聚酮类化合物生物合成的代谢工程研究进展

聚酮化合物是一类重要的具有生物活性的次级代谢物。本文讨论了以聚酮生物合成酶为核心的聚酮化合物生物合成途径,以及近年来有关代谢工程在聚酮类化合物生物合成方面的研究工作进展,主要包括将聚酮生物合成途径引入新的宿主、代谢流量分析在提高聚酮化合物中的应用及合成新的聚酮化舍物等。     

洋葱中两种生物活性因子及其保健功能的研究进展

对洋葱中的含硫化合物、类黄酮化合物这两种生物活性因子及保健功能的研究进展进行综述,旨在指导消费者更好地认识洋葱及洋葱制品。     

菊米中黄酮类化合物的提取讨论

简介了黄酮类化合物的分类和生物学活性及大孔吸附树脂纯化黄酮类化合物的原理、特点和一般的纯化过程,概述了大孔吸附树脂纯化菊米中黄酮类化合物的研究进展,并对大孔树脂在纯化黄酮类化合物中的应用前景进行了展望。     

黄酮类化合物促进癌细胞凋亡的分子机理研究进展

黄酮类化合物是一类低分子天然植物成分,这类化合物具有共同的母核C6-C3-C6。黄酮类化合物具有抗炎、抗氧化、抗肿瘤、改善心血管功能等生物活性。国内、外的大量研究表明,促进肿瘤细胞的凋亡是其抗肿瘤的机理之一。随着分子生物学技术的发展,黄酮类化合物诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡的分子机理也逐渐被阐明。本文简要综述国内外黄酮类化合物诱导癌细胞凋亡的分子机理研究进展。     

自养与异养小球藻脂溶性化合物对比研究

应用细胞培养技术获绿色自养小球藻与乳黄色异养小球藻细胞。异养藻细胞脂溶性化合物占细胞干重的７２％,是自养藻的４倍多。两类细胞烃类化合物的分布特征发生了显变化,自养藻以正十七烷占绝对优势;异养藻富含长链正烷烃,以正二十五烷烃占优势。两类细胞脂溶性色素化合物和苯洗脱组分化合物以及Ｃ、Ｈ、Ｏ、Ｎ１４种有机元素相对含量也差异显。对比实验结果对于异养小球藻的代谢研究和油脂化合物的开发利用具有重要意义。     

枇杷叶中黄酮类化合物提取工艺研究

以枇杷叶为原料,对黄酮类化合物的提取工艺进行研究,考察乙醇浓度、提取温度、提取时间、料液比对枇杷叶中黄酮类化合物提取率的影响,并采用正交实验进行优化。结果表明四种因素对枇杷叶中黄酮类化合物提取率影响的大小顺序为:乙醇浓度>提取时间>提取温度>料液比,枇杷叶中黄酮类化合物提取的最佳工艺条件为提取时间30min、提取温度80℃、乙醇浓度40%、料液比1:20(g/mL),最佳条件下黄酮类化合物提取率为6.92%。     

蜂胶中的黄酮类化合物

黄酮类化合物是蜂胶中最重要的组成成分和生物活性物质.本文对国内外从蜂胶中鉴定出的黄酮类化合物进行了分类总结,给出每种成分的中英文名称及化学名称,以避免同物异名或同名异物现象的出现.本文共列出黄酮类化合物135种,其中黄酮及黄酮醇类化合物46种,二氢黄酮及二氢黄酮醇类36种,异黄酮类11种,查耳酮和二氢查耳酮类17种,以及最近几年从蜂胶中鉴定出的新黄酮类似物25种.     

瑞香狼毒根中的一个新化合物(英文)

从瑞香狼毒根中分离得到了7个化合物,根据理化性质和波谱数据鉴定为:3-丁酰基-4-氨基肉桂酸乙酯(1)、阿魏酸(2)、香草酸(3)、姜黄素(4)、5'-去甲氧基-姜黄素(5)、3'-羟基-4'-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷黄酮(6)、3-甲氧基-4-O-β-D-葡萄糖苯甲酸(7),其中化合物1~3,6~7为首次从该植物中分离得到,化合物1为新化合物。     

银杏叶中黄酮类化合物的质量研究

银杏叶中黄酮类化合物的质量研究王红,张卫明（国中贸易部南京野生植物综合利用研究所）目前,银杏叶制剂被广泛用作改善腋血管、外周血管血流的药物［１］,其主要药理活性成分为银杏黄酮类和萜类化合物。银杏叶中黄酮类化合物主要有黄酮、黄酮醇及其甙类、儿茶素类和双...     

有机磷化合物的生物膜毒性效应

有机磷化合物对生物膜的毒性效应可能在其非胆碱能毒性中具有重要作用。本文概述了有机磷化合物的生物膜毒性效应的基础以及其对生物膜的生物化学性质和生物物理特性的影响。     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism