西藏绒山羊KA P9.2基因CDS克隆、外显子区多态性及表达分析

KAP9.2基因是角蛋白关联蛋白(keratin associated protein, KAP)中的一员,在毛发的形成过程中有重要的调控作用。本研究对西藏绒山KAP9.2基因CDS进行了克隆;采用直接测序法对绒山羊200个个体KAP9.2基因外显子区的遗传变异情况进行分析;并利用Real-time PCR分析了KAP9.2基因在不同海拔山羊中的表达。结果显示,西藏绒山羊KAP9.2基因CDS序列为576 bp,编码191个氨基酸;KAP9.2基因外显子存在25处SNP位点及一处30 bp的缺失突变,其中12处SNP为错义突变,其他13处为同义突变。遗传多态性分析表明KAP9.2基因多态性丰富,遗传变异大;连锁分析发现12与388位点、54与93位点、153与159位点、273与279位点完全连锁,H1为优势单倍型;Real-time PCR显示西藏绒山羊KAP9.2基因在高海拔地区m RNA表达水平显著高于特高海拔地区,推测该基因可能促进绒毛的生长。本研究结果揭示了西藏绒山羊KAP9.2基因的遗传多态性及其在不同海拔的表达,为进一步研究KAP9.2基因潜在的功能位点提供一定的理论依据。     

与绵羊KAP6-1相似的6个绒山羊全长cDNA的克隆与序列分析

用SMART^TM技术构建了绒山羊体侧部皮肤组织的cDNA文库,随机挑选克隆提取质粒,用M13正向测序引物对插入片段进行测序,得到636个cDNA序列。与GenBank数据库比对,有41个序列与绵羊角蛋白关联蛋白(Keratin Associated Protein,KAP6-1)cDNA高度同源。41个序列可归为6个不同的cDNA,GenBank登陆号分别为AY310749、AY310750、AY310751、AY310752、AY310753和AY310754。与绵羊KAP6-1基因组基因比较,推测这6个序列为全长cDNA,分别为编码82、84、71、71、83和83个氮基酸的碱性蛋白质,甘氮酸和酪氮酸的含量大于60％,它们之间核苷酸序列的一致性大于55．4％,读码框氮基酸序列的一致性大于79．8％。与其他物种KAP6s比较,绒山羊的6个eDNA和绵羊的KAP6-1 cDNA的序列一致性最高,为81．9％～98．8％,不同物种KAP6-1之间氮基酸序列一致性大于50％。     

阿尔巴斯白绒山羊KAP6家族cDNA的特征分析

在构建内蒙古阿尔巴斯白绒山羊次级毛囊兴盛期皮肤组织cDNA文库的基础上,随机挑取636个克隆从5’端开始测序,对序列进行特征分析。分析结果表明有41个ESTs与绵羊KAP6-1基因同源性大于95％,且期望值小于1e-10,进一步分析可被分为6个Qusters。从每个Cluster中挑取一个全长cDNA序列,其核苷酸序列和预测编码的蛋白质序列表明AY310753与绵羊KAP6-1最为相似、AY310750差别最大,AY310751和AY310752在编码区分别缺少36个的核苷酸或12个的氨基酸。     

优质细毛羊羊毛细度的候选基因分析

采用PCR-SSCP的分子标记技术, 选择编码羊毛纤维组成蛋白基因中的KAP1.1、KAP1.3的部分序列、KAP6.1的外显子区作为候选基因, 通过对其多态性的研究, 探索将该基因作为候选基因来间接选择羊毛细度性状的可行性。得出其中在角蛋白辅助蛋白的多基因家族中的高硫蛋白辅助蛋白基因(KAP1.1、KAP1.3)中, 位点W08667与羊毛细度有显著的相关性(P<0.05)。在甘氨酸酪氨酸角蛋白辅助蛋白中, 外显子位点W06933的AA基因型和BB基因型与羊毛细度之间有显著的相关性(P<0.05)。     

藏系绵羊BMP2基因克隆及组织表达分析

本研究旨在克隆藏系绵羊BMP2基因序列,并获得其生物学特征,同时阐明其组织表达规律。提取藏系绵羊皮肤组织的总RNA,利用RT-PCR技术克隆BMP2基因序列,同时利用荧光定量PCR技术检测该基因在不同组织中的表达情况。结果表明,获得藏系绵羊BMP2基因序列1 217 bp,其中CDS区长度为1 188 bp,编码395个氨基酸。BMP2蛋白有36个磷酸化位、6个糖基化位点和1个跨膜结构,属于不稳定不溶性碱性蛋白,主要在细胞核和线粒体中发挥生物学作用。藏系绵羊BMP2氨基酸序列与山羊、绵羊和牛等的氨基酸同源性很高。BMP2基因在藏系绵羊肺脏组织中表达水平最高,极显著高于其他组织(p0.01)。本研究结果将为进一步研究藏系绵羊BMP2基因的结构和功能提供参考资料。     

