Der Gesang und Andres von unserm Mauersegler (Cypselus apus L.)

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Schneeammern (Passerina nivalis L.) und Zwergtrappe (Otis tetrax L.) in Krain 1914/1915

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Ixobrychus minutus (L.) als Parkvogel

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Zur Nahrung derFulica alra (L.)

Ohne ZusammenfassungAus der Zeitschrift des zoolog. Gartens zu Frankfurt a. M. V. Jahrg S. 27.     

Zur Rassengliederung vonPytilia melba (L.)

Zusammenfassung Der Vergleich von 126 Bälgen vonPytilia melba (L.) ließ 13 Rassen erkennen, von denen eine(P. m. affinis) allerdings nur bedingte Anerkennung verdient. Neu beschrieben wirdP. m. clanceyi aus dem Sudan.     

Ueber die F?rbung desMorphnus guianensis (Daud.) undM. Harpyia (L.)

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Hakengimpel (Pinicola enucleator L.) in Westfalen

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Die geographische Variation desPhylloscopus trochilus (L.)

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Copia and Gypsy retrotransposons activity in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

Background  

Retrotransposons are heterogeneous sequences, widespread in eukaryotic genomes, which refer to the so-called mobile DNA. They resemble retroviruses, both in their structure and for their ability to transpose within the host genome, of which they make up a considerable portion. Copia- and Gypsy-like retrotransposons are the two main classes of retroelements shown to be ubiquitous in plant genomes. Ideally, the retrotransposons life cycle results in the synthesis of a messenger RNA and then self-encoded proteins to process retrotransposon mRNA in double stranded extra-chromosomal cDNA copies which may integrate in new chromosomal locations.     

Effect of perfluidone on metabolism of lipids in maize (Zea mays L.) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

Treatment of germinating maize seedlings with 0.126 mM of the herbicide Perfluidone (Destun) (1,1,1-trifluoro-4-[phenylsulfonyl]-methanesulfona-o-toluidide) for 2 days in the dark, then 3 days in the light, at 25°C causes decreases in fresh weight, dry weight, shoot length, and in total chlorophyll and carotenoid contents; in contrast, sunflower seedlings seem not to be affected. Perfluidone causes marked decreases in total lipids and in glyco- and phospholipids of maize seedlings. In sunflower cotyledons, total lipids and pigments (chlorophyll, carotenoids) are not affected, but there is an increase in glycolipids at the expense of phospholipids. After Perfluidone treatment, a significant increase in the fatty acid mole ratio (180+181+182)/183 was found for the maize glycolipids, monogalactosyl diacylglycerol (MGD), digalactosyl diacylglycerol (DGD), and sterol glycoside (SG) + esterified sterol glycoside (ESG), and for the phospholipid, phosphatidylcholine (PC). In sunflower seedlings, however, only the fatty acid mole ratio of ESG + SG showed an increase and that of phosphatidylserine (PS) showed a large decrease. The differential response of the two plant species to Perfluidone suggests that the control of linolenic acid biosynthesis may vary depending on plant species and/or on plant tissues.On leave from the Department of Botany, University of London, Royal Holloway College, Egham, Surrey TW20 OEX England     

Growth stimulation in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) by Trichoderma

Trichoderma species are commonly used as biological control agents against phytopathogenic fungi and some strains are able to produce metabolites that enhance plant growth. In the current study we evaluated the production of potential growth-promoting metabolites, rhizosphere competence and endophytism for 101 isolates of Trichoderma from Colombia, and assessed the relationship of these factors to the enhancement of early stages of growth on bean seedlings. Twenty percent of these Trichoderma strains were able to produce soluble forms of phosphate from phosphoric rock. Only 8% of the assessed strains showed consistent ability to produce siderophores to convert ferric iron to soluble forms by chelation. Sixty percent of isolates produced indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) or auxin analogues. The production of any of these metabolites was a characteristic of specific strains, as the ability to produce these metabolites varied greatly within species. Moreover, the production of these substances did not correlate with enhanced growth on bean seedlings, measured as the combined increase in length of roots and aerial parts in the V3 stage of growth. Seven Trichoderma isolates significantly improved the growth of bean seedlings. However, metabolite production varied widely in these seven strains, and some isolates did not produce any of the assessed growth-promoting metabolites. Results indicated that growth was enhanced in the presence of rhizosphere competent and endophytic strains of Trichoderma, and these characteristics were strain-specific and not characteristic for species.     

南美蟛蜞菊中的酚酸类化学成分

为了解南美蟛蜞菊[Wedelia trilobata (L.) Hitchc.]的化学成分, 从其全株中分离得到9 个酚酸类化合物。经光谱分析, 分别鉴定为6-乙酰基-7-羟基-2,3-二甲基色原酮 (1)、七叶内酯 (2)、丁香醛 (3)、5-羟甲基糠醛 (4)、对羟基苯甲酸 (5)、水杨酸 (6)、反式对羟基桂皮酸 (7)、咖啡酸甲酯 (8) 和反式咖啡酸 (9)。化合物1~8 为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

Diet of nestling Linnets (Acanthis cannabina L.)

