竹红菌乙素对人红细胞Na~+-K~+ATPase和钠通透性光敏损伤的研究

本文用NMR和生化方法研究了竹红菌乙素对人红细胞膜Na~+-K~+ATPase和钠通透性的光敏损伤。结果表明:在通常情况下,可同时观察到乙素对Na~+-K~+ATPase和钠通透性的光敏损伤。比较乙素、甲素、原卟啉和胆红素对上述两项指标的光敏能力,发现乙素对Na~+-K~+ATPase损伤能力与甲素和原卟啉相当,比胆红素大,对钠通透性的损伤大于其它几种敏化剂。实验指出,Na~+-K~+ATPase活力下降比钠通透性增加敏感。在乙素光敏作用时,加入Vit E可基术上保持胞内钠离子浓度不变,但无法使Na~+-K~+ATPase活力不损伤,这表明膜磷脂的结构完整对保持胞内钠浓度比较重要。对照试验指出乙素可使Na~+-K~+ATPase暗失活,这可能是经乙素介导的,由膜还原物质向氧的电子传递生成活性氧自由基攻击靶分子所致。     

竹红菌乙素(乙醇胺)修饰物对于鼠肝线粒体光敏损伤研究

竹红菌乙素与乙醇胺进行化学结构的修饰,可以得到红光性能更加优良的新型光敏剂(简称HB-E),为此,我们作了以下几方面的研究:1.对线粒体膜脂质过氧化损伤的光敏作用;2.对线粒体膜巯基蛋白光敏损伤;3.对ATP酶的失活;4.损伤机理的探讨;5.不同光敏剂光敏能力的对比;从以上研究可以看到HB-E光敏作用对于线粒体的损伤十分明显,从损伤的机理角度证明了氧自由基的作用是存在的,对于体系中产生超氧阴离子的来源认为并不是单线态氧的作用,而是HB-E自身产生自由基与氧反应的结果;所以说HB-E光敏作用中存在两种机制即:Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型并存;与其它光敏剂的光敏能力比较中明显大于血卟啉和亚甲兰。     

竹红菌乙素（乙醇胺）修饰物对于鼠肝线粒体光敏损伤研究

竹红菌乙素与乙醇胺进行化学结构的修饰,可以得到红光性能更加优良的新型光敏剂（简称ＨＢ－Ｅ）,为此,我们作了以下几方面的研究：１．对线粒体膜脂质过氧化损伤的光敏作用;２．对线粒体膜巯基蛋白光敏损伤;３．对ＡＴＰ酶的失活;４．损伤机理的探讨;５．不同光敏剂光敏能力的对比;从以上研究可以看到ＨＢ－Ｅ光敏作用对于线粒体的损伤十分明明;从损伤的机理角度证明了氧自由基的作用是存在的;对于体系中产生超氧阴离的来     

竹红菌乙素修饰物（－乙醇胺）对于腹水肝癌细胞光敏损伤的研究

通过分红菌乙素修饰物（－乙醇胺,简称ＨＢ－Ｅ）对小鼠腹水肝癌细胞（ＡＨ）光敏损伤以及ＨＢ－Ｅ被ＡＨ细胞摄取过程的研究。结果表明,ＨＢ－Ｅ在６４０ｎｍ光照的条件下对ＡＨ细胞产生很强的光动力作用;细胞对ＨＢ－Ｅ的摄取速度快（室温下２ｍｉｎ,达到平衡）,在饱和时每个细胞可摄取ＨＢ－Ｅ分子５×１０９个;经多种竹红菌素修饰物光敏能力的比较中ＨＢ－Ｅ光敏作用明显要大于其它的光敏剂;光敏机理的研究中确定了活性氧的作用是存在的。     

竹红菌乙素修饰物（－乙醇胺）对于腹水肝癌细胞光敏损伤的研究

通过竹红菌乙素修饰物（－乙醇胺,简称ＨＢ－Ｅ）对小鼠腹水肝癌细胞光敏损伤以及ＨＢＥ被ＡＨ细胞摄取过程的研究,结果表明,ＨＢ－Ｅ在６４０ｎｍ光照的条件下对ＡＨ细胞产生很强的光动力作用,细胞对ＨＢ－Ｅ的摄取速度快（室温下２ｍｉｎ,达到平衡）在饱和时每个细胞可摄取ＨＢ－Ｅ分子５×１０＾９个;经多种竹红菌素修饰物光敏能力的比较中ＨＢ－Ｅ光敏作用明显要大于其它的光敏剂,光敏机理的研究中确定了活性氧的作用是存     