威宁绵羊GHR基因克隆及组织表达

本试验以6月龄、1周岁和2周岁的威宁绵羊公母羊为研究对象,利用分子手段对威宁绵羊GHR基因编码区序列进行克隆,并进行生物信息学分析,此外,本试验同时采用实时荧光定量PCR的手段对GHR基因在威宁绵羊不同性别及不同生长阶段心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏及背最长肌6个组织中mRNA水平上的表达规律进行探究,结果显示:威宁绵羊GHR基因CDS区序列长度为1 905 bp,发现2个SNP位点。GHR基因在威宁绵羊各组织均有不同程度的表达,在不同性别、不同生长阶段相同组织中的表达具有一定的显著性差异。     

绵羊EGFR基因的克隆、表达及序列分析

表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR)是酪氨酸激酶受体家族成员之一,不仅参与细胞增殖、生长和凋亡等多种生命活动,也可调节哺乳动物的乳腺发育及泌乳维持,但对绵羊EGFR基因的序列特征及组织表达情况鲜有报道.本试验以高泌乳量的小尾寒羊(泌乳高峰期和空怀期)及低泌乳量的甘肃高山细毛羊(泌乳高峰期)母羊为研究对象,利用RT-PCR、克隆及测序技术获得绵羊EGFR基因完整的CDS区,分析了 EGFR蛋白的结构特征及理化性质,利用RT-qPCR技术研究了基因的组织表达情况.结果表明,绵羊EGFR基因CDS区全长为3 627 bp,编码1 208个氨基酸.绵羊EGFR的氨基酸序列在各物种间较保守,与黄牛EGFR的氨基酸序列同源性最高.EGFR为跨膜蛋白,包含111个磷酸化位点,二级结构以α螺旋和无规则卷曲为主.网络互作分析表明EGFR蛋白与肝素结合表皮生长因子(HB-EGF)、表皮调节素(EREG)、双调蛋白(AREG)及生长因子受体结合蛋白2(GRB2)结合发挥作用.EGFR主要参与MAPK,PI3K/AKT,JAK/STAT及Wnt信号通路,从而参与了动物的乳腺发育及泌乳功能的调节.RT-qPCR结果表明,绵羊EGFR基因的表达具有组织特异性、时空特异性和品种特异性.该基因在所研究的8个组织中均表达,但在肾脏、卵巢、肝脏、乳腺和肺脏组织中的表达量较高;在小尾寒羊的乳腺组织中,该基因在空怀期的表达量显著高于泌乳高峰期的(P＜0.05);在泌乳高峰期的乳腺组织中,该基因在小尾寒羊中的表达量高于甘肃高山细毛羊的.本试验为深入研究绵羊EGFR基因的泌乳生物学功能提供了基础数据.     

山羊KAP8.2基因的克隆表达及分析

目的：研究不同品种山羊和驯鹿高甘氨酸,酪氨酸（HGTKAP8）I型蛋白KAP8．2在核苷酸和氨基酸水平的差异,以及KAP8．2mRNA在内蒙古白绒山羊皮肤中的表达。方法：以阿尔巴斯白绒山羊KAP8．2设计特异引物,扩增马头山羊、吐根堡奶山羊、藏山羊和驯鹿KAP8．2基因的编码区,克隆测序并分析。体外制备地高辛标记的KAP8．2cRNA探针,通过原位杂交法在山羊皮肤组织切片上进行定位。结果：发现KAP8．2编码区在核苷酸和氨基酸水平的同源性较高,但也有差异,这可能是毛发性质不同的诸多原因之一。KAP8．2mRNA在成年10月份皮肤、胚胎125d皮肤初级和次级毛囊的皮质层均有强烈的表达。结论：KAP8．2是胚胎和成年山羊皮肤初级和次级毛囊的皮质层的组成成分,不同地区、不同品种山羊及驯鹿的KAP8．2在核苷酸和氨基酸水平同源性较高。     

