BI121载体上的35S启动子,构建融合表达载体并转染模式植物拟南芥,对转基因拟南芥进行GUS组织化学染色。结果显示转基因拟南芥整株被染色,提示该启动子具有表达活性且可能为组成型启动子。     

拟南芥AtNCED2基因启动子区域序列克隆及其活性分析

目的:克隆拟南芥AtNCED2基因启动子区域序列,并分析其组织器官特异性及对外界刺激的响应.方法:通过PCR从拟南芥基因组中克隆AtNCED2基因5'侧翼2295bp启动子区域序列(AtNCED2p),并进行生物信息学分析.构建AtNCED2p驱动GUS的植物双元表达载体pAtNCED2p::GUS,通过根癌农杆菌介导法将其转化野生型拟南芥,检测转基因植侏中GUS表达的组织器官特异性.结果:该启动子序列中存在TATA-box、CAAT-box、根器官特异性元件、ABA响应元件、低温响应元件、昼夜节律响应元件等顺式作用元件.GUS活性主要集中在转基因拟南芥根尖及侧根发生部位.外源ABA处理的转基因植株根中GUS活性为174.8nmol 4-MU min-1 mg-1蛋白,明显高于对照值91.7nmol 4-MU min-1mg-1蛋白.结论:AtNCED2基因可能在根的生长和发育中起作用,且外源ABA处理增强其在根中的表达.     

人工合成启动子SAR在拟南芥中的表达分析

利用植物防御基因中的病原诱导响应元件和最小35S启动子(-62～+1),人工合成了启动子SAP,并以GUS基因为报告基因,在转基因拟南芥中分析了合成启动子的表达特性.通过对转基因拟南芥GUS组织染色的分析表明:SAR启动子在子叶、毛刺、根茎交接处和根系中优势表达,在老叶中的表达量高于幼叶,说明SAR启动子具有组织和发育表达特异性.     

抗逆基因AtRPK1启动子关键顺式作用元件的研究

为确定拟南芥抗逆相关基因AtRPK1启动子的顺式功能元件,对其启动子区进行了分段克隆。通过5'端缺失方法得到203、316、604、809 bp 4个启动子片段,分别构建成p1300-pro-GUS表达载体,并转入拟南芥,进行GUS染色和GUS定量检测。通过对809 bp全长启动子转基因拟南芥GUS染色发现,转基因拟南芥的叶片、茎、花、根中均有表达,在分生能力强的组织和维管束集中的组织,AtRPK1基因启动子具有较高启动表达能力。5'端缺失启动子检测结果表明,转录起始点到启动子上游-114位点区域包含AtRPK1基因启动子的关键顺式作用元件。对启动子缺失片段转基因植株利用200 mmol·L-1NaCl胁迫3 h后,β-葡萄糖苷酸酶活力定量检测结果表明,在启动子上游-19位点处的GT-1顺式作用元件GAAAAA可能直接与盐胁迫应答相关。     

芥菜型油菜BjuA09DFR基因及其启动子的克隆与转化和表达

该研究利用实时荧光定量(qRT-PCR)检测了BjuA09 DFR基因的时空表达特异性,并通过克隆BjuA09 DFR基因启动子片段,构建该基因的启动子GUS融合表达载体,利用农杆菌介导法将重组质粒转入野生型拟南芥,最后对拟南芥转基因材料不同发育时期的不同组织部位进行GUS组织化学染色,分析BjuA09 DFR基因启动子的表达模式,为BjuA09 DFR基因启动子功能的进一步研究提供理论依据。结果表明:(1)BjuA09 DFR基因在芥菜型油菜的多个组织部位都有表达,尤其是在叶、花、角果和授粉后15d种子中表达量较高。(2)成功构建了BjuA09 DFR基因启动子和GUS基因融合表达载体(pBjuA09 DFR∷GUS),采用农杆菌介导法将重组质粒转入野生型拟南芥,经卡那霉素筛选和PCR检测抗性苗,获得转基因拟南芥阳性苗。(3)GUS组织化学分析结果显示,转基因拟南芥材料的GUS活性具有明显的时空特异性,在叶、花、角果和种子中的染色较深,具有很强的GUS活性。     