竹红菌乙素溴化物对HeLa细胞形态结构的光敏损伤

以离体培养的ＨｅＬａ细胞为材料,用激光共聚焦显微镜,多动能图像分析仪,扫描电镜,透射电镜,荧光分光光度计等研究了一种新型的竹红菌乙素修饰物（５—Ｂｒ—ＨＢ）被ＨｅＬａ细胞摄取的时间进程、药物在细胞内的显微定位以及对细胞形态结构的光动力损伤。结果表明：ＨｅＬａ细胞对５—Ｂｒ—ＨＢ摄取在１小时之内细胞内药物浓度随着药液培养时间的增加呈线性增长,３小时后摄取基本达到饱和。ＨｅＬａ细胞在含１０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ５—Ｂｒ一ＨＢ培养基中３７℃温育半小时后,敏化剂主要分布在细胞膜和胞浆中。受光动力损伤的细胞膜丧失连续结构,绒毛丧失,细胞表面出现异形突起。加药并光照５分钟组细胞浆内产生大量空泡,线粒体、内质网等细胞器丧失结构完整性,在较高浓度下甚至出现明显的细胞膜破裂和核膜损伤。光动力敏化对核形态产生明显的损伤作用,表现为Ｎ／Ｃ和ＮＡ减小,ＮＦＦ增大。     

竹红菌甲素对红细胞膜蛋白及膜磷脂的光敏损伤

In this paper, using human erythrocyte membrane, the photodamage of Hypocrellin A to membrane protein and phospholipid was studied by measuring the lipid peroxidation, the damage of phospholipid, the change of protein secondary structure, the endogenous fluorescence change and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis. These results showed that illumination of erythrocyte membrane in presence of Hypocrellin A can cause lipid peroxidation producing fluorescence adduct and MDA, decomposing in phospholipid composition in which PE and PS were more sensitive than others. Meanwhile, the secondary structure of membrane protein was destroyed and endogenous fluorescence decreased. The photodamage on phospholipid and spectrin occurred more seriously in the case they were embedded in membrane than they were in isolated form. So we suggest that they are interactions existing between proteins and phospholipids to enhance the damage on protein and phospholipid during the HA-sensitized photodamage on membrane.     

竹红菌甲素对红细胞膜蛋白及膜磷脂的光敏损伤

本文以红细胞膜为材料,通过测量磷脂过氧化荧光产物的产生,磷脂组分的损伤以及膜蛋白二级结构的破坏,内源荧光的下降和蛋白SDS-凝胶电泳分析,探讨了甲素光敏作用中蛋白和磷脂的损伤。结果表明:甲素存在时红细胞膜样品照光,使磷脂产生过氧化荧光产物和丙二醛,磷脂组分受到破坏(其中PE与PS较敏感),在膜状态的磷脂比提取的磷脂脂质体中的损伤来得剧烈。同时,膜蛋白二级结构遭到破坏,内源荧光下降。在膜状态中spectrin的损伤比提取出的spectrin的损伤来得严重。据此,我们认为,在甲素光敏作用产生的蛋白和磷脂的损伤过程中,蛋白与磷脂间存在着相互作用和相互影响,使损伤加剧。     

竹红菌甲素对红细胞膜和几种磷脂脂质体膜的流动性的光敏损伤

本文以荧光探针为手段,通过测量膜偏振度的变化,探讨了竹红菌甲素光敏作用对红细胞膜和几种磷脂脂质体膜的流动性的损伤。结果表明,甲素光敏作用使不同种类的磷脂(DPPC,DPPC/DPPE,红细胞膜磷脂)脂质体的流动性增加,其对光敏作用的敏感程度为红细胞膜磷脂脂质体显著小于DPPC/DPPE脂质体及DPPC脂质体。对红细胞膜来说,甲素光敏作用使其流动性呈现先降低而后增加的现象。去除膜上的spectrin以及用胰蛋白酶处理可使这种流动性变化的幅度受到抑制。据此,我们认为,膜磷脂,膜蛋白对甲素光敏作用中膜流动性的变化有着不同的影响,膜蛋白,特别是spectrin,是其中极重要的因素。     

