脐鳞属地衣一个新种

本文描述了脐鳞属地衣一个新种：褐脐鳞。 这个新种类似红脐鳞,但地衣体上表面为灰褐色并且不含松萝酸。本种与泡状脐鳞的区别是不含富马原岛衣酸及地理分布的差异。     

脐鳞属地衣一个新种(英文)

本文描述了脐鳞属地衣一个新种:褐脐鳞。这个新种类似红脐鳞,但地衣体上表面为灰褐色并且不合松萝酸。本种与泡状脐鳞的区别是不含富马原岛衣酸及地理分布的差异。     

红脐鳞地衣基因组文库的构建(英文)

地衣是真菌和一种或多种光合微生物形成的稳定的共生联合体 ,既是先锋生物 ,又是敏感生物。环境的变化及生境的片断化 ,使得许多地衣种类处于濒危状态。保护珍稀濒危地衣物种的方法包括地衣体的移植 ,地衣中菌藻的分离培养及基因组文库的构建等。本研究用改进的CTAB方法提取基因组总DNA ,以Lamb daGEM 11为载体 ,构建了红脐鳞 (Rhizoplacachrysoleuca)的基因组文库 ,文库中同时含有该地衣共生菌与共生藻的DNA。该文库包含 8.5× 10 5个重组子 ,插入片段的平均大小为 19kb。文库的容量约为红脐鳞单倍体基因组的 10 0倍。该基因组文库的构建为保护稀有与濒危地衣物种提供了一个新的途径 ,并可进一步开展有关地衣的分子操作研究 ,如地衣冰核蛋白的异源表达等。     

中国飘拂草属植物果皮微形态特征及其系统学评价

利用扫描电子显微镜对国产莎草科飘拂草属4组42种1变种植物果皮微形态特征进行观察,并作了系统描述,研究表明,飘拂草属植物在纹饰类型,超微结构等方面存在着明显的种间差异,具有分类学意义,根据纹饰及微形态特征的不同,支持将褐鳞飘拂草和知风飘拂草各自作为独立的种,依照果皮纹饰的差异,飘拂草属可分为4种类型：（1）瘤（疣）一纹饰根据网脊曲直不同各自又可分为2个亚型。     

中国鳞伞属拟火菇亚属新记录种

报道了中国鳞伞属Pholiota拟火菇亚属Subgen. Flammuloides的3个新记录种：暗红褐鳞伞P. decorata、黄盘鳞伞P. fulvodisca和杂纹鳞伞P. virgata,并提供详尽的形态描述和线条图。研究标本存放于吉林农业大学菌物标本馆（HMJAU）。     

中国褐鳞叶衣属和鳞藓衣属地衣5个新记录种

报道了褐鳞叶衣属Fuscopannaria和鳞藓衣属Psoroma的5个中国地衣型真菌新记录种:蓝缘褐鳞叶衣F.coerulescens、裂叶褐鳞叶衣F.dissecta、泰国褐鳞叶衣F.siamensis、雅褐鳞叶衣F.venusta和鳞藓衣P.hyp-norum.此二属的区别在于褐鳞叶衣属地衣体无下皮层,子实层半淀...     

菊科莴苣亚族黑苞毛鳞菊及其泛喜马拉雅地区相近种的分类杂记（英文）

基于已有标本的详细研究和文献的追踪,证实黑苞毛鳞菊(或黑苞乳苣)在中国没有分布,国内相关文献上的该物种实际应为后期发表的青海乳苣,现已处理为青海毛鳞菊,并首次报道不丹有分布。青海毛鳞菊的瘦果形态和花药管长度明显异于黑苞毛鳞菊。作为标本稀有的云南特有种,单头乳苣近期被暂时处理为黑苞毛鳞菊的异名,但本研究支持其作为一个独立种且与大花毛鳞菊复合群关系较近。对于巴基斯坦北部和克什米尔地区近期发表的与黑苞毛鳞菊形态相近的两个新种,Cicerbita alii被证实为独立种且新组合到毛鳞菊属,而C.astorensis被处理为黑苞毛鳞菊的异名。     

