透明颤菌血红蛋白基因在提高枯草芽孢杆菌产脂肽功能中的研究

脂肽是一类具有特殊作用的生物表面活性剂。本实验将血红蛋白基因(vhb)置于RDR细菌启动子驱动下的质粒PSET中,构建PSET-RDR-vhb重组质粒,并通过电激作用转入脂肽代谢菌株-枯草芽孢杆菌株(bacillus subtilis)ZW-3中,转化菌株经酶切和PCR电泳检测鉴定,Southern-blot杂交显示部分转化菌株中外源基因插入基因组DNA,采用一氧化碳差异色谱法测定了血红蛋白的表达量。实验进一步对转化菌株的生长曲线、总蛋白量、过氧化氢酶活性、脂肽的产率进行了测定,结果显示,相比于原始菌株,转化菌株数据均有明显提高。     

透明颤菌血红蛋白基因在解淀粉芽孢杆菌中的表达及其影响

将强启动子P43与透明颤菌血红蛋白基因（vgb）通过重叠延伸PCR进行融合,克隆到芽孢杆菌整合表达载体pDG1730中,重组表达载体pDG-P43vgb转化促生防病解淀粉芽孢杆菌FZB42,Wsetern-Blot和CO差光谱分析表明重组菌株FZB42-VHb表达了有活性的VHb蛋白,VHb的表达对重组菌株菌体的生长及抗菌脂肽的产生都有促进作用.在相同培养条件下,重组菌最大菌体密度比原始菌株提高了14.49 %,抗菌脂肽fengycin的产量提高了1.74倍,抗菌脂肽surfactin的产量提高了3.14倍.     

透明颤菌血红蛋白在枯草芽孢杆菌WB800中的表达及其对菌体生长的影响

通过基因工程的方法,将透明颤菌血红蛋白基因(vhb)置于大肠杆菌-枯草杆菌穿梭质粒pBEP43-DFE的强启动子P43下,构建重组质粒pBEP43-vhb,并通过化学感受态法转入枯草杆菌WB800中,转化子经过酶切和PCR验证。采用一氧化碳差异色谱法测定转入的血红蛋白基因具有表达活性。通过限氧试验表明,血红蛋白基因能在低氧环境下促进菌体的生长。     

透明颤菌血红蛋白基因vgb和腈水解酶基因bxn在毕赤酵母中的表达研究

为获得高效表达外源蛋白的Pichia pastoris菌株而设计了重组质粒pPIC9K—vgbbxn,其中透明颤菌血红蛋白基因vgb胞内表达以提高菌体的发酵密度,腈水解酶基因bxn分泌表达。转化GS115菌株后,通过PCR、SDS-PAGE检测证实两基因已经整合进酵母基因组且能高效表达,以及用准确的蛋白活性测定方法成功地检测到二所表达的产物均具有正常的活性。摇瓶发酵实验证明,血红蛋白在贫氧条件下可明显促进酵母菌体生长和bxn基因分泌表达。     

透明颤菌血红蛋白基因在产PHB重组大肠杆菌中的引入

将透明颤菌血红蛋白基因 (vgb)采用插入染色体的方式引入产聚 β 羟基丁酸酯(PHB)重组大肠杆菌VG1 (pTU1 4)中 ,以从分子水平上提高克隆菌对氧的利用率 ,解决PHB发酵生产过程中的供氧矛盾 ,透明颤菌血红蛋白的一氧化碳差光谱分析明表 ,vgb基因可以在VG1 (pTU1 4)中成功表达 ,且其表达量受溶氧水平的调控。Vgb基因的引入可以同时促进菌体生长和PHB产品的积累 ,且溶氧水平越低 ,VHB表达量越高 ,这种促进作用就越明显     

