排风藤内生真菌PFT-2发酵产物抗氧化活性研究北大核心CSCD

采用DPPH·法及Fe3+还原力法对排风藤内生真菌PFT-2提取物的抗氧化活性进行研究,首先测定发酵液乙酸乙酯萃取物和菌丝体甲醇总提物的活性,然后测定菌丝体总提物各极性部位,即石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇,丙酮、甲醇和水层剩余物部位的活性,同时以VC作为阳性对照。结果表明:内生真菌PFT-2菌丝体甲醇总提取物各样品抗氧化活性较强,尤其是甲醇提取物部位、丙酮提取物部位和正丁醇部位;它们对DPPH·的清除作用与Vc相当,其中甲醇提取物部位IC50值为0.023 mg/m L,活性略高于VC,同时以上提取物对Fe3+也具有很强的还原能力。     

灰树花孔菌固体发酵基质抗氧化活性成分研究

选用燕麦、大豆、玉米、麸皮、大米、荞麦6种培养基质对灰树花孔菌进行固体发酵及抗氧化活性研究。结果表明：灰树花孔菌最佳抗氧化发酵基质为燕麦大豆培养基（燕麦16.25%,大豆83.75%）,最佳发酵时间为8d。灰树花孔菌燕麦大豆发酵基质抗氧化活性成分种类丰富,含量高。其中总黄酮物质40.86μg/g,总三萜5.94mg/g,多酚8.51mg/g,还原糖13.10mg/g,花色苷70.23μg/g,维生素C 24.57mg/g,维生素E 0.33mg/g,谷光甘肽（GSH）0.84g/g,SOD酶活性299.74U/g。     

甘蔗茎叶的化学成分及抗氧化活性研究

为研究甘蔗(Saccharum officinarum)茎叶的化学成分及抗氧化活性,该文对甘蔗茎叶以甲醇提取,提取物采用柱色谱(SiO₂、Sephadex LH-20、Rp-18)进行分离纯化,根据质谱和核磁共振技术鉴定所得化合物的结构,并通过DPPH法测定化合物的清除自由基能力。结果表明:(1)从甘蔗茎叶部位共分离鉴定22个化合物,分别为对羟基苯甲醛(1)、对甲氧基桂皮酸(2)、4-甲氧基苯甲醛(3)、香草醛(4)、4-羟基肉桂酸甲酯(5)、对羟基苯甲酸(6)、(2-羟基苯基)(苯基)甲酮(7)、对甲基苯甲酸(8)、咖啡酸甲酯(9)、乌头酸A(10)、乌头酸E(11)、5-O-二甲氧基肉桂酰基奎尼酸(12)、槲皮素(13)、槲皮素-3-O-α-L-阿拉伯糖苷(14)、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷(15)、硫代二丙酸双十八烷基酯(16)、α-conidendrin(17)、rel-(2α,3β)-7-O-methylcedrusin(18)、3-O-阿魏酰奎宁酸甲酯(19)、木犀草素(20)、(5S,6S)-5,6-dihydro-3,8,10-trihydroxy-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-6-hydroxymethyl-2, 4-dimethoxy-7H-benzo [c]xanthen-7-one)(21)和5-O-阿魏酰奎宁酸甲酯(22),其中化合物2-3、7-11、14-19、21-22为首次从该植物中分离得到。(2)通过DPPH法对含量大的15个化合物(1-9、11-16)进行自由基清除能力的筛选,其中化合物12(5-O-二甲氧基肉桂酰基奎尼酸)显示了较好的抗氧化活性(IC₅₀值为 49.58 μg·mL^-1)。该研究结果丰富了甘蔗抗氧化活性物质基础,为其进一步开发利用提供了科学依据。     

具杀螺活性的商陆根际真菌Aspergillus fumigatus SL-30发酵条件优化

以杀螺率为响应值,对商陆根际真菌菌株SL-30的发酵条件进行优化.在前期单因素试验的基础上,采用Plackett-Burman设计法,对影响菌株发酵滤液杀螺活性的主要因素进行筛选,确定了三个主要因素依次为可溶性淀粉,蛋白胨和初始pH.采用响应面分析法确定了以上三个显著因子的最佳水平分别及交互影响,结果显示,三个显著因素的最佳水平为可溶性淀粉16.40 g/L,蛋白胨3.76 g/L,初始pH3,该条件下发酵滤液的杀螺活性预测值达98.949％.经六批次的发酵验证,预测值与试验平均值接近.     

