Plant Species with Potential as Food,Nesting Material,or Tools at a Chimpanzee Refuge Site in Caddo Parish,Louisiana

Surplus chimpanzees live in research laboratories where they will likely remain for the rest of their lives. An alternative to laboratory housing is an outdoor enclosure in a warm climate. Before construction, researchers should conduct a vegetation survey because chimpanzees use vegetation daily. Chimp Haven, Inc. is developing a chimpanzee sanctuary in Caddo Parish, Louisiana, and we conducted a vegetation survey at the site to 1) characterize the abundance and structure of vegetation; 2) identify plants with utility as food, nesting material, or tools; 3) determine the abundance and distribution of useful vegetation; and 4) identify any possibly hazardous vegetation. We established 48 plots, quantified the woody vegetation, and identified potentially useful and hazardous plant species from the published literature. Vegetation at the site was secondary growth from logging of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), the most abundant tree. Other abundant trees included oak (Quercus spp.), elm (Ulmus spp.), sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua), and maple (Acer spp.). Small plants (1–9.9 m tall) constituted 95% of all vegetation. Forty-one of 64 plant species have edible vegetative parts, while 35 species have edible reproductive parts. We identified 55 potential nesting trees by size (dbh ≥ 25 cm) and 4 species used as tools by captive great apes. Useful vegetation was concentrated in areas with topographic relief or in a floodplain, while flat areas with fields had less. We recommend that the floodplain be cropped for fruit and browse and enclosures encompass areas with relief and fields, creating a diverse habitat.     

American Indian Narrative

Traditions of the Arapaho. George Dorsey and Alfred Kroeber. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, Bison Books, 1997. xxx + 487 pp.
Traditions of the Caddo. George Dorsey. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, Bison Books, 1997. xxiv + 133 pp.     

Reversal of dormancy in switchgrass with low-light photoperiod extension

Some switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) cultivars originating in the northern USA show limited late-summer and fall growth when grown in more southerly locations despite adequate temperature and moisture. Our objective was to determine the effects of low-light photoperiod extension on the dry matter yield of switchgrass cultivars originating from contrasting latitudes. Seedlings of the four cultivars (Cave-in-Rock, 'Caddo', 'Kanlow', and 'Alamo') were grown for 100 d in a greenhouse in winter under ambient (11.2-12.2 h) and extended (18 h) photoperiods. Photoperiod extension was with 7 micromol m(-2) s(-1) photosynthetic photon flux density. Cultivars responded differently to photoperiod extension (P<0.05). Large increases in dry matter yield at extended photoperiods were observed in Cave-in-Rock (+98%) and Caddo (+129%). The dry matter yield of Kanlow increased by 31%, whereas dry matter yield of the southernmost cultivar Alamo was not affected by photoperiod extension. Yield increases for Cave-in-Rock and Caddo were associated with increased tiller number and weight. A reversal of dormancy for some cultivars with a photoperiodic signal verified that dormancy was not simply a result of a low radiant input.     

A Statistical Examination Of Caddoan Vessel Design And Shape From The Ben Mckinney Site,Marion County,Texas

Abstract

The statistical analysis reported here was done to set mathematical criteria for typologies of Caddoan ceramics. A fifty-vessel sample was analyzed through contingency table analysis, factor analysis, and canonical analysis to isolate design variables that would be statistically valid for assigning vessels to established types and to delineate statistically significant relationships between design attributes and vessel shape. Further work on this project canbe expected to establish a numerical method for ceramic typology for archeologists working in the Caddo area.     

Comparison of growth and performance in upland and lowland switchgrass types to water and nitrogen stress

The objective of the study was to examine lowland (Alamo and Kanlow) and upland (Blackwell and Caddo) cultivars of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) for differences in response to water deficit and nitrogen fertilizer. Cultivars were grown in pots with fritted clay at two water levels: well watered and deficit conditions (-0.1 and -1.0 MPa) and two nitrogen levels (10 and 100 kg ha(-1)). Nitrogen determined growth potential of the cultivars more than water availability. The lowland cultivars produced greater biomass yields than upland cultivars. However, upland cultivars showed a smaller response to drought stress. Under water stress conditions all cultivars exhibited a higher leaf percentage of total dry matter (DM), with the upland cultivars having the highest leaf percentage of total DM. Nitrogen proved to have more of an effect on single-leaf photosynthesis rates than water. Alamo demonstrated the greatest biomass production among all cultivars. The differences found between the two lowland cultivars suggest that Alamo would be better suited for forage and biomass production in central Texas, being a higher producer under drought and non-drought conditions than Kanlow as well as upland cultivars.     