普通野生稻绿色组织特异表达启动子的克隆与鉴定

绿色组织特异表达启动子可调控外源基因只在受体作物的绿色组织中定点、高效地表达。以普通野生稻为实验材料,克隆了绿色组织特异表达启动子Or GSP,构建Or GSP和GUS基因融合的表达载体,转入拟南芥中鉴定功能。启动子Or GSP长度为825 bp,含有基本的转录起始元件TATA-box和CAAT-box,以及光响应元件TCCC-motif、Sp1、G-box、I-box、GA-motif和as-2-box等。转基因拟南芥GUS组织化学染色结果表明,启动子Or GSP调控GUS基因只在绿色组织中特异表达。GUS活性测定结果显示,叶和茎中的GUS活性比根中明显提高。普通野生稻中克隆的启动子Or GSP为绿色组织特异表达启动子,可为作物分子育种提供新的调控元件。     

番茄E8基因启动子的克隆及其在拟南芥中的表达

利用PCR技术从番茄基因组DNA中克隆长约1.1kb的E8基因启动子与517bp的E8基因片段,将其二者连接构建植物表达载体,导入农杆菌,通过花序侵染法转化拟南芥,得到转基因拟南芥。用RT-PCR分析转基因拟南芥中E8基因启动子驱动E8基因小片段的结果表明,E8基因小片段mRNA仅在转基因拟南芥长角果中转录,根、茎、叶、花中不转录,提示E8基因的1.1kb启动子在异源植物拟南芥中仍具有驱动外源基因果实特异性表达的特性。     

拟南芥根特异表达基因启动子在烟草中的表达

以拟南芥为材料,利用PCR技术分离pyk10启动子序列,构建了该启动子GUS植物表达载体,农杆菌介导转化烟草,分析该基因在烟草中的表达,以明确拟南芥根特异表达基因pyk10启动子在烟草中的表达特性.结果表明:克隆的pyk10启动子与已报道的pyk10启动子一致性为100%,GUS基因在烟草的根部特异表达,表明该启动子为根部特异表达启动子,为揭示植物根的发生、分化和发育机制,以及培育抗根部病虫害和营养高效利用型转基因烟草奠定了基础.     

油葵种子特异启动子Ha ds10 G1的克隆及功能鉴定

从油葵中克隆得到LEA蛋白基因家族Ha ds10 G1基因的启动子序列,并对其进行功能分析。利用PCR技术从油葵品种"矮大头"基因组DNA中分离Ha ds10 G1基因上游的调控序列,将其与GUS基因融合,构建种子特异性表达载体p BI121-PHa ds10,通过根癌农杆菌介导法转化烟草(Nicotiana tabacum)NC89,对再生植株进行PCR、RT-PCR和GUS组织化学分析,以检测GUS基因在转基因烟草中的表达情况。结果表明,油葵Ha ds10 G1基因启动子长度为1 417 bp,与已报道的向日葵Ha ds10G1基因启动子序列同源性为89.42%。作用元件分析发现该区域除了具有启动子核心调控序列外,还含有多个与组织特异性、激素、逆境等表达相关的顺式作用元件,如RY重复元件、ABRE元件、TC-rich元件等。转基因植株的PCR结果显示,成功地获得了转基因阳性植株;GUS活性检测表明,该启动子序列仅能够驱动GUS基因在烟草种子表达,而在根、茎、叶等组织中均未检测到GUS基因表达。因此,油葵LEA蛋白基因家族Ha ds10 G1基因上游1 417 bp片段具有种子特异性启动子功能。研究结果为油葵等油料作物的油脂遗传改良提供组织特异性启动子。     

