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全球生物多样性减少是当今世界面临的重大生态问题,两栖动物作为衡量环境的重要指示物种,近些年受到越来越多研究者的关注。本文以脊椎动物中生物多样性受威胁最严重的两栖动物为研究对象,通过检索2003–2021年文献,提取并整合关键词。首先分析了当代人类活动中的人为噪音、夜间人造光、路杀等3个因子对两栖动物的影响,发现人为噪音导致两栖动物的鸣叫行为发生改变,并且干扰两栖动物的繁殖行为,夜间人造光降低了两栖动物的生长速度,减少了行为活动时间,路杀直接影响了两栖动物的种群数量。其次归纳相应的缓解措施,提出改进意见,如加强道路基础设施建设,安装隔音屏障以缓冲噪音;控制两栖动物密集区的光照强度;建造两栖动物通道等。最后对今后人类活动对两栖动物影响研究中亟需解决的问题进行了展望,应加强人类活动对两栖动物影响的研究,努力减小人类活动对两栖动物的负面影响。 相似文献
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两栖动物是我国受威胁程度最高的动物类群,加强两栖动物资源调查和多样性监测,是开展两栖动物保护和濒危物种拯救行动的关键性基础工作。传统的两栖动物监测主要以形态学和声学为基础,耗时费力,且难以发现一些隐蔽性较强的稀有物种。基于环境DNA(environmental DNA, eDNA)的调查方法以其快速、灵敏、高效、无创等独特优势,为两栖动物多样性监测及保护提供了新的工具。综述了eDNA在两栖动物多样性监测、外来入侵和珍稀濒危物种调查、物种丰度或生物量估测等研究领域的应用进展,分析了两栖动物eDNA产生、扩散、迁移和降解的动态变化特征及其关键影响因子,探讨了eDNA应用于两栖动物监测研究的局限性并提出了优化建议,同时对未来的研究方向进行了展望,以充分挖掘eDNA在两栖动物监测中的应用潜力,为两栖动物多样性保护和管理提供新的思路。 相似文献
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倡议开展中国最珍稀濒危两栖动物评选活动 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
两栖动物是一类在进化和自然环境保护中非常重要的类群,目前面临着最严峻的生死存亡考验。我国是一个生物资源大国,两栖动物物种多样性位列全世界所有国家的第五位,而且特有种类非常丰富,是全世界两栖动物保护的重要地区。为配合“2008年-世界蛙年”活动,唤起人们关注和保护我国的两栖动物,世界自然保护联盟(IUCN)物种生存委员会两栖动物中国区专家组等正酝酿向广大两栖动物研究、保护和爱好人士发出倡议,在全国开展中国最有代表性的珍稀濒危两栖动物评选活动,评选出10~20个中国优先保护两栖动物。通过评选,推动我国的两栖动物保护和生物学研究工作,向广大民众普及两栖动物保护知识,促进全民对我国两栖动物的保护意识的提高。 相似文献
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两栖动物的不同科或属,乃至同一物种不同的地理种群内具有两种不同的性别决定系统,这种系统发生分布特征显示两栖动物的性别决定系统经历了多次转换。同型性染色体在许多两栖动物中存在,"高频转换"假说和"fountain-of-youth"假说是其形成的两种可能机制。激素在两栖动物性别决定早期起着重要作用。此外,我们还重点介绍了两栖动物中迄今唯一确认的性别决定基因(DM-W基因)。该综述将增进对两栖动物性别决定机制的多样性及其起源的认识,并为濒危两栖动物的物种保护和种群恢复以及养殖群体的利用提供科学依据。 相似文献
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广西大王岭自然保护区两栖动物多样性调查与分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
2007年8月对广西大王岭自然保护区的两栖动物进行了调查,结果表明,该保护区有18种两栖动物,隶属12属6科2目.其Shannon-Wiener多样性系数为2.4842,均匀度系数为0.8768.对两栖动物的区系及多样性进行了分析,并提出保护对策. 相似文献
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Marina Ciaraldi 《Vegetation History and Archaeobotany》2000,9(2):91-98
In 1996 a farmhouse (villa rustica) was excavated near Pompeii (Naples, southern Italy). The villa had the typical characters of other farmhouses of the same period (ca A.D. 79) found in the area. The content of one of thedolia (storage vats) found in the cellar is discussed here and an interpretation of the assemblage is provided. The deposit found at the bottom of the storage vat produced a high percentage of seeds of plants known for their medicinal properties, such asPapaver somniferum (opium poppy). Associated with the residue there were also bones of reptiles and amphibians. It is suggested that the assemblage may represent the residue of a medicinal preparation. Its content includes many plants used in the preparation of ancient drugs calledMithridatium andTheriac. Further indirect archaeological evidence that supports this hypothesis will also be discussed. 相似文献
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1IntroductionWildlifetradeisamain~mpetustoutilizewildlife.Thechangeinspeciesandvolumein-volvedinthewildlifetrademayreflectconservationstatus,dynamicsandexploitedlevelofwildliferesources.Thestudyonwildlifetradeisthetheoriticalbasisonwhichproposalsastolimittradeonrareorendangeredspeciescanbemade,andwithwhichfuturemonitoringofthetradecanbecompared.Theresultalsocanbeusedtoevaluateconservationeffectsofprotectionmeasuresandlawsforbiodiversityconservation.Itisofgreatsignificanceinguid-ingsustainable… 相似文献