Slash pine seedling response to potassium and calcium on imperfectly drained coastal plain soil

In a greenhouse study, increases in dry weight and N, P, K, Ca, and Mg content of seedlings from a preplanting application of 0.16 meq K/100 g of Caddo silt loam topsoil were markedly greater on soil containing 0.06 meq K, than on soil containing 0.09 meq K/100 g. Except for further increasing K and reducing Ca content of seedlings, applications of 0.32 and 0.48 meq K/100 g added little to growth or nutrient accumulation. Additions of 1 to 5 meq Ca/100 g either did not affect or slightly reduce dry weight and uptake of all nutrients except Ca. Potassium and calcium treatments did not interact to influence growth or nutrient uptake. Dry weight and accumulation of N, P, and K were all associated with the amount of K available; Ca accumulation was related only to available Ca.     

Allelic diversity at the Mhc-DQA locus in cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) and a comparison of DQA sequences within the family Muridae (Mammalia: Rodentia)

 The cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus) is a common murid rodent of the southern United States, Mexico, and Central America. Using single-stranded conformation polymorphism analysis and DNA sequencing techniques, 11 DQA exon 2 alleles were detected among 180 S. hispidus from Caddo County, Oklahoma, USA. The alleles represent a single locus exhibiting a high level of polymorphism. Nucleotide and amino acid distance values among DQA alleles of S. hispidus were higher than those within Mus musculus and species of Rattus. Although the distribution of polymorphic amino acid residues among alleles of S. hispidus was similiar to that of Mus and Rattus, some residues of the α-helix region were more variable in S. hispidus. Comparisons of nonsynonymous and synonymous substitutions indicated a trend toward higher numbers of nonsynonymous substitutions; however, this difference was not significant statistically among S. hispidus alleles. To examine evolution of DQA alleleswithin Muridae, we performed a phylogenetic analysis that included DQA alleles from S. hispidus, Peromyscus leucopus, M. musculus, R. norvegicus, and six Australian species of Rattus. Results depicted monophyly for each genus, and this concordance between species and gene trees represents a lack of evidence for trans-species persistence of alleles among these genera. Received: 22 October 1998 / Revised: 17 March 1999     

Estimation of hymenopteran parasitism in cereal aphids by using molecular markers

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers were designed and tested for identification of immature parasitoids in small grain cereal aphids and for estimation of parasitism rates. PCR technique was evaluated for 1) greenhouse-reared greenbugs, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), parasitized by Lysiphlebus testaceipes Cresson and 2) aphids collected from winter wheat fields in Caddo County, Oklahoma. For greenhouse samples, parasitism frequencies for greenbugs examined by PCR at 0, 24, and 48 h after removal of L. testaceipes parasitoids were compared with parasitism frequencies as determined by greenbug dissection. PCR was unable to detect parasitism in greenbugs at 0 and 24 h postparasitism, but it was able to detect parasitoids 48 h after parasitoid removal at frequencies that were not significantly different from dissected samples. Field-collected samples were analyzed by rearing 25 aphids from each sample and by comparing parasitoid frequencies of mummies developed and PCR performed on another 50 aphids. Aphid samples included corn leaf aphids, Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch); bird cherry-oat aphids, Rhopalosiphum padi (L.); English grain aphids, Sitobion avenae (F.); and greenbugs. Mummies were isolated until adult emergence, whereupon each parasitoid was identified to species (L. testaceipes was the only parasitoid species found). Parasitism detection frequencies for PCR also were not statistically different from parasitism frequencies of reared aphids. These results indicate that PCR is a useful tool for providing accurate estimates of parasitism rates and especially for identification of immature parasitoids to species.     