兰州大尾羊MAPK13基因cDNA克隆及生物信息学分析

克隆兰州大尾羊促分裂素原活化蛋白激酶MAPK13基因,并分析其序列及其编码蛋白的生物学特性,为研究绵羊MAPK13基因的功能和生产应用提供参考。根据绵羊MAPK13基因CDS序列设计特异引物,利用RACE和RT-PCR技术克隆获得兰州大尾羊MAPK13基因全长序列,并结合生物信息学方法分析其生物学特性。克隆获得兰州大尾羊MAPK13基因cDNA序列全长1 397 bp,其CDS区片段长1 102 bp,编码367个氨基酸。预测兰州大尾羊MAPK13蛋白分子量为42.29 kD,理论等电点为8.82,为非跨膜的疏水性蛋白,亚细胞定位主要在细胞质中,无信号肽,不属于分泌蛋白。预测其氨基酸序列有19个磷酸化位点,3个糖基化位点,3个磷酸化功能结构域,4个其他结构域,1个LCR片段,二级结构以α-螺旋为主。同源性分析显示兰州大尾羊MAPK13基因序列与已发布的绵羊MAPK13 mRNA序列(登录号:NM_001139455.1)相比,其第852位发生碱基转换(CA),导致编码蛋白第265位氨基酸发生碱基转换(ST),同时,第951位发生碱基转换(TG),但其所编码氨基酸不变。构建的基因进化树分析结果显示兰州大尾羊与牛亲缘关系最近。兰州大尾羊与其他物种MAPK13基因在结构上相似性较高,说明该基因具有高度的保守性,其序列包含的S_TKc结构域可将ATP的γ磷酰基转移到蛋白质丝氨酸/苏氨酸残基上,导致一系列肥胖相关基因的功能失调和表达变化,为进一步研究MAPK13基因与成脂分化过程的相关性提供了参考。     

内蒙古白绒山羊翻译控制肿瘤蛋白(TCTP)基因克隆及组织表达特性分析

旨在克隆内蒙古白绒山羊翻译控制肿瘤蛋白(Translationally controlled tumor protein,TCTP)基因并分析其表达模式。采用RT-PCR技术扩增TCTP基因编码区cDNA序列,将得到的基因cDNA序列及其编码的氨基酸序列进行生物信息学分析,利用定量RT-PCR方法检测TCTP基因在绒山羊不同组织中的表达特异性。获得的内蒙古白绒山羊TCTP基因编码区cDNA序列全长519 bp,包含了完整的ORF,编码172个氨基酸残基组成的蛋白质。核苷酸序列与绵羊、牛、猪、人、猴及大鼠的同源性在99%-95%之间。生物信息学分析表明,编码的蛋白质理论分子质量19.6 kD,等电点(pI)4.673,含有一个N端糖基化位点,一个蛋白激酶C磷酸化位点,3个酪蛋白激酶Ⅱ磷酸化位点,定位于细胞质中。定量RT-PCR方法检测表明,TCTP基因在绒山羊肾脏、肌肉、胰腺、肝脏、睾丸和脑组织中均有表达,其中在肝脏中的表达量较高,在脑中表达量较低。     

Variation and expression of KAP9.2 gene affecting cashmere trait in goats

Keratin-associated proteins 9.2 (KAP9.2) gene encodes one of the ultra high sulfur KAPs. Variation in KAP genes may affect the structure of KAPs and hence cashmere characteristics. In order to test the association between the polymorphism of KAP9.2 gene and cashmere trait, DNA sequencing was used to detect a novel C/T polymorphism of KAP9.2 gene from a genomic DNA pool. The mutation could be recognized by Pst I restriction enzyme. To Shanbei white cashmere goat, Inner Mongolia white cashmere goat and Guanzhong dairy goat, the genotypic frequencies of TT, TC and CC from total 1,236 animals were as follows: 0.047, 0.519 and 0.434; 0.180, 0.592 and 0.228; 0.431, 0.544 and 0.025. The allelic frequencies of T and C were 0.307 and 0.693; 0.476 and 0.524; 0.703 and 0.297, respectively, in breeds mentioned above. The frequency of C allele between cashmere and dairy goat was significant (P?<?0.01). To provide support for the hypothesis that SNP 586 was responsible for KAP9.2 expression, quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that the expression level of KAP9.2 was reduced in individuals bearing genotype CC compared with TT individuals, suggesting that C was the nucleotide causing decreased expression of KAP9.2 or was in linkage disequilibrium with the causative SNP. The 586C/T SNP found in this study might control translation or stability of KAP9.2 mRNA, which would be beneficial for marker assistant selection in cashmere goat breeding.     