细小炭角菌深层发酵产物的抗氧化活性研究

The antioxidant potency of components from Xylaria gracillima in submerged culture was investigated, employing various established in vitro systems, such as superoxide (O2?-) and hydroxyl (?OH) radical scavenging, reducing power, and ferrous ion chelating ability. Tocopherol (Ve), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) were used as positive controls. According to the results, components from X. gracillima in submerged culture showed significant effect on ferrous ion chelating ability, O2?- and ?OH radical scavenging ability at the range of concentration tested, and their highest antioxidant activities reached 89.72%, 70.90% and 77.46% respectively. The components also showed positive results of reducing power. These in vitro results suggested the possibility that components from X. gracillima in submerged culture could be effectively employed as an ingredient in healthy or functional food.     

瓦尼桑黄固体发酵产物的化学成分及其生物活性研究

对瓦尼桑黄(Sanghuangporus vaninii)固体发酵产物的化学成分及生物活性进行研究。采用超声提取、柱层析以及半制备高效液相色谱等方法分离纯化,通过波谱数据鉴定了化合物的结构,并对所得单体化合物进行体外抗氧化活性、α-葡萄糖苷酶和黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制活性筛选。从瓦尼桑黄固体发酵产物中分离得到17个化合物,分别为(2Z,4E)-γ-ionylideneacetic acid(1)、phellinulin E(2)、phellinulin F(3)、phellinulin G(4)、phellinulin J(5)、phellinulin L(6)、phellinulin M(7)、phellinulin N(8)、elgonenes D(9)、咖啡酸(10)、hispidin(11)、3-hydroxyhispidin(12)、原儿茶酸(13)、4-(3-ethoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)but-3-en-2-one(14)、丁子香酚(15)、亚油酸甲酯(16)、硬脂酸(17),其中化合物1～9为首次从瓦尼桑黄中分离得到。活性测试结果显示化合物10～13表现出良好的...     

大型真菌抗氧化活性小分子次生代谢产物的研究进展

大型真菌是菌物中形成大型子实体的一类真菌,该类群中食药用资源极为丰富,许多种类具有显著的抗氧化活性。本文综述了国内外有关大型真菌具抗氧化活性的小分子次生代谢产物的化学结构及其活性的研究概况,以期对大型真菌的活性筛选、化学分析和开发利用提供借鉴。     

一株红茄苳内生烟曲霉菌的分离鉴定及其发酵产物抗氧化活性

【目的】红树林内生真菌生长于特殊的生境,有些菌株能分泌出结构新颖和具有生物活性的物质。从红树林植物红茄苳(Rhizophora mucronata)中分离获得一株内生真菌HQD24,对其进行生物学鉴定和抗氧化活性评价。【方法】综合运用形态结构及ITS r DNA序列分析,HQD24被鉴定为曲霉属(Aspergillus)的烟曲霉(Aspergillus fumigatus)。采用抗氧化多活性模型,2-2′二苯基-1-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基测定法、2′-联氨-双-3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸(ABTS)自由基测定法、超氧自由基测定法、还原Fe~(3+)能力、螯合Fe~(2+)能力对HQD24麦麸发酵提取物的石油醚萃取物、二氯甲烷萃取物、乙酸乙酯萃取物和正丁醇萃取物进行抗氧化活性评价。【结果】经抗氧化活性实验发现不同有机溶剂萃取成分都具有清除DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基、超氧自由基和还原Fe~(3+)、螯合Fe~(2+)的能力,尤其是清除ABTS自由基和超氧自由基,抗氧化活性的能力都随着浓度的增高而增强。当不同有机溶剂萃取粗提物浓度为1.5 g/L时,二氯甲烷萃取物清除ABTS自由基率为71.92%,正丁醇萃取物清除超氧自由基率为62.36%,综合评价,HQD24的发酵产物中具有抗氧化活性的物质主要分布于二氯甲烷萃取粗提物和正丁醇萃取粗提物,其次分布于乙酸乙酯萃取粗提物,石油醚萃取粗提物中抗氧化活性物质含量最少。【结论】研究结果预示红树林内生烟曲霉菌是产生抗氧化活性物质的重要资源,HQD24菌株可以作为进一步实验研究的对象。     