Local-scale environmental variation generates highly divergent lineages associated with stream drainages in a terrestrial salamander, Plethodon caddoensis

Spatial and temporal heterogeneity in environmental factors can have profound effects on diversification in species that are tightly linked to their environments. The Caddo Mountain Salamander (Plethodon caddoensis) inhabits a unique physiographic section of the Ouachita Mountains in central North America, a region in which Pleistocene climatic fluctuations have been implicated in driving lineage diversification in two other closely related salamanders. We examined P. caddoensis to determine whether it was similarly impacted by historic climatic changes and test whether physiographic features unique to the area also contributed to its diversification. We found that P. caddoensis is composed of four highly divergent, geographically distinct lineages that abut one another along an east-west axis. Phylogeographic structure was significantly related to both geographic distance and stream drainages, indicating that connectivity of streams and stream-associated habitats (e.g., talus) influence patterns of interpopulation gene flow. Lineages originated during the Middle Miocene and population size decreased in all lineages during the Pleistocene. Surface Geology and precipitation were the most important variables predicting the species distribution. Our results show that the unique physiographic features of the area coupled with species response to climatic factors have driven lineage diversification and phylogeographic structure in P. caddoensis. Variation in responses to historic climatic fluctuations among salamander species in this region underscore the importance of integrating species ecology with other factors such as geology and hydrology in order to better understand the effects of climate change on species with close associations to their environments.     

Natural Variation for Nutrient Use and Remobilization Efficiencies in Switchgrass

Nutrient management in biomass production systems serves to maximize yield and minimize production costs and environmental impact. Loss of soil nutrients with harvested biomass can be reduced by the judicious choice of genotype and harvest time. Sustainable production of switchgrass for biofuel will depend, in part, on breeding of varieties that are conservative in their use of soil nutrients to produce biomass. To aid such breeding programs, we assessed the natural variation in nutrient-use and remobilization efficiencies of 31 accessions of Panicum virgatum by measuring the concentration of 20 elements (N, P, K, Li, B, Na, Mg, Ca, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Mo, and Cd) in shoots of field-grown plants harvested at two different stages of development. Significant differences between accessions were found for elemental composition at maturity and after senescence. The concentration of several elements (N, P, K, and Rb) decreased in the shoots of all accessions during senescence, although the efficiency of remobilization ranged from 20% to 61% for N, 31% to 65% for P, 25% for 84% for K, and 33% to 84% for Rb. The accessions/cultivars with the greatest nutrient-use efficiency (smallest loss of nutrient per unit biomass) were BN-14668-65, Kanlow, Caddo from the point of view of N content, and Kanlow, Cave-in-Rock, and Blackwell from the point of view of P content in senescent shoots. Finally, differences in elemental composition between upland and lowland ecotypes were also found. The information presented here will help to guide future breeding programs and nutrient management practices.     