蜡样芽孢杆菌ATCC14579核黄素操纵子的克隆及在枯草芽孢杆菌中的表达

利用BLAST从B．cereus ATCC14579的基因组中找到一段与枯草芽孢杆茵核黄素操纵子具有较高相似性的4．6kb大小的基因组DNA片段,该片段中含有完整的核黄素操纵子。该操纵子结构基因的编码产物的氨基酸序列与枯草芽孢杆菌核黄素操纵子相应结构基因的编码产物的氨基酸序列具有99％的同源性。该片段被克隆到大肠杆茵一枯草芽孢杆茵穿梭载体pHP13M中。表达分析的结果表明B．cereus ATCC14579核黄素操纵子可在大肠杆茵和枯草芽孢杆菌中表达。利用PCR方法用来自枯草杆菌的sac B基因的启动子替换B．cereus ATCC14579核黄素操纵子原有的启动子使其更好表达。替换启动子后的核黄素操纵子在本文使用的发酵条件下有较好的表达,核黄素产量从39．5mg／L增加到61．7mg/L.     

透明颤菌血红蛋白基因在阿维链霉菌中的表达

将含有自身启动子的透明颤菌血红蛋白基因（ ｖｈｂ） 克隆至大肠杆菌—链霉菌穿梭质粒载体ｐＩＪ６５３ 中构建成表达载体ｐ ＷＹ１０１ 和ｐ ＷＹ１０２ ,用它们转化阿维菌素（ａｖｅｒｍｅｃｔｉｎｓ） 产生菌———阿维链霉菌（ Ｓｔｒｅｐｔｏｍｙｃｅｓ ａｖｅｒｍｉｔｉｌｉｓ） ,经Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ ｂｌｏｔｔｉｎｇ 分析并未检测到ｖｈｂ 基因表达,但用穿梭载体ｐＨＺ１２５２（ 其中的ｖｈｂ 基因位于受硫链丝菌素诱导的链霉菌强启动子ＰｔｉｐＡ之下） 转化阿维链霉菌并经硫链丝菌素诱导,则在该菌中表达出了有活性的ＶＨｂ 蛋白。ｐＨＺ１２５２ 在阿维链霉菌中发生了重组缺失,但缺失的ｐＨＺ１２５２ 上仍含有完整的ｖｈｂ 基因及诱导型强启动子,且可在阿维链霉菌中稳定遗传,却不能再转化大肠杆菌。     

透明颤菌血红蛋白基因在金色链霉菌中的克隆与表达

分别用质粒pJJ699与pUC19(vhb),pIJ702与pBR322(vhb),构建大肠杆菌链霉菌穿梭质粒,将透明颤菌血红蛋白基因转入金色链霉菌。在低溶解氧浓度下,透明颤菌血红蛋白的表达,可提高金色链霉菌氧的利用效率,产物合成比原始菌株提高40%～60%。在局部低氧的环境中,采用四环素抗性基因启动子带动血红蛋白基因表达,可有效发挥透明颤菌血红蛋白的氧传递效率,优于透明颤菌血红蛋白基因受溶解氧调控的天然启动子。     

透明颤菌血红蛋白基因调控与功能的研究

透明颤菌(Vitreoscila)血红蛋白(VHB)是一种氧调节、氧结合蛋白。其基因(vgb)已被克隆及表达。Vgb基因表达在转录水平上受氧控制．FNR蛋白作为厌氧激活于介入该调节过程。VHb可与氧结合参与细胞代谢过程,使细胞适应贫氧环境。Vgb基因的氧调控启动子和VHb蛋白的生理功能在基因工程和发酵工程具有良好的应用前景。     

利用PCR法扩增透明颤菌血红蛋白基因条件的优化

以透明颤菌染色体基因组DNA为模板,利用PCR技术获取透明颤菌(Vitreoscilla)血红蛋白基因(vgb)。在多聚合酶链式反应中采用碱变性模板与热启动等方法进行透明颤菌血红蛋白基因体外扩增,成功地扩增出约0.5 kb的透明颤菌血红蛋白基因,并对vgb的PCR条件进行了研究。获取理想的目的基因PCR反应的综合参数比十分重要。     

枯草芽孢杆菌核黄素操纵子rib operon的克隆与表达

目的:构建产核黄素的枯草芽孢杆菌基因工程菌.方法:以穿梭载体pEB03构建核黄素操纵子的表达质粒载体pGJB13和pGJB14,与质粒pMX45分别转化产核黄素的枯草芽孢杆菌GJ07,并通过发酵摇瓶实验检测核黄素的产量.结果:得到产核黄素的工程菌GJ13 、GJ14和GJ08,在以蔗糖为碳源的发酵条件下,GJ08可产核黄素820mg/L,提高了约55%.结论:得到了产核黄素的高产菌种G J08.     