雪松松针挥发油化学成分及抗氧化活性研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取雪松松针挥发油,利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术分析其化学成分。使用维生素C为阳性对照,以DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基和羟基自由基清除作用为指标评价挥发油的抗氧化活性。从雪松松针挥发油中鉴定了37种化学成分,占挥发油总量的95.10%,以烃类和醇类为主;挥发油对DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基和羟基自由基有明显的清除作用,其IC₅₀分别为0.30、0.22及0.96 μg·mL^-1,且呈现一定的量效关系。可见,雪松松针挥发油中含有多种有应用价值的化学成分,具有显著的抗氧化活性。     

烟曲霉再鉴定、标准化CSP分型及体外药物敏感性

目的 了解烟曲霉复合体临床株菌种分布,经典烟曲霉临床株CSP基因型及对常见抗真菌药物敏感性状况.方法 菌株来源:北京大学真菌和真菌病研究中心保存分离自125名患者的162株烟曲霉复合体菌株.通过形态学,最高生长温度及分子生物学测序分步鉴定;对CSP基因进行扩增、测序,采用国际化命名体系进行CSP分型;采用微量液基稀释法测定经典烟曲霉对伊曲康唑(ITC)、两性霉素B(AMB)、伏立康唑(VRC)及卡泊芬净(CAS)的敏感性.结果 所有烟曲霉复合体菌株均为经典烟曲霉;共分为16个CSP基因型,最常见为t04A、t03和t01;分离自4名患者的13株菌对ITC的MICs≥4 μg/mL,其中2株菌AMB和VRC的MICa分别为4μg/mL和16 μg/mL.CAS的MECs最高为4μg/mL,仅1株.结论 未检出烟曲霉相关新种;经典烟曲霉临床株共16个CSP基因型,分布与国际研究结果基本一致,其中5个为新型.我国经典烟曲霉临床株ITC耐药率为3.2％,个别菌株AMB,VRC和CAS耐药.     

Influence of essential oil of Hyssopus officinalis on the chemical composition of the walls of Aspergillus fumigatus (Fresenius)

The cell walls of the growing hyphae of Aspergillus fumigatus (Fresenius) cultured in the presence or absence of the essential oil of Hyssopus officinalis were isolated and their chemical composition analysed. The presence of the essential oil led to a reduction in levels of neutral sugars, uronic acid and proteins, whereas amino sugars, lipids and phosphorus levels were increased. HPLC analysis of the neutral sugars showed that they consisted mainly of glucose, mannose and galactose, while the amino sugars consisted of glucosamine and galactosamine. The presence of the essential oil in the culture medium induced marked changes in the content of galactose and galactosamine. Cell walls were fractionated by treatment with alkali and acid. The essential oil induced similar alterations in the various fractions with a more marked effect on the major constituents. The alterations were related to changes in the structure of the cells. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