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Nesting ecology of the Avocet in Käina Bay. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: POLLUTION AND CONSERVATION: Renno , O. Bird fauna of the West-Estonian fens and its variation during reclamation of fens. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: POLLUTION AND CONSERVATION: Irdt , A. & Vilbaste , H. Bird fauna of the Nigula peat-bog. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: POLLUTION AND CONSERVATION: Kumari , E. Past and present of the Peregrine Falcon in Estonia. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: POLLUTION AND CONSERVATION: Lloyd , C. S., Bibby , C. J. & Everett , M. J. T.R.B. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: POLLUTION AND CONSERVATION: Malayan Nature Society . 1974. A blueprint for conservation in Peninsular Malaysia. Malay. Nat. J. 27 RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: POLLUTION AND CONSERVATION: Masatomi , H. & Kitagawa , T. 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RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: BEHAVIOUR Reynolds , J. F. Roth , P. & Nievergelt , B. 1975. Die Standorte der Balzplätze beim Auerhuhn Tetrao urogallus. Orn. Beob. 72: 101–112. (English summary.) RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: BEHAVIOUR Sherrod , L. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: BEHAVIOUR Stamm , R. A. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: BEHAVIOUR Weeks , S. E. 1973. The behaviour of the Red-winged Tinamou, Rhynchotus rufescens. Zoologica, N.Y. 58: 13–40. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: BEHAVIOUR Weir , D. & Picozzi , N. 1975. Aspects of social behaviour in the Buzzard. Br. Birds 68: 125–141. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: VOCALIZATIONSA: nzenberger , G. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: VOCALIZATIONSA: Baptista , L. F. 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RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MIGRATION AND HOMINGB: Elliott , C. C. H. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MIGRATION AND HOMINGB: Gauci , C. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MIGRATION AND HOMINGB: Gavrilov , V. M. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MIGRATION AND HOMINGB: Keeton , W. T. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MIGRATION AND HOMINGB: Meltofte , H. & Kiørboe , T. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MIGRATION AND HOMINGB: Mendelsohn , J. M. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MIGRATION AND HOMINGB: Møller , A. P. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MIGRATION AND HOMINGB: Petersen , F. D. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MIGRATION AND HOMINGB: Rabøl , J. 1973. Orientation experiments with Whitethroats Sylvia communis and Lesser White throats Sylvia curruca. Dansk orn Foren. Tidsskr. 67: 85–94. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MIGRATION AND HOMINGB: Rabøl , J. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MIGRATION AND HOMINGB: Rinne , J. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MIGRATION AND HOMINGB: Schüz , E. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MIGRATION AND HOMINGB: Tyrväinen , H. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MIGRATION AND HOMINGB: Weitnauer , E. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MIGRATION AND HOMINGB: Wells , D. R. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MIGRATION AND HOMINGB: Wood , B. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MORPHOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY AND GENETICS: Bährmann , U. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MORPHOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY AND GENETICS: Bulatova , N. S. & Radjabli , S. I. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MORPHOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY AND GENETICS: Deng Qi -Hsiang . RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MORPHOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY AND GENETICS: Dolnik , T. V. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MORPHOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY AND GENETICS: Dolnik , V. R. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MORPHOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY AND GENETICS: Dowsett , R. J. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MORPHOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY AND GENETICS: Dzerzhinsky , F. J. & Potapova , E. G. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MORPHOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY AND GENETICS: Eck , S. & Geidel , B. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MORPHOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY AND GENETICS: Galkina , V. N. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MORPHOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY AND GENETICS: Ilyichev , V. D., Bogoslovskaja , L. S. & Barsova , L. I. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MORPHOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY AND GENETICS: Iordansky , N. N. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MORPHOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY AND GENETICS: Joubert , C. S. W. & Maclean , G. L. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MORPHOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY AND GENETICS: O'Donald , P., Davis , J. W. F. & Broad , R. A. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MORPHOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY AND GENETICS: Sutter , E. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MORPHOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY AND GENETICS: Wilson , D. S. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MORPHOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY AND GENETICS: Wolters , H. E. & Clancey , P. A. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: PARASITOLOGY Bourne , W. R. P. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: PARASITOLOGY Brion , A. & Vacher , M. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: PARASITOLOGY Dahlgren , R. B., Trautman , C. G. & Parikh , G. C. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: PARASITOLOGY Heerden , J. van . RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: PARASITOLOGY Macdonald , J. W. & Gush , G. H. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: PARASITOLOGY Mc Groarty , D. L. & Dobson , R. C. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: PARASITOLOGY Maclean , G. L., Gous , R. M. & Bosman , T. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Ahlquist , J. E. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Amstutz , J. B. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Ash , J. S. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Benson , C. W., Beamish , H. H., Jouanin , C., Salvan , J. & Watson , G. E. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Benson , C. W. & Elliott , H. F. I. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Benson , C. W. & Irwin , M. P. S. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Benson , C. W. & Irwin , M. P. S. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Bochénski , Z. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Brooke , R. K. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Brooke , R. K. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Brown , L. H. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Cave , F. O. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Cheng Tso -Hsin . RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Clancey , P. A. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Clancey , RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Clancey , P. A. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Clancey , P. A. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Clancey , P. A. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Clancey , P. A. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Dean , F. C. & Chesemore , D. L. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Delacour , J. & Ripley , S. D. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Desfayes , M. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Eck , S. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Erard , C. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Frost , P. G. H. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Gaffiero , J. V. & Borg , S. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Hubbard , J. P. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Hutson , A. M. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Irwin , M. P. S. & Clancey , P. A. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Isleib , M. E. P. & Kessel , B. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Jackson , H. D. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Känel , A. von . RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Kemp , A. C. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Kistchinski , A. A. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Novaes , F. C. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Peking Inst . Zool ., South Sea Marine Inst . & Peking Nat . Hist . Mus . RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Peng Yen -Chang et al. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Pinto , A. A. da R. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Pitelka , F. A. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Prigogine , A. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Short , L. L. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Sibley , C. G., Corbin , K. W., Ahlquist , J. E. & Ferguson , A. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Sibley , C. G. & Ahlquist , J. E. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Sultana , J. & Gauci , C. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Sultana , J. & Gauci , C. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Urban , E. K. & Jefford , T. G. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Vernon , C. J. & Dean , W. R. J. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Winterbottom , J. M. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Winterbottom , J. M. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Wood , B. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC Zahavi , A. & Dudai , R. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MISCELLANEOUS Dennis , R. H. & Wallace , D. I. M. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MISCELLANEOUS Hume , R. A. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MISCELLANEOUS Krechmar , A. V. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MISCELLANEOUS Lavrovsky , V. V. & Priklonsky , S. G, RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MISCELLANEOUS Mead , C. J. & Pepler , G. R. M. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MISCELLANEOUS Ogilvie , M. A. & Wallace , D. I. M. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MISCELLANEOUS Pettet , A. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MISCELLANEOUS Radke , W. J. & Frydendall , M. J. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MISCELLANEOUS Reid , W. S., Buckley , D. J., Hunt , J. R. & Price , K.     