Genetic engineering of Bacillus subtilis for the commercial production of riboflavin

Recombinant DNA engineering was combined with mutant selection and fermentation improvement to develop a strain of Bacillus subtilis that produces commercially attractive levels of riboflavin. The B. subtilis riboflavin production strain contains multiple copies of a modified B. subtilis riboflavin biosynthetic operon (rib operon) integrated at two different sites in the B. subtilis chromosome. The modified rib operons are expressed constitutively from strong phage promoters located at the 5′ end and in an internal region of the operon. The engineered strain also contains purine analog-resistant mutations designed to deregulate the purine pathway (GTP is the precursor for riboflavin), and a riboflavin analog-resistant mutation in ribC that deregulates the riboflavin biosynthetic pathway. Received 22 June 1998/ Accepted in revised form 6 November 1998     

透明颤菌vgb基因在脱氮假单胞菌中的表达及对维生素B12合成的碳中心代谢流分析

在为维生素B₁₂生产菌株脱氮假单胞菌确立合适的接合转移操作条件的基础上,通过单交换的方式,将vgb基因整合到脱氮假单胞菌染色体上,获得了vgb重组菌株Pvgb-16,并通过¹³C同位素标记实验,探索VHb蛋白对脱氮假单胞菌碳中心代谢流变化和维生素B₁₂合成的影响。研究结果表明,在相同的供氧条件下,vgb重组菌株Pvgb-16拥有更高的比生长速率和比产物合成速率,与出发菌株相比分别提升了22%和52%。碳代谢通量分布分析表明,vgb重组菌株Pvgb-16的PP途径改善,提升了NADPH合成通量;甘氨酸由甜菜碱合成的通量上升,促进了前体物质氨基乙酰丙酸的合成,进一步加速维生素B₁₂的合成。总体来看,含vgb基因的重组菌株与出发菌株相比在促进菌体的生长、维生素B₁₂的合成速率及得率上都有显著效果,对进一步的发酵生产应用研究具有重要意义。     

Enhancement of riboflavin production by overexpression of acetolactate synthase in a pta mutant of Bacillus subtilis

Genetic alterations of carbon flux into the acetoin biosynthesis pathway as a possible means to reduce acid accumulation were investigated in the riboflavin-producing Bacillus subtilis during growth on glucose. The lower rates of cell growth and riboflavin production were found in the pta-disrupted mutant while the rate of acetate formation was reduced. In contrast, acid accumulation was significantly reduced, to one-fifth that of the parental strain RH33::[pRB63](n), and a 50% increase in the riboflavin yield was obtained when the expression of the gene encoding acetolactate synthase was increased in the pta-disrupted mutant. Metabolic analysis, together with enzyme activity assays, indicated that the tricarboxylic acid cycle fluxes are significantly increased in response to acetolactate synthase overexpression in pta-disrupted mutant. Moreover, the intracellular ATP-to-ADP ratio also increased 5.8-fold. The high concentration of ATP could explain the increased riboflavin production.     

Stoichiometric growth model for riboflavin-producing Bacillus subtilis

Rate equations for measured extracellular rates and macromolecular composition data were combined with a stoichiometric model to describe riboflavin production with an industrial Bacillus subtilis strain using errors in variables regression analysis. On the basis of this combined stoichiometric growth model, we explored the topological features of the B. subtilis metabolic reaction network that was assembled from a large amount of literature. More specifically, we simulated maximum theoretical yields of biomass and riboflavin, including the associated flux regimes. Based on the developed model, the importance of experimental data on building block requirements for maximum yield and flux calculations were investigated. These analyses clearly show that verification of macromolecular composition data is important for optimum flux calculations.     