大麦与油菜种皮特异启动子表达模式的比较

启动子位于转录起始位点上游并能特异性地结合RNA聚合酶,其作为调控序列驱动外源基因在异源植物中表达,从而实现转基因的高效性,具有时空表达特异性的启动子对获得有效转基因植物及产物具有重要意义。为了解种皮特异启动子的表达模式,该研究基于前期报道的序列,通过同源克隆的方法分别从大麦和油菜中克隆获得Gerb和Bntt两个种皮特异性启动子,并对其进行生物信息学分析,构建了Gerb::GUS和Bntt::GUS植物表达载体并转化拟南芥,通过组织化学染色观察了GUS的表达情况。结果表明:两种启动子序列中都含有多拷贝种皮特异表达启动子元件以及多种胁迫诱导响应元件;转基因拟南芥幼苗期,大麦Gerb种皮特异启动子驱动GUS全株表达且子叶和下胚轴较真叶和根中表达量高;油菜Bntt种皮特异启动子表达较弱;成株期,Gerb在不同组织(叶片、茎、花序和角果)中均有表达,未显示组织特异性;Bntt仅在叶片及角果维管束中有微弱表达。在各种非生物胁迫下,Gerb表达模式未发生显著变化,而Bntt仅在盐胁迫下显示很强的角果和种子特异性表达,其他胁迫未见明显表达。以上结果显示,大麦种皮特异性启动子Gerb和油菜种皮特异性启动子Bntt在时间和空间表达模式上存在差异,这对今后选择种皮特异启动子具有参考作用,但其具体机制仍需进一步研究验证。     

Cloning of an ovule specific promoter from Arabidopsis thaliana and expression of beta-glucuronidase

Tissue specific expression of transgenes in plant species has several advantages over constitutive expression. Identification of ovule specific promoters would be useful in genetic engineering of plants with a variety of desirable traits such as genetically engineered parthenocarpy, female sterile plants or seedless fruits. Relative inaccessibility and difficulty in harvesting adequate amounts of tissue at known developmental stages has impeded the progress in cloning of promoters involved in ovule development. In the present study an ovule specific promoter was cloned from Arabidopsis AGL11 gene and used to express GUS (beta-glucuronidase) gene in transgenic Arabidopsis. Histochemical staining of GUS appeared in the center of young ovary (ovules), but no detectable GUS activity was observed in vegetative plant tissues, sepals, petals and androecium. AGL11 gene promoter can be useful to modify the developmental path of plants by expressing either plant hormones or lethal genes for agronomic purpose.     

拟南芥2-甲基-6-叶绿基-1,4-苯醌甲基转移酶启动子的分离及表达特性分析

维生素E是一类人体必需的脂溶性抗氧化剂, 具有重要的生理功能。2-甲基-6-叶绿基-1,4-苯醌甲基转移酶(MPBQ MT)是天然维生素E合成途径中的关键酶之一, 催化MPBQ甲基化, 生成DMPBQ。从拟南芥分离了MPBQ MT基因1018bp的启动子序列, 构建了含该启动子和GUS报告基因的植物表达载体, 通过农杆菌介导转化拟南芥, 获得了转基因植株。GUS组织化学染色结果表明, 在MPBQ MT启动子驱动下, 报告基因GUS在拟南芥的茎、叶、花萼、雄蕊、种荚均有表达, 且在茎、叶、种荚中表达量较高, 而在根、花瓣和种子中则没有观察到GUS基因的表达, 表明MPBQ MT基因可能仅在拟南芥幼嫩茎、叶、种荚等绿色组织中特异性高表达。     

水稻谷蛋白GluA-2基因5′上游序列控制下的UidA基因在转基因水稻胚乳中的表达模式

为了研究谷蛋白胚乳特异性表达启动子在我国栽培稻品种中的表达模式,将UidA基因分别置于水稻谷蛋白GluA—2基因750bp和2．3kb上游序列下游,利用农杆菌转化法导人栽培稻品种中花8号并获得转基因植株。Southern blot检测表明,UidA基因已经整合到水稻基因组当中并以单拷贝存在。Northern blot检测表明,开花后13～15d和11～13d,UidA基因和水稻内源的GluA—2基因的表达量分别达到最高,随后逐渐降低。对转基因植株种子的GUS染色表明,UidA基因仅在胚乳中表达,在糊粉层中GUS表达量最高。测定了2．3kb和750bp转基因植株种子的GUS活性,结果表明前者的GUS活性是后者的2～3倍。序列分析表明,位于GluA—2基因转录启始位点上游2170bD的G-box可能是一个与表达量相关的顺式调控元件。     

Synthesis of enzymatically active human alpha-L-iduronidase in Arabidopsis cgl (complex glycan-deficient) seeds