Twelve new serotypes ofArizona bacteria isolated from zoo animals

Twelve previously undescribed serotypes ofArizona isolated from zoo animals were characterized. They were 10a, 10b : 13(14) : 28a, 28b, 28d; 9a, 9c : 33 : 28a, 28b; 1,4 : 24 : 21; 1,4 : 29 : 31; 19 : 22 : 28a, 28b; 7a, 7c : 27 : 31 : 38; 26 : 33 : 28a, 28b; 9a, 9b : 29 : 21; 23 : 33 : 28a, 28b; 7a, 7b : 22 : 34; 5 : 1,6; and 23 : 33 : 28a, 28b : 42.     

Adaptation of biological membranes to temperature: molecular species compositions of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine in mitochondrial and microsomal membranes of liver from thermally-acclimated rainbow trout

Summary Molecular species profiles were determined for both phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) of mitochondrial and microsomal membrane fractions from liver tissue of thermally-acclimated rainbow trout,Salmo gairdneri. The predominant molecular species of PC were 16:0/22:6, 16:0/18:1, 16:0/20:3 and 16:0/22:5, whereas predominant molecular species of PE were 18:1/20:4, 14:0/16:0, 18:0/22:6 and 18:1/22:6. PE possessed short chain saturates (primarily 14:0/16:0) and monoenes (primarily 14:0/16:1) not present in PC and larger proportions of polyunsaturated (18:0/22:6, 18:0/22:5 and 18:1/22:6. and diunsaturated molecular species than PC. Differences between membrane fractions were most evident in warm (20°C)-acclimated trout. Mitochondria contained higher proportions of long-chain, polyunsaturated molecular species of PE, but less of the corresponding species of PC than other membrane fractions. Rankings based on unsaturation index were accordingly: mitochondria heavy microsomes>light microsomes for PE, but heavy microsomes>light microsomes>-mitochondria for PC. Mitochondria were notable for high proportions of diunsaturated molecular species of both phosphatides. Growth at cold temperatures (5°C) was generally associated with a replacement of shorter chain mono- and dienoic molecular species (16:0/18:1, 16:1/18:1, 14:0/16:2 and 18:1/18:1 in the case of PC and 14:0/16:1, 14:0/16:2 and 16:1/18:1 for PE), and occasionally saturates, with long-chain, polyunsaturated molecular species (for PC, C_36–38: 16:0/22:6, 16:1/22:6, 16:0/20:3 and 16:0/20:5; for PE, C_38–40: 18:1/20:4, 16:1/22:6, 18:0/20:5, 18:2/20:4, 18:0/22:5 and 18:0/22:6). However, compositions of mitochondrial PE and PC from heavy microsomes were not significantly influenced by acclimation temperature. The role of phospholipase A₂, in addition to other metabolic processes, in mediating these changes is discussed.Abbreviations ACL average chain length - UI unsaturation index     

Analyses of Pneumocystis Fatty Acids

The major ester-linked fatty acids of the total lipids extracted from Pneumocystis carinii isolated from the lungs of corticosteroid-trcaicd rats were 16:0. 18:0, 18:1, 18:2 and 20:4. Others detected included 14:0, 16:1 and 22:4. The major sphingolipid fatty acids were 16:0, 18:0,22:0,24:0 and 24:1; others included 14:0, 18:1, 20:0, 23:0, 24:2 and 26:0. The total lipid fatty acid compositions of preparations from appropriate lung controls were similar to those of the organism.     

Miscibility properties of binary phosphatidylcholine mixtures. A calorimetric study.

