The tobacco industry in Australia

Australia requires about 33,000,000 pounds of fluecured tobacco annually and produces only 4,000,000 pounds, most of the balance being imported from the U.S.A. Production could be increased if water for irrigation were available during the “dry” season in the northeastern coastal districts. The manufacturing industry is capable of meeting all requirements.     

The essential oil of inula racemosa

The essential oil of Inula racemosa was found to contain mainly sesquiterpenes (ca 60%), although the most abundant constituent was heptadeca-1,8,11,14-tetraene (aplotaxene) at ca 22%. Phenylacetonitrile (ca 2%) was also detected.     

The essential oil of pectis papposa

This oil, produced by a heavily scented herbaceous plant of the American Southwest and northern Mexico, is rich in cumaldehyde and carvone, and is therefore a potential commercial source of these fragrant aldehydes, now obtained from cumin, caraway and dill seed oils and used in Savoring food and beverages.     

The essential oil of Artemisia capillaris

Twenty-five terpenoids, 6-phenylacetylenes, 7 phenols, and 15 fatty acids were characterized in this oil. It differs considerably in composition from the oils of A. kurromensis, A. maritima and A. fukudo, which have α- and β-thujone as the major constituents.     

The essential oil of ginger from Fiji

The essential oil of ginger (Zingiber officinale) from Fiji was analysed by GC-MS and a number of sesquiterpenes not reported previously in ginger oil were identified including α-copaene, β-bourbonene, α-bergamotene, α-selinene, calamenene and cuparene. The composition of the oil was unusual in having a much higher neral and geranial content than oils reported from India, Australia, Japan and Africa.     

Fish assemblages associated with oil industry structures on the continental shelf of north‐western Australia

This study provides the first assessment of fish associations with oil and gas structures located in deep water (85–175 m) on Australia's north‐west continental shelf, using rare oil industry video footage obtained from remotely operated vehicles. A diverse range of taxa were observed associating with the structures, including reef‐dependent species and transient pelagic species. Ten commercially fished species were observed, the most abundant of which was Lutjanus argentimaculatus, with an estimated biomass for the two deepest structures (Goodwyn and Echo) of 109 kg.     

佛手挥发油特征化学成分群GC-MS研究

目的:分析6个不同产地佛手挥发油的化学成分,确定其特征化学指标成分群.方法:采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取佛手挥发油.运用气相色谱质谱联用技术(GC-MS),结合计算机检索对其化学成分进行分离和鉴定,得到其共有的特征性化学成分群,用色谱峰面积归一化法计算各组分的相对含量.结果:从广东、四川、金华、广西、安徽佛手的挥发油中鉴定16种共有特征成分,按保留时间的先后顺序分别为:α-水芹烯、α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯、β-月桂烯、α-萜品油烯、邻伞花烃、柠檬烯、顺式-β-罗勒烯、反式-β-罗勒烯、γ-萜品烯、γ-萜品油烯、乙酸芳樟酯、顺式-水合桧烯、α-萜品醇、β-柠檬醛、α-柠檬醛,其占总峰面积的的比例大于82.9%;其中柠檬烯和γ-萜品烯是主要成分,两者峰面积占总峰面积的比例大于65%.结论:所建立的特征成分群能充分地袁征佛手挥发油化学组成,可以为佛手挥发油的质量评价提供参考.     

The alpha-terpenyl acetate chemotype of essential oil of Thymus pulegioides L

The composition of the essential oils of Thymus pulegioides L. plants growing wild in Vilnius district (Lithuania) with "ester", lemon and carvacrol (phenol) odours were collected in one location and investigated by GC, GC/MS and IR-spectroscopy. The essential oils with lemon and carvacrol odour belong to corresponding known citral-geraniol and carvacrol chemotypes. The essential oil of plants with "ester" odour containing 50-70% of alpha-terpenyl acetate belong to alpha-terpenyl acetate chemotype, which was not noticed earlier in Thymus pulegioides L. species.     

The essential oil secretory structures of Prostanthera ovalifolia (Lamiaceae)

The structure of the essential oil secretory tissues of Prostanthera ovalifolia R.Br was investigated using bright- and dark-field optical microscopy, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The leaves of P. ovalifolia have glandular trichomes of the peltate type common to many Lamiaceae species. The trichomes consist of a basal cell embedded in the epidermis, a stalk cell with heavily cutinized walls and a 16-celled secretory head, but they differ from those of many previously reported Lamiaceae species in their morphological form defined by the elevated cuticle. The sub-cuticular space contains a mixture of lipid and aqueous phases. Secretory cells have dense cytoplasm with many leucoplasts present. Volatile terpenoids are eliminated from the cytoplasm into the sub-cuticular space, the site of essential oil accumulation, via granulocrine secretion.     

The initiation of callus culture ofMichelia champaca for essential oil production

Summary TheMichelia champaca callus was induced from rachises of theM. champaca flowers on 1/2 MS medium containing 3% sugar and 0.9% agar. The medium was also supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) as the growth regulators. It was observed that the calli ofM. champaca could be induced on media containing 0–50 M 2,4-D and 0.1–1 M BAP. The calli were grown well on media on media containing 0.1–1.0 M BAP and 2,4-D up to 50 M. As 1 M BAP was used, a lower concentration of 2,4-D was associated with a fast initiation of calli, but the culture of these calli turned brown quickly. To the contrary, a higher concentration of 2,4-D led to a slower rate of callus formation and the culture hardly turned brown. The optimum pH for the cell culture was about 5.6 as 1 M of 2,4-D and BAP were present in the medium.     

Neuro-depressive properties of essential oil of lavender

Toxicity for albino rats is very low. In mice an anxiolytic effect is exhibited and the pentobarbital evokated sleeping time is increased in animals given essential oil, but this effect disappears if they are administrated during five days.     

Constituents of essential oil of Boswellia frereana

The composition of the essential oil of Boswellia frereana was investigated by GC/MS. Ten terpenes were identified and p-cymene was by far the most abundant component of the oil.     

Recent developments in essential oil production

The 29 essential oils described in this article are the backbone of the cosmetics industry and are of great importance also to other industries. Their sources are almost exclusively outside the United States, many of them being in the Old World. To develop more New World sources is of utmost importance.     

Furanosesquiterpenes from the essential oil of myrrh

An examination of the essential oil of myrrh from Commiphora molmol has permitted the identification of 1(10)Z,4Z-furanodiene-6-one, 2-meth     

Regulation of essential oil production in plants

This review provides a summary of the physiological dynamics andregulation of essential oil production, from the literature and availableinformation on diverse volatile oil crops. Essential oil production is highlyintegrated with the physiology of the whole plant and so depends on themetabolic state and preset developmental differentiation programme of thesynthesising tissue. Essential oil productivity is ecophysiologically andenvironmentally friendly. These and other aspects of the modulation ofessentialoil production are presented, along with a brief outline of the current conceptof the relevant biosynthetic mechanisms.     

Sesquiterpenes from essential oil of Amyris balsamifera

Six sesquiterpenes were isolated and identified from the essential oil of the wood of Amyris balsamifera (Rutaceae): 10-epi-γ-eudesmol, α-agarofuran, 4-hydroxydihydroagarofuran, valerianol, β-eudesmol, elemol.