The PCR-SSCP and DNA sequencing methods detecting a large deletion mutation at KAP6.2 locus in the cashmere goat

It is known that keratin-associated proteins 6.2 gene (KAP6.2) is an important structural gene responsible for the cashmere. So in this study, the polymorphism of KAP6.2 gene was firstly detected by PCR-SSCP and DNA sequencing methods in 1052 cashmere goat samples. The results showed that two alleles were detected at the locus, which were named as allele O and X. Frequencies of KAP6.2-O allele in Inner Mongolia White cashmere (n = 847) and Shaanbei White cashmere goat breeds (n = 205) were 1.000 and 0.856, respectively. Inner Mongolia White cashmere goat was monomorphic at this locus, while Shaanbei White cashmere goat was at low polymorphic level. Therefore, the allele KAP6.2-X was considered as the breed characterization of Shaanbei White cashmere goat at KAP6.2 locus. Further sequencing analysis showed that a 24-bp deletion mutation was described for the first time in Shaanbei, while Inner Mongolia White cashmere goat did not have the deletion. The study indicated that deletion mutation was predicted as a possible cause for the multiple pattern cashmere in Shaanbei White cashmere goat.     

内蒙古白绒山羊4E-BP1基因cDNA克隆及组织表达特异性分析

旨在克隆内蒙古白绒山羊4E-BP1(真核细胞翻译起始因子4E结合蛋白1)基因并进行生物信息学及表达模式分析。根据已报道物种4E-BP1基因cDNA序列,用primer premier5软件设计引物,通过RT-PCR从绒山羊胎儿成纤维细胞总RNA中扩增出4E-BP1基因编码区cDNA序列,对目的片段进行测序及表达模式分析。克隆到的内蒙古白绒山羊4E-BP1基因cDNA全长357 bp,包含了完整的的ORF,编码118个氨基酸残基。核酸序列与牛、马、人、大鼠及小鼠的同源性分别为98%、90%、90%、88%和87%。4E-BP1基因在绒山羊脑、心脏、睾丸及胰腺组织中均有表达。     

The polymorphism of a novel 30 bp-deletion mutation at KAP9.2 locus in the cashmere goat

The keratins and keratin-associated proteins (KAPs) are a large heterogeneous group of proteins that make up about 90% of the cashmere fiber. Keratin-associated proteins 9.2 gene (KAP9.2) is one of the ultra high sulfur KAPs, which might play an important role in the bundling of intermediate filaments. In this study, the deletion/insertion mutation of KAP9.2 gene in 997 cashmere goat samples was firstly detected, at the same time, parts of these samples were sequenced. The results showed that two alleles were detected at this KAP9.2P1 locus, named allele W and D. The frequencies of the KAP9.2-W allele in Inner Mongolia White cashmere (n = 785) and Shaanbei White cashmere goat breeds (n = 212) were 0.878 and 0.790, respectively. The χ²-test showed that the genotype distributions in these two cashmere goat breeds were not in agreement with Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. According to the classification of polymorphism information content (PIC), Shaanbei White cashmere goat was more polymorphic at this locus. Moreover a 30 bp-deletion mutation was described at KAP9.2P2 locus for the first time and no deletion/insertion was described at KAP9.2P1 locus. The results possibly revealed that the size polymorphism existed in the two Chinese cashmere goat and the 30 bp-deletion mutation was possibly caused by variations in the number of the decapeptide repeat structures.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Tβ4</Emphasis>-overexpression based on the piggyBac transposon system in cashmere goats alters hair fiber characteristics

Increasing cashmere yield is one of the vital aims of cashmere goats breeding. Compared to traditional breeding methods, transgenic technology is more efficient and the piggyBac (PB) transposon system has been widely applied to generate transgenic animals. For the present study, donor fibroblasts were stably transfected via a PB donor vector containing the coding sequence of cashmere goat thymosin beta-4 (Tβ4) and driven by a hair follicle-specific promoter, the keratin-associated protein 6.1 (KAP6.1) promoter. To obtain genetically modified cells as nuclear donors, we co-transfected donor vectors into fetal fibroblasts of cashmere goats. Five transgenic cashmere goats were generated following somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). Via determination of the copy numbers and integration sites, the Tβ4 gene was successfully inserted into the goat genome. Histological examination of skin tissue revealed that Tβ4-overexpressing, transgenic goats had a higher secondary to primary hair follicle (S/P) ratio compared to wild type goats. This indicates that Tβ4-overexpressing goats possess increased numbers of secondary hair follicles (SHF). Our results indicate that Tβ4-overexpression in cashmere goats could be a feasible strategy to increase cashmere yield.     

Molecular Cloning and Expression Analysis of Prostaglandin E Receptor 2 Gene in Cashmere Goat (Capra hircus) Skin during Hair Follicle Development

As a member of the four subtypes of receptors for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), prostaglandin E receptor 2 (PTGER2) is in the family of G-protein coupled receptors and has been characterized to be involved in the development and growth of hair follicles. In this study, we cloned and characterized the full-length coding sequence (CDS) of PTGER2 gene from cashmere goat skin. The entire open reading frame (ORF) of PTGER2 gene was 1047 bp and encoded 348 amino acid residues. The deduced protein contained one G-protein coupled receptors family 1 signature, seven transmembrane domains, and other potential sites. Tissue expression analysis showed that PTGER2 gene was expressed strongly in the skin. The general expression tendency of PTGER2 gene at different hair follicle developmental stages in the skin was gradually decreased from anagen to catagen to telogen. After comparing with the expression of BMP4 gene and related reports, we further presume that it seems to have a relationship between the hair follicle cycle and the expression level of PTGER2 gene in cashmere goat skin.     

Molecular cloning and characterization of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Izumo1</Emphasis> gene from sheep and cashmere goat reveal alternative splicing

We cloned the cDNA and genomic DNA encoding for Izumo1 of cashmere goat (Capra hircus) and sheep (Ovis aries). Analysis of 4.6 kb Izumo1 genomic sequences in sheep and goat revealed a canonical open reading frame (ORF) of 963 bp spliced by eight exons. Sheep and goat Izumo1 genes share >99% identity at both DNA and protein levels and are also highly homologous to the orthologues in cattle, mouse, rat and human. Extensive cloning and analysis of Izumo1 cDNA revealed three (del 69, del 182 and del 217) and two (del 69 and ins 30) alternative splicing isoforms in goat and sheep, respectively. All of the isoforms are derived from splicing at typical GT-AG sites leading to partial or complete truncation of the immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domain. Bioinformatics analysis showed that caprine and ovine Izumo1 proteins share similar structure with their murine orthologue. There are a signal peptide at the N-terminus (1–22 aa), a transmembrane domain at the C-terminus (302–319 aa), and an extracellular Ig-like region in the middle (161–252 aa) with a putative N-linked glycosylation site (N²⁰⁵-N-S). Alignment of Izumo1 protein sequences among 15 mammalian species displayed several highly conserved regions, including LDC and YRC motifs with cysteine residues for potential disulfide bridge formation, CPNKCG motif upstream of the Ig-like domain, GLTDYSFYRVW motif upstream of the putative N-linked glycosylation site, and a number of scattered cysteine residues. These distinctive features are very informative to pinpoint the important gene motifs and functions. The C-terminal regions, however, are more variable across species. Izumo1 cDNA sequences of goat, sheep, and cow were found to be largely homologous, and the molecular phylogenetic analysis is consistent with their morphological taxonomy. This implies the Izumo1 gene evolves from the same ancestor, and the mechanism of sperm–egg fusion in mammals may be under the same principle in which Izumo1 plays an important role.     

陕北白绒山羊DRB1基因外显子2遗传变异分析

本研究通过对123只陕北白绒山羊DRB1基因外显子2的遗传变异分析,旨在获得陕北白绒山羊DRB1基因的多态性及变异信息,为山羊抗病基因的挖掘研究提供基础资料。本研究共获得6条陕北白绒山羊DRB1基因外显子2序列,其中4条为首次发现。生物信息学分析表明DRB1位点具有较高的多态性,6条等位基因可能起源于2个祖先基因。在长期的进化过程中,DRB1位点受到了明显的选择压力作用,这种选择作用有助于陕北白绒山羊对当地气候的适应。蛋白质结构的预测证实了DRB1*1与其它等位基因间的差异性,说明核苷酸变异可能会引起蛋白质结构的改变,最终可能影响宿主对病原体的免疫应答。本次对陕北白绒山羊DRB1基因多态性的调查与分析有助于筛选疾病抗性和易感性MHC (Major histocompatibility complex)候选基因,进而可加速绒山羊抗病品系的改良与培育进程。     

aPCR-SSCP and DNA sequencing detecting two silent SNPs at KAP8.1 gene in the cashmere goat

Keratin-associated proteins 8.1 gene (KAP8.1) is a structural gene responsible for the cashmere. KAP8.1 protein contains high glycine and tyrosine, which concerns regulation and function of the matrix structure fiber. In this study, the polymorphism of KAP8.1 gene was detected by methods of aPCR-SSCP (asymmetric polymerase chain reaction single-strand conformation polymorphism) and DNA sequencing in 791 individuals from two breeds. The results showed that there were two mutations in this gene. The mutations were described as c.63 T>G and c.66 C>G, which would result in two synonymous mutations in KAP8.1 protein. The findings go against previous research, in which there was not polymorphism at KAP8.1 gene. The reasons might be that different cashmere breeds were detected in two studies. Further analysis of results leads us to believe that the polymorphism of KAP8.1 gene might be relevant to fiber diameter.