Furosemide-sensitive Na+-K+ cotransport and cellular metabolism in human erythrocytes

Metabolic depletion of human red cells with 2-deoxy-D-glucose in the presence of EGTA decreased ATP to about 4% of the initial value and increased total ouabain- and furosemide-resistant Na+ and K+ effluxes by 20% and 100%, respectively, and furosemide-sensitive Na+ and K+ effluxes by 100% and 60%, respectively. When ATP was restored, all the components of Na+ and K+ fluxes measured returned to baseline levels suggesting a metabolic dependence.     

Reversibility and partial reactions of the Na(+)-K+ pump of rat erythrocytes

An assay was developed to characterize the kinetic parameters of the Na(+)-K+ pump of rat erythrocytes under conditions as physiological as possible. Changes in the red cell Na+ and Rb+ content were determined in Na+ media (containing 2.5 mM inorganic phosphate (PO4) as a function of cell Na+ (2-8 mmol/l) and extracellular Rb+ (0.2-5 mM). Evaluation of the data revealed that under these conditions the Na(+)-K+ pump mediates, in addition to forward running 3 Nai+: 2 Rbo+ exchange, 1 Ki+:Rbo+ exchange and pump reversal (3 Nao+:2 Ki+ exchange). The two latter modes of Na(+)-K+ pump operation are accelerated by PO4 and lowering of cell Na+. At physiological cation and PO4 concentrations, 1Ki+:Rbo+ exchange contributes by 30-60% to total ouabain-sensitive Rb+ uptake. Thereby, the stoichiometry of ouabain-sensitive Na+ net-extrusion to Rb+ uptake is reduced to values between 1.0 and 0.5. Only at cell Na+ contents above 20 mmol/l the Na+:Rb+ stoichiometry approaches the value of 3:2 = 1.5. At certain constellations of Nai+ and Rbo+ the Na(+)-K+ pump cannot perform any net-transport of Na+ and K+ (Rb+). These equilibrium points are not far from those expected from thermodynamic considerations. The results demonstrate that in normal rat erythrocytes the reversible reaction cycle of the Na(+)-K+ pump runs in several modes of operation. The "abnormal" modes complicate the interpretation of unidirectional fluxes mediated by the Na(+)-K+ pump.     

HPLC method for measuring (Na(+)-K(+)) ATPase and (Ca(++)-Mg(++)) ATPase in erythrocytes from different species of mammals]

(Na(+)-K+)ATPase and (Ca(++)-Mg++)ATPase are enzymes located in erythrocyte plasma membranes, driving back ions against the electrochemical gradient; (Na(+)-K+)ATPase transports 3 Na+ ions out of the cell, and 2 K+ ions into it for each hydrolyzed ATP molecule, whereas the Ca(2+)-pump transports Ca2+ ions out of the cells, by utilizing still the ATP hydrolysis. The method used to test the activity of the above mentioned enzymes is based on the measuring of the ADP quantity released during the reaction by HPLC, that is High Performance Liquid Chromatography; the chromatographic type is a Ion-Pair Reversed-Phase. This method presents the following important advantages for the assay of the enzymes we analysed: 1) It is reproducible through time; 2) It is perfectly linear; 3) It is extremely sensitive. This method allowed us to carry out a comparative study of (Na(+)-K+)ATPase and (Ca(++)-Mg++)ATPase in erythrocyte plasma membranes of several species of mammalia: man, horse, rabbit, lamb, rat. We recovered different values in ATPase activity; (Ca(++)-Mg++)ATPase shows a higher activity than Na(+)-K+)ATPase; moreover, some differences exist in the various Mammalia considered, with relation to each pump: the lamb shows the lowest activity for both pumps, whereas the rabbit shows the highest one. At present, the different values obtained are being interpreted and analysed. This method is also very versatile, since it allowed us to assess the Km value for Ca++ of the (Ca(++)-Mg++)ATPase in erythrocyte plasma membranes of rabbit. The value resulted to be 100 microMs, thus 10 times higher than the human Km value for the Ca++.