Proteomics and irritable bowel syndrome

Introduction: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a gastrointestinal disease that according to Rome IV criteria is subdivided into four subtypes. The pathophysiology of this disease is not well understood due to numerous factors playing multiple roles in disease development, such as diet, stress and hormones. IBS has a variety of symptoms and overlaps with many other gastrointestinal and non-gastrointestinal diseases.

Area covered: This review aims to present an overview of implementation of proteomics in experimental studies in the field of IBS.

Expert commentary: Proteomics is commonly used for biomarker discovery in and has also been extensively used in IBS research. The necessity of a sensitive and specific biomarker for IBS is apparent, but despite the intensive research performed in this field, an appropriate biomarker is not yet available.     

The irritable bowel syndrome.

The irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is an extremely common disorder. It is believed to occur usually after emotional stress and perhaps because of behavioural and dietary factors. There is definite evidence of disturbed gastrointestinal function associated with IBS; however, a diagnostic marker remains elusive. The current trend is to diagnose IBS on the basis of the patient''s history and the findings at physical examination and after minimal investigation. The physician-patient relationship remains the most important factor in the management of IBS. Long-term benefit may be achieved with the use of dietary fibre supplements or stool-bulking agents. The evaluation of currently available drugs is difficult because of the placebo effect. Drug therapy should be aimed at specific symptoms and used mainly during the initial phase of treatment.     

Peppermint oil in irritable bowel syndrome

In a literature search 16 clinical trials investigating 180-200 mg enteric-coated peppermint oil (PO) in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or recurrent abdominal pain in children (1 study) with 651 patients enrolled were identified. Nine out of 16 studies were randomized double blind cross over trials with (n = 5) or without (n = 4) run in and/or wash out periods, five had a randomized double blind parallel group design and two were open labeled studies. Placebo served in 12 and anticholinergics in three studies as comparator. Eight out of 12 placebo controlled studies show statistically significant effects in favor of PO. Average response rates in terms of "overall success" are 58% (range 39-79%) for PO and 29% (range 10-52%) for placebo. The three studies versus smooth muscle relaxants did not show differences between treatments hinting for equivalence of treatments. Adverse events reported were generally mild and transient, but very specific. PO caused the typical GI effects like heartburn and anal/perianal burning or discomfort sensations, whereas the anticholinergics caused dry mouth and blurred vision. Anticholinergics and 5HT3/4-ant/agonists do not offer superior improvement rates, placebo responses cover the range as in PO trials. Taking into account the currently available drug treatments for IBS PO (1-2 capsules t.i.d. over 24 weeks) may be the drug of first choice in IBS patients with non-serious constipation or diarrhea to alleviate general symptoms and to improve quality of life.     

肠道微生物代谢物在肠易激综合征中的研究进展

肠易激综合征(irritable bowel syndrome, IBS)是常见的胃肠道功能障碍疾病,以腹痛、腹胀、排便习惯改变等为典型临床症状。尽管IBS病因复杂且发病机制并未完全阐明,但越来越多的文献报道其发病与微生物-肠-脑轴调控失常密切相关。本文以肠道微生物衍生的代谢物神经递质、短链脂肪酸和胆汁酸代谢物为切入点,对其在内脏敏感、腹痛、腹泻和精神心理障碍等IBS症状发展中的作用进行系统综述,为以代谢物转化细菌为靶点治疗IBS提供理论支撑。     