As an initial step to develop plants as systems to produce enzymes for the treatment of lysosomal storage disorders, Arabidopsis thaliana wild-type (Col-0) plants were transformed with a construct to express human alpha-l-iduronidase (IDUA; EC 3.2.1.76) in seeds using the promoter and other regulatory sequences of the Phaseolus vulgaris arcelin 5-I gene. IDUA protein was easily detected on Western blots of extracts from the T(2) seeds, and extracts contained IDUA activity as high as 2.9 nmol 4-methylumbelliferone (4 MU)/min/mg total soluble protein (TSP), corresponding to approximately 0.06 microg IDUA/mg TSP. The purified protein reacted with an antibody specific for xylose-containing plant complex glycans, indicating its transit through the Golgi complex. In an attempt to avoid maturation of the N-linked glycans of IDUA, the same IDUA transgene was introduced into the Arabidopsis cgl background, which is deficient in the activity of N-acetylglucosaminyl transferase I (EC 2.4.1.101), the first enzyme in the pathway of complex glycan biosynthesis. IDUA activity and protein levels were significantly higher in transgenic cgl vs. wild-type seeds (e.g. maximum levels were 820 nmol 4 MU/min/mg TSP, or 18 microg IDUA/mg TSP). Affinity-purified IDUA derived from cgl mutant seeds showed a markedly reduced reaction with the antibody specific for plant complex glycans, despite transit of the protein to the apoplast. Furthermore, gel mobility changes indicated that a greater proportion of its N-linked glycans were susceptible to digestion by Streptomyces endoglycosidase H, as compared to IDUA derived from seeds of wild-type Arabidopsis plants. The combined results indicate that IDUA produced in cgl mutant seeds contains glycans primarily in the high-mannose form. This work clearly supports the viability of using plants for the production of human therapeutics with high-mannose glycans.     

An ABC transporter gene of Arabidopsis thaliana, AtWBC11, is involved in cuticle development and prevention of organ fusion

Cuticle, including wax and cutin, is the barrier covering plant aerial organs and protecting the inner tissues. The Arabidopsis thaliana ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter CER5 (AtWBC12) has been identified as a wax exporter. In agreement with the latest report of another wax exporter, AtWBC11, here we show that atwbc11 mutants displayed organ fusions and stunted growth, and became vulnerable to chlorophyll leaching and toluidine blue staining. Chemical analysis showed that wax and cutin monomers were both reduced in the atwbc11 mutant. AtWBC11 was widely expressed in aerial organs. Interestingly, we found that the expression was light dependent, and the phytohormone ABA up-regulated AtWBC11 expression. We also found that while the AtWBC11 promoter had a broad pattern of activity, the expression was converted to epidermis specific when the reporter gene was fused to AtWBC11 cDNA. Furthermore, RNA blot analysis supported epidermis-specific expression of AtWBC11. Our results support that AtWBC11 is involved in cuticle development.     

Characterization of grape Gibberellin Insensitive1 mutant alleles in transgenic Arabidopsis

We generated 12 different mutations in the grape Gibberellin Insensitive1 (VvGAI1) sequences, transformed them into Arabidopsis under the control of 35S, Arabidopsis GAI or grape GAI1 promoter, and evaluated the impact of these mutant alleles on plant growth and development. These VvGAI1 sequence variants included some mimics of the known GAI-like mutant alleles discovered in grape, wheat, barley, corn, Brassica, and Arabidopsis. In general, plant height and related traits such as length of internodes and inflorescences were significantly reduced for most of the mutant alleles studied, regardless of which promoter was used. Interestingly, the numbers of rosette leaves and lateral branches were generally reduced when a 35S promoter was used to express the mutant alleles, but increased when an Arabidopsis or grape GAI promoter was used. Furthermore, the 35S plants often displayed curly and small leaves. In contrast, the leaves of the plants carrying mutant alleles controlled by a GAI promoter were of variable size, dark green and rarely curly. In addition, when certain VvGAI1 mutant alleles were under the control of the grape GAI1 promoter, the number of pods on inflorescences was significantly increased, but some of the pods produced few seeds due to partial sterility. On the basis of the systematic evaluation of various VvGAI1 mutant alleles in Arabidopsis, we concluded that the VvGAI1 mutant alleles mimicking the GAI or GAI-like mutant variants discovered in wheat, barley and Brassica could potentially be useful for the improvement of grapevine plant architecture.