新疆泡鳞衣属地衣的研究

该文采用形态解剖、化学及生态等传统分类方法,以及显色反应(CT)、薄层层析(TLC)等生物化学方法,对新疆天山南麓巴音布鲁克山区和天山中部米泉哈熊沟泡鳞衣属地衣进行了分类学研究,并鉴定采样区泡鳞衣属的地衣种类。结果表明:共鉴定出似皮革泡鳞衣Toninia alutacea(Anzi)Jatta、兰黑泡鳞衣T.caeruleonigricans(Lightf.)Th.Fr.、白泡鳞衣T.candida(Weber)Th.Fr.、泡状泡鳞衣T.physaroides(Opiz)Zahlbr.、暗色泡鳞衣中亚亚种T.tristis subsp.asiae-centralis(H.Magn.)Timdal等5个种,其中2个为中国新记录种:似皮革泡鳞衣T.alutacea和泡状泡鳞衣T.physaroides;同时描述了5个种的形态解剖特征、化学特征及其生境,并提供了相关彩色图片和新疆泡鳞衣属地衣检索表。研究结果可为新疆地衣的研究提供实验数据,为中国泡鳞衣属研究提供科学依据。     

石耳属一新种(子囊菌门)

本文描述了地衣型石耳属一新种,周鳞石耳.新种脐叶体上表面以周边皮层碎片上翘而形成的大量准鳞芽,类似于淡腹鳞石耳,但是,不同之处在于新种脐叶体下表面黑色,覆以大量同色而多分枝的假根以及具有不同的地理分布.从而呈现为地理替代现象.文中为新种提供了拉丁文特征提要、英文描述、图片与地理分布图以及新种及其相关种的检索表.     

中国飘拂草属植物果皮微形态

利用扫描电子显微镜对国产莎草科飘拂草属4组18系42种1变种植物果皮微形态特征进行观察,并作了系统描述。研究表明,飘拂草属植物在纹饰类型,超微结构等方面存在着明显的种间差异,具有分类学意义。根据纹饰及微形态特征的不同,支持将褐鳞飘拂草和知风飘拂草各自作为独立的种。依照果皮纹饰的差异,飘拂草属可分为4种类型(1)瘤(疣)-网状复合纹饰;(2)瘤(疣)状纹饰;(3)网状纹饰;(4)脊-疣状复合纹饰。其中(1)和(3)类型的纹饰根据网脊曲直不同各自又可分为2个亚型。     

中国脐鳞属地衣的初步研究

在泛北极地区迄今已知的脐鳞属地衣共有三种:中国有记录的两种。本文报道了四种,其中之一为新种,另一种为中国新记录。此外,有一改级新组合。     

A study of the genetic variability of Rhizoplaca chrysoleuca using DNA sequences and secondary metabolic substances

Specimens of Rhizoplaca chrysoleuca from Mount Wuling can be divided into two distinct groups based on obvious differences in morphological characters. Here we investigated 26 specimens of R. chrysoleuca from Mount Wuling, 10 specimens of this species from other areas and seven specimens of other Rhizoplaca species by analyzing morphology, chemistry and genetics. Nine chemotypes were detected among the specimens of R. chrysoleuca from Mount Wuling, and five of them were reported for the first time. Based on the ITS phylogenetic analysis, the chemotypes and the insertion distribution patterns in SSU rDNA, the samples of R. chrysoleuca from Mount Wuling were grouped in two distinct clades corresponding to two phenotypic groups and no gene flow was detected between these two groups. Our results establish all individuals of Rhizoplaca chrysoleuca are conspecific although some populations have been isolated on Mount Wuling, indicating that they are in the process of speciation. Our study also reveals that the relationships between genotypes and chemotypes are complicated and should be avoided, and we instead recommend using single individuals or few individuals from the same site to represent the population or whole species in systematics study. The results also indicate that Rhizoplaca chrysoleuca might provide a good model for studying the speciation of saxicolous lichenized fungi.     

Phylogenetic analysis of lichen-forming fungi Rhizoplaca zopf from China based on ITS data and morphology

A molecular phylogenetic analysis of Rhizoplaca melanophthalma, Rhizoplaca chrysoleuca, Rhizoplaca peltata and Rhizoplaca haydenii is presented based on the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions and morphology. Rhizoplaca species were collected at 3400-3900 m in Tianshan Mountains, Xinjiang province, China. Rhizoplaca haydenii is reported for the first time in China. Maximum parsimony (MP) analysis of ITS sequences obtained from Tianshan Mountains samples and GenBank reveals that the evolution relationship of Rhizoplaca melanophthalma and Rhizoplaca chrysoleuca is closer to each other than to Rhizoplaca peltata, and Rhizoplaca haydenii showed closer relatedness to Rhizoplaca melanophthalma. When the four species groups from Tianshan Mountains were analyzed alone through the neighbour-joining (NJ) and minimum evolution method, we obtained the same result. The morphology analysis of Rhizoplaca Zopf which reveals the pruinose discs and apothecial discs of species did not show convincing evidences to prove phylogenetic relationship among Rhizoplaca species In our study, the result further proved that Rhizoplaca should be rejected as a genus separate from Lecanora.     