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The Effects of Temperature on Respiration in the Amphibia 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The effects of temporal me on respiration in amphibians areprimarily effects on gas exchange patterns and rate of oxygenconsumption (Qo2) in major groups of amphibians. In temperatezone amphibians except plethodontid salamanders, pulmonary oxygenuptake increases with temperature. In plethodontid salamanderscutaneous gas exchange predominates and increases at highertemperatures. Aquatic salamanders are characterized by a lowerQo2 than temperate amphibians at all temperatures. Tropicalanurans have a Qo2 equivalent to temperate amphibians at a tempcrarure10 C greater. The ability of amphibians to supply their tissueswith oxygen and the effects of temperature on amphibian respiratoryparameters are suggested as probable factors causing these relationships. Recent evidence for temperature independent reduction in Qo2in fossorial amphibians and species differences in metabolicscope is discussed. 相似文献
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Tadashi Oishi Kiyoko Nagai Yumiko Harada Mayumi Naruse Masumi Ohtani Emi Kawano Satoshi Tamotsu 《Biological Rhythm Research》2004,35(1):105-120
Circadian rhythms of amphibians and reptiles in the field and under semi-natural conditions and the underlying mechanisms, including the ways of entrainment to environmental cues and the oscillators driving the rhythms, have been reviewed. Studies on the behavioral rhythms in the field are meager in both amphibians and reptiles. In anuran amphibians, Xenopus adults showed more robust nocturnal locomotor activity than did tadpoles. This indicates the ecological significance of the differences in activity pattern shown by amphibians at different life stages, because differences between adults and young in the same environment may serve to isolate partially the young from the adults' cannibalism. In reptiles, free-running rhythms are more robust and continue for a longer time compared to amphibians. In both amphibians and reptiles, multi-photoreceptors are involved in photo-entrainment of circadian rhythms. The eyes, pineal complex and deep brain comprise a multi-oscillator system as well as a multi-photoreceptor system. 相似文献
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J.-M. Weber 《Journal of Zoology》1990,220(4):641-651
The dietary importance of amphibians to otters was studied in north-east Scotland in 1987. The proportion of amphibians identified in otter droppings varies seasonally and according to the habitat. The consumption of amphibians increases in late winter and spring while they are either hibernating or spawning. Estimations of amphibian population density at spawning sites have been carried out. There is a significant correlation between the availability of amphibians and their consumption by otters. The main amphibian species involved in the diet is the common frog, Rana temporaria (60.8%), while the common toad, Bufo bufo , represents only 1.7% of the amphibian prey. 相似文献
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云南省两栖动物地理分布格局的聚类分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了量化云南省两栖动物地理分布格局及其相似性,对云南省102种两栖动物在地理小区的分布格局尺度上进行了聚类分析。建立物种有无分布的二元数据列联表,利用联合系数表示每两个地理小区内两栖动物的相似程度,以类平均法进行了聚类分析。结果表明,云南两栖动物可以归类为两大类群,相邻动物地理小区相似程度较高,南北差异显著。云南两栖动物地理分布格局与地势的阶梯变化基本一致。受地形、河流和气候的影响,分布格局的纬度变化规律不明显。在此基础上对结果与地理区划进行了对比。 相似文献