Distinct neurophysiological profiles in irritable bowel syndrome

The objective of this study was to determine whether cortical evoked potentials (CEPs) can define neurophysiological patterns in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). In this prospective study of consecutive patients attending secondary and tertiary centers, patients with Rome II-defined IBS underwent rectal sensory and pain threshold (RST and RPT, respectively) testing with electrical stimulation on three separate visits. CEPs were collated for 75% pain thresholds, and anxiety [Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (SSTAI)] questionnaires were completed. Subjects were 33 IBS patients (27 female, mean age 40.1 yr) and 21 healthy controls (14 female, mean age 31.4 yr). At visit 3, RPT was significantly lower [mean (95% CI)] in IBS patients than in control subjects: 58.2 mA (48.0-68.5) vs. 79.5 mA (69.3-89.6) (P < 0.01). No significant differences were observed in CEP latencies and amplitudes between visits 1, 2, and 3 within each group, except P2 latency for controls (P = 0.04) and N2 latency (P = 0.04) and N2 amplitude (P = 0.02) for IBS patients. Group comparisons showed significant differences in 3-day mean RPT, CEP amplitudes, and CEP latencies between IBS patients and controls. RPT <50 mA and P1 latency >106 ms were identified four IBS subgroups: 24% were hypersensitive, 12% were hypervigilant, 15% were hyposensitive, and 49% exhibited normal P1 latency and pain threshold. CEPs are reliable and reproducible measures of early sensory processing. Identification of four IBS neurophysiological patterns highlights its heterogeneous nature. These findings mark the first step toward personalized medicine in IBS, whereby therapy may be directed at the underlying physiological process.     

V. Stress and irritable bowel syndrome

Different types of stress play important roles in the onset and modulation of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms. The physiological effects of psychological and physical stressors on gut function and brain-gut interactions are mediated by outputs of the emotional motor system in terms of autonomic, neuroendocrine, attentional, and pain modulatory responses. IBS patients show an enhanced responsiveness of this system manifesting in altered modulation of gastrointestinal motility and secretion and in alterations in the perception of visceral events. Functional brain imaging techniques are beginning to identify brain circuits involved in the perceptual alterations. Animal models have recently been proposed that mimic key features of the human syndrome.     

粪菌移植治疗难治性肠易激综合征的效果观察

观察粪菌移植(FMT)对难治性肠易激综合征的治疗效果, 为该病的治疗提供参考。

招募我院32例难治性肠易激综合征患者并分为治疗组(n=17)和对照组(n=15), 两组患者均给予马来酸曲美布汀片口服, 治疗组进一步通过鼻肠管行FMT。分别于治疗1个月和3个月时评估两组患者临床疗效及安全性, 并严格记录不良反应。

治疗组患者FMT治疗前、治疗1个月和治疗3个月时IBS-SSS评分和粪便分型逐渐降低(均P < 0.05), 而对照组患者这3个时间点IBS-SSS评分和粪便分型差异无统计学意义(均P > 0.05)。FMT治疗前两组患者IBS-SSS评分和粪便分型差异无统计学意义(均P > 0.05)。治疗1个月和治疗3个月时, 两组患者IBS-SSS评分差异均有统计学意义(均P < 0.05)。治疗组患者FMT治疗前、治疗1个月和治疗3个月时IBS-QOL和HAD评分逐渐降低(均P < 0.05), 而对照组患者这3个时间点的IBS-QOL和HAD评分差异无统计学意义(均P > 0.05)。FMT治疗前, 两组患者IBS-QOL和HAD评分差异无统计学意义(均P > 0.05)。治疗1个月时两组患者IBS-QOL评分差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05), 而HAD评分差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。治疗3个月时两组患者IBS-QOL和HAD评分差异均有统计学意义(均P < 0.05)。治疗组患者症状缓解率高于对照组(88.2% vs 53.3%)。治疗3个月后两组患者均未出现明显不良反应且未发现传染性疾病。

FMT对难治性肠易激综合征有一定的临床疗效, 且安全可靠。

     

低糖饮食对老年肠易激综合征影响的机制研究

目的 低糖饮食对老年肠易激综合征的影响机制研究.方法 从2020年11月至2021年4月,招募我院和省立医院收治的52名肠易激综合征患者,采用自愿入组方式,根据入组结果将其分为低糖饮食组(n=27)和对照组(n=25).给予对照组常规饮食联合枸橼酸莫沙必利分散片治疗,低糖饮食组在对照组治疗的基础上采用低糖饮食联合乳果糖...     

肠道菌群与肠易激综合征的研究进展

肠易激综合征(irritable bowel syndrome,IBS)是一种复杂多因素肠道功能性疾病,越来越多的研究显示肠道菌群变化与IBS高度相关,本研究着重IBS肠道菌群改变及其肠道菌群检测方法改进作一综述。