From data obtained by differential scanning calorimetry phase diagrams were constructed, using a thermodynamically based fitting method. The following binary mixtures of phosphatidylcholines in water were studied: 14:0/14:0-glycerophosphocholine/16:0/16:0-glucerophosphocholine, 14:0/14:0-glycerophosphocholine/18:0/18:0-glycerophosphocholine, 12:0/12:0-glycerophosphocholine/16:0/16:0-glycerophosphocholine, 18:1t/18:1t-glycerophosphocholine/14:0/14:0-glycerophosphocholine and 18:1t/18:1t-glycerophosphocholine/16:0/16:0-glycerophosphocholine. A comparison is made of the present results with those obtained using probe techniques and the differences are discussed.     

Comprehensive separation and identification of chemical constituents from Apocynum venetum leaves by high-performance counter-current chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry

High-performance counter-current chromatography (HPCCC) and high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) was efficiently utilized for the separation and identification of the chemical components with a wide range of polarity from the mixed extract of Chinese medicinal herb Apocynum venetum. For HPCCC separation, four sets of solvent systems, n-hexane-ethyl acetate-acetonitrile-water (1.5:3.5:2:4.5, v:v:v:v), ethyl acetate-methanol-water (5:2:5, v:v:v) and n-butanol-methanol-water (5:1:5, v:v:v) were used for the one-step separation by four stages. The HPCCC separation was initiated by filling the column with the lower phase of n-hexane-ethyl acetate-acetonitrile-water (1.5:3.5:2:5, v:v:v:v) as a stationary phase followed by elution with the upper phase of n-hexane-ethyl acetate-acetonitrile-water (1.5:3.5:2:5, v:v:v:v) to separate the hydrophobic compounds (tail to head). Then the mobile phase was switched to the upper phase of ethyl acetate-acetonitrile-water (5:3:7, v:v:v) to eluted the moderate hydrophobic compounds, then the mobile phase was switched to the upper phase of ethyl acetate-methanol-water (5:2:5, v:v:v) to eluted the moderate hydrophilic compounds, and finally the hydrophilic compounds still retained in the column was eluted by the upper phase of n-butanol-methanol-water (5:1:5, v:v:v). A total of 16 named compounds including adhyperforin, hyperforin, amentoflavone, biapigenin, quercetin, avicularin, acetylated isoquercetin, acetylated hyperoside, astragalin, trifolin, isoquercetin, hyperoside, querciturone, rutin, chlorogenic acid and quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside were successfully separated via the four sets of solvent systems in one step operation for 130 min. The compounds separated by HPCCC were identified by comparing with mixed standards data of HPLC-MS as well as NMR data.     

Composition and localization of lipids in Penaeus merguiensis ovaries during the ovarian maturation cycle as revealed by imaging mass spectrometry

Ovary maturation, oocyte differentiation, and embryonic development in shrimp are highly dependent on nutritional lipids taken up by female broodstocks. These lipids are important as energy sources as well as for cell signaling. In this study, we report on the compositions of major lipids, i.e. phosphatidylcholines (PCs), triacylglycerols (TAGs), and fatty acids (FAs), in the ovaries of the banana shrimp, Penaeus merguiensis, during ovarian maturation. Thin-layer chromatography analysis showed that the total PC and TAG signal intensities increased during ovarian maturation. Further, by using gas chromatography, we found that (1) FAs 14:0, 16:1, 18:1, 18:2, 20:1, and 22:6 proportionally increased as ovarian development progressed to more mature stages; (2) FAs 16:0, 18:0, 20:4, and 20:5 proportionally decreased; and (3) FAs 15:0, 17:0, and 20:2 remained unchanged. By using imaging mass spectrometry, we found that PC 16:0/16:1 and TAG 18:1/18:2/22:6 were detected in oocytes stages 1 and 2. PCs 16:1/20:4, 16:0/22:6, 18:3/22:6, 18:1/22:6, 20:5/22:6, and 22:6/22:6 and TAGs 16:0/16:1/18:3, 16:0/18:1/18:3, 16:0/18:1/18:1, and 16:0/18:2/22:6 were present in all stages of oocytes. In contrast, the PC- and TAG-associated FAs 20:4, 20:5, and 22:6 showed high signal intensities in stage 3 and 4 oocytes. These FAs may act as nutrition sources as well as signaling molecules for developing embryos and the hatching process. Knowledge of lipid compositions and localization could be helpful for formulating the diet for female broodstocks to promote fecundity and larval production.