在兽疫链球菌中表达vgb基因和HA合成基因提高透明质酸产量

透明质酸(HA)是一种在医药及化妆品领域具有广泛应用的天然粘多糖。兽疫链球菌(Streptococcuszooepidemicus)是工业上生产透明质酸的菌种之一。透明颤菌血红蛋白(VHb)具有增强细胞摄氧的作用。对生产透明质酸的兽疫链球菌进行了基因改造:将兽疫链球菌HA的合成基因hasABC以及合成透明颤菌血红蛋白的vgb基因(Vitreoscillahemoglobingene,vgb)分别或同时插入阳性菌表达质粒pEU308中,通过电转化导入兽疫链球菌中。通过一氧化碳(CO)差光谱检测到了VHb的表达。在摇瓶实验中,同时带有hasABC和vgb基因的重组菌比野生菌的透明质酸产量提高了30％。而在发酵罐中,带有这2个基因的重组菌的透明质酸产量达到了6．9g／L,高于重组菌5．5g／L的产量。实验结果表明,vgb基因的存在促进了细胞的生长,hasABC操纵子的过表达增强了透明质酸的合成。首次将VHb导入兽疫链球菌中,获得了表达,并证明其对菌体生长及透明质酸合成有促进作用。通过研究,VHb将可以在阳性菌中获得更广泛的应用。     

Commercial riboflavin production by recombinant Bacillus subtilis: down-stream processing and comparison of the composition of riboflavin produced by fermentation or chemical synthesis

A novel process for riboflavin production using a recombinant Bacillus subtilis strain has been developed. Here we describe a down-stream processing procedure to obtain riboflavin qualities having a minimal content of 96% (‘feed-grade’) and 98% (‘food/pharma-grade’) riboflavin, respectively. Compared to riboflavin produced by chemical synthesis, products with improved chemical purity were obtained. All compounds representing more than 0.1% of the final products were identified. Feed-grade riboflavin material ex fermentation contained small amounts of amino acids and amino sugars and the biosynthetic riboflavin precursor dimethyl-ribityl-lumazine. All other side products found were derived from riboflavin, resulted from the purification procedure and were also found in riboflavin obtained by chemical synthesis. The Bacillus-produced riboflavin does not contain DNA. The data presented here were used to obtain product approval for the commercial application in the USA, Japan and the UK. Received 22 July 1998/ Accepted in revised form 8 November 1998     

枯草芽孢杆菌ccpA基因敲除及对其核黄素产量的影响

CcpA蛋白是介导枯草芽孢杆菌碳分解代谢物阻遏(CCR)的全局调控因子,由ccpA基因编码。CCR效应的存在影响B.subtilis对葡萄糖的利用,降低B.subtilis生产发酵产品的效率。采用基因重组技术敲除了核黄素发酵菌株B.subtilis24/pMX45的ccpA基因,构建了CcpA缺陷株B.subtilis24A1/pMX45。发酵结果显示:B.subtilis24A1/pMX45能够在70h内基本耗尽10%的葡萄糖,生物量达到1.5×109个细胞/mL,溢流代谢产物积累量减少,在8%和10%葡萄糖浓度下,B.subtilis24A1/pMX45核黄素产量分别比B.subtilis24/pMX45提高了62%和95%。CcpA的缺陷,可以缓解葡萄糖引起的CCR效应,显著提高菌株的核黄素产量。     

GTP cyclohydrolase II and 3,4-dihydroxy-2-butanone 4-phosphate synthase are rate-limiting enzymes in riboflavin synthesis of an industrial Bacillus subtilis strain used for riboflavin production

One of the proteins encoded by the riboflavin operon of Bacillus subtilis, RibA, was identified as the rate limiting enzyme in an industrial riboflavin producing strain. An additional single copy of the ribA gene was introduced into the sacB locus of the riboflavin production strain and was expressed constitutively from the medium strength vegI promoter. This led to improved riboflavin titers and yields of riboflavin on glucose of up to 25%. Both enzymatic activities of RibA, the 3,4-dihydroxy-2-butanone 4-phosphate synthase activity located in the N-terminal half of the protein and the GTP cyclohydrolase II activity of the C-terminal domain, are necessary for the improved riboflavin productivity. Received 16 June 1998/ Accepted in revised form 30 October 1998