深红酵母的化学数值分类学研究

对29株深红酵母(Rhodotorula rubra)的裂解气相色谱(PyGC)数据分别采用三种数值分析方法进行化学数值分类学研究。结果显示,不管是聚类分析、主分量分析还是Q型因 子分析,均能得到极为相似的分类结果,其中Q型因子分析效果最佳。通过数值分类学研究,29株深红酵母被划分成不同的四群,其中NKRlll不能与上述四群聚类,作者建议将该菌株从Rh. Rubra中分出,仍保留Rh. pilimanaE种名。     

Characterization of biological ice nuclei from a lichen.

Biological ice nuclei (active at approximately -4 degrees C) were extracted from cells of the lichen Rhizoplaca chrysoleuca by sonication. Sensitivity to proteases, guanidine hydrochloride, and urea showed these nuclei to be proteinaceous. The nuclei were relatively heat stable, active from pH 1.5 to 12, and active without lipids, thereby demonstrating significant differences from bacterial ice nuclei.     

广西杜鹃花研究(一)

<正> 1.岩谷杜鹃 新种 图1 (杜鹃亚属,长尾种子组) 附生小灌木,高20—6O厘米;枝圆柱状,密布小疣瘤,近似越橘杜鹃Rh.vaccinioides Hook.f.和匍枝杜鹃Rh.euonymifolium Lévl.;不同于前者为:叶密集,非散生,边缘外折,花黄色;不同于后者为叶向枝端聚生,较小,花萼裂片长圆形,被缘毛,花较小;不同于二者为子房和蒴果有鳞点而且被毛,可资区别。     

广西杜鹃花研究(二)

<正> 1.广西杜鹃 新种 图1 (映山红亚属,映山红组) 灌木,高2米;小枝纤细,被平贴铁锈色糙伏毛,后浙无毛。与紫花杜鹃 Rh.mar iae Hance有近缘,但叶薄革质,侧脉在背面部份隐晦,花冠无斑点,裂片长圆形,有凸尖,雄蕊常4枚,易于区别。     

Phylogenetic relations of Rhizoplaca Zopf. from Anatolia inferred from ITS sequence data

Like many lichen-forming fungi, species of the genus Rhizoplaca have wide geographical distributions, but studies of their genetic variability are limited. The information about the ITS rDNA sequences of three species of Rhizoplaca from Anatolia was generated and aligned with other species from other countries and also with the data belonging to Lecanora species. The examined species were collected from the volcanic rocks of Mount Erciyes which is located in the middle of Anatolia (Turkey). The sequence data aligned with eight other samples of Rhizoplaca and six different species of Lecanora were obtained from GenBank. The results support the concept maintained by Arup and Grube (2000) that Rhizoplaca may not be a genus separate from Lecanora. According to the phylogenetic tree, Rhizoplaca melanopthalma from Turkey with two different samples of R. melanopthalma from Arizona (AF159929, AF159934) and a sample from Austria formed a group under the same branch. R. peltata and R. chrysoleuca samples from Anatolia located in two other branches of the tree formed sister groups with the samples of the same species from different countries. Although R. peltata remained on the same branch with other samples of the same species from other countries it was placed in a different branch within the group. When the three species from Anatolia were considered alone, it was noticed that Rhizoplaca melanopthalma and Rhizoplaca peltata are phylogenetically closer to each other than Rhizoplaca chrysoleuca; the morphological characteristics also support this result.     

Phylogenetic and Functional Implications of the Rhabdom Patterns in the Eyes of Chrysomeloidea (Coleoptera)

Ultrastructural data from 108 species of Chrysomeloidea show that all rhabdom-patterns can be assigned to one of two basic patterns. The insula-pattern: two central rhabdomeres (Rh 7/8) are spatially isolated from the six peripheral ones (Rh 1–6). The ponticulus-pattern: Rh 7/8 fuse at two sites with the ring of Rh 1–6. The distance between the two systems may prevent optical or electrical coupling in the insula-p. The structure of the ponticulus-p may allow electrical coupling as well as contrast-intensifying lateral filtering. Potential relative polarization and absolute sensitivities differ interspecifically between homologous cells and intraspecifically between Rh7/8 and Rh 1–6, and between Rh 7 and Rh 8. The Bruchidae show only the insula-p, the Chrysomelidae and Cerambycidae both. The distribution of the two patterns is subfamily-specific within the Chrysomelidae, but not in the Cerambycidae. Identical patterns must have developed convergently within the Chrysomeloidea. Both basic patterns are subdivided in different subfamilies or tribes.