Summary The diet of nestling linnets (Acanthis cannabina) living on a heathland in Brittany (France) was studied by faecal pellet analysis during the 1982 and 1983 breeding seasons. Seeds composed the main part of the diet. According to month,Taraxacum officinale (Compositae),Stellaria media (Caryophyllaceae),Brassica napus (Cruciferae),Anthoxantum odoratum (Gramineae) andEuphorbia helioscopia (Euphorbiaceae) dominated. Nestling age and brood size influenced parents' food selection, especially seed size selection. The younger the nestlings, the larger the selected seeds. Increased food demands of larger broods were compensated by larger seeds selected. Adults generally fed seeds within given size limits, but these limits were not imperative. Adults were opportunistic, raising their broods with the most available seeds, such as rape (Brassica napus) seed, but at the same time provisioning them with weed seeds from fallow lands or meadows.

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Zur Nahrung nestjunger Hänflinge (Acanthis cannabina L.)

Zusammenfassung Die Nahrung nestjunger Hänflinge in einem Heidegebiet der Bretagne (Frankreich) in den Jahren 1982 und 1983 bestand vornehmlich aus Sämereien. Je nach Monat dominiertenTaraxacum officinale (Compositae),Stellaria media (Caryophyllaceae),Brassica napus (Cruciferae),Anthoxantum odoratum (Gramineae) undEuphorbia helioscopia (Euphorbiaceae). Die von den Elternvögeln verfütterte Nahrung und ihre Größe variierte mit dem Alter der Nestlinge und der Brutgröße. Jüngere Nestlinge wurden mit größerer Sämereien gefüttert als ältere. Der höhere Nahrungsbedarf großer Bruten wurde durch die Wahl größerer Objekte kompensiert. Die Nahrungswahl der Elternvögel war opportunistisch nach den jeweils am zahlreichsten verfügbaren Sämereien, z. B. Raps (Brassica napus). Die Nahrungssuche erfolgte sowohl im Brachland wie auf Wiesen.

     

First report of non-mycorrhizal plant mutants (Myc) obtained in pea (Pisum sativum L.) and fababean (Vicia faba L.)

Genetic resistance to vesicular-arbuscular (VA) mycorrhiza formation has been obtained in spontaneous or chemically induced mutants of two mycorrhiza-forming species (Pisum sativum L. and Vicia faba L.). The eight mutants, termed myc⁻, are characterized by aborted infections limited to one or two host cells. Expression of the myc⁻ character is associated with that of the nod⁻ character in both legumes, and is likewise under recessive genetic control. Preliminary analysis of the genetic behaviour of the myc⁻ mutants in diallel crosses has shown that at least three genes are involved in VA mycorrhiza infection.     

Die FormenkreiseTurdus libonyanus (A. Sm.) undTurdus olivaceus L.

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Zur Systematik und Verbreitungsgeschichte der Haus- und Weidensperlinge,Passer domesticus (L.) undhispaniolensis (T.)

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Neuer Fund vonPorzana fusca fusca (L.) auf Flores

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Coinoculation of Bacillus thuringeinsis-KR1 with Rhizobium leguminosarum enhances plant growth and nodulation of pea (Pisum sativum L.) and lentil (Lens culinaris L.)

Nodulation and the subsequent nitrogen fixation are important factors that determine the productivity of legumes. The beneficial effects of nodulation can be enhanced when rhizobial inoculation is combined with plant-growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB). The PGPB strain Bacillus thuringiensis-KR1, originally isolated from the nodules of Kudzu vine (Pueraria thunbergiana), was found to promote plant growth of field pea (Pisum sativum L.) and lentil (Lens culinaris L.) under Jensen’s tube, growth pouch and non-sterile soil, respectively, when co-inoculated with Rhizobium leguminosarum-PR1. Coinoculation with B. thuringiensis-KR1 (at a cell density of 10⁶ c.f.u. ml⁻¹) provided the highest and most consistent increase in nodule number, shoot weight, root weight, and total biomass, over rhizobial inoculation alone. The enhancement in nodulation due to coinoculation was 84.6 and 73.3% in pea and lentil respectively compared to R. leguminosarum-PR1 treatment alone. The shoot dry-weight gains on coinoculation with variable cell populations of B. thuringiensis-KR1 varied from 1.04 to 1.15 times and 1.03 to 1.06 times in pea and lentil respectively, while root dry weight ratios of coinoculated treatments varied from 0.98 to 1.14 times and 1.08 to 1.33 times in pea and lentil respectively, those of R. leguminosarum-PR1 inoculated treatment at 42 days of plant growth. While cell densities higher than 10⁶ c.f.u. ml⁻¹ had an inhibitory effect on nodulation and plant growth, lower inoculum levels resulted in decreased cell recovery and plant growth performance. The results of this study indicate the potential of harnessing endophytic bacteria of wild legumes for improving the nodulation and growth of cultivated legumes.     

水稻MITEs类转座子mPing研究进展

Miniature Ping(mPing)是小型反向重复转座子(Miniature Inverted-Repeat Transposable Elements,MITEs)类转座子Tourist-like超家族重要成员,是水稻基因组内检测到的第一个活跃的MITEs,是MITEs大家族中少数低拷贝且可以在自然状态下维持转座活性的成员之一,因此,mPing是转座子相关领域研究的良好素材。该文综合阐述了近年来国内外有关mPing的结构、转座酶供体、激活特性以及对基因组的影响等方面的研究进展,为进一步深入探究MITEs的转座机制以及mPing转座子的开发利用提供资料。