多元混菌发酵对纤维素酶活性的影响

研究了两种曲霉(UF2和UA8)二元混菌体系和两种曲霉与1种酵母菌组成的三元混菌体系混合发酵对纤维素酶系三种酶组分活性的影响。结果表明：两种霉菌按一定比例接种进行混合发酵时三种纤维素酶组分的活性较单菌发酵大幅度提高,滤纸酶(FPA)、微晶纤维素酶(AVI)和羧甲基纤维素酶(CMC)活性分别较UA8单菌发酵提高2.2％～51.1％、20．7％～332．6％和29．4％～299．6％;向由两种霉菌组成的二元混菌发酵体系中接入酵母菌可显著降低3种纤维素酶组分的活性;三菌混合发酵能使纤维素酶3组分的产酶高峰出现时间较双菌混合发酵滞后约24h,但三菌与双菌混合发酵3种纤维素酶组分的酶活峰值无明显差异;双菌混合发酵有利于缩短纤维素酶生产发酵周期。     

The Pathogenesis of Aspergillus fumigatus,Host Defense Mechanisms,and the Development of AFMP4 Antigen as a Vaccine

Aspergillus fumigatus is one of the ubiquitous fungi with airborne conidia, which accounts for most aspergillosis cases. In immunocompetent hosts, the inhaled conidia are rapidly eliminated. However, immunocompromised or immunodeficient hosts are particularly vulnerable to most Aspergillus infections and invasive aspergillosis (IA), with mortality from 50% to 95%. Despite the improvement of antifungal drugs over the last few decades, the therapeutic effect for IA patients is still limited and does not provide significant survival benefits. The drawbacks of antifungal drugs such as side effects, antifungal drug resistance, and the high cost of antifungal drugs highlight the importance of finding novel therapeutic and preventive approaches to fight against IA. In this article, we systemically addressed the pathogenic mechanisms, defense mechanisms against A. fumigatus, the immune response, molecular aspects of host evasion, and vaccines’ current development against aspergillosis, particularly those based on AFMP4 protein, which might be a promising antigen for the development of anti-A. fumigatus vaccines.     

Biosorption of sterols from tobacco waste extract using living and dead of newly isolated fungus Aspergillus fumigatus strain LSD-1

ABSTRACT

Sterols are verified to be able to produce polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons during its pyrolysis. In this study, a kind of Aspergillus fumigatus (LSD-1) was isolated from cigar leaves, and the biosorption effects on the stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, campesterol, cholesterol, and ergosterol by using living and dead biomass of LSD-1 were investigated. The results showed that both living and dead biomass could efficiently remove these sterols in aqueous solution and tobacco waste extract (TWE). Interestingly, compared with the living biomass of LSD-1, the dead biomass of LSD-1 not only kept a high adsorption efficiency but also did not produce ergosterol. Overall, dead biomass of LSD-1 was a more suitable biosorbent to sterols in TWE. Furthermore, Brunner-Emmet-Teller (BET), Fourier transformed infrared spectrometer (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis were used to explore the biosorption process of living and dead biomass and their differences, suggesting that the biosorption of sterols was a physical process.     

烟曲霉TMS-26产紫杉醇补料分批发酵条件初步探索

内生真菌发酵法是解决紫杉醇药源短缺问题的有效途径之一。本研究以摇瓶分批发酵为基础,进行摇瓶补料分批发酵研究,探究了苯丙氨酸、甘氨酸、苯甲酸钠乙酸钠混合液、3,5-二硝基水杨酸、H₂O₂、CuSO₄在发酵周期（13d）中,不同添加时间点对TMS-26菌体量及紫杉醇产量的影响,发现在第8天添加苯丙氨酸、甘氨酸、3,5-二硝基水杨酸时,其产量分别达到了(664.80±40.34)µg/L、(628.72±30.44)µg/L、(641.36±19.62)µg/L;在第9天添加CuSO₄时,其产量达到了(697.46±15.76)µg/L;在第10天添加H₂O₂、苯甲酸钠乙酸钠混合液,其产量分别达到了(615.78±36.28)µg/L、(792.54±10.04)µg/L。在摇瓶补料分批发酵研究结果的基础上,进行了5L罐发酵工艺放大研究,探究了前体和诱导子通过进行一次补加和恒速补加的方式对Aspergillus fumigatus TMS-26菌体量及紫杉醇产量的影响,结果表明恒速补加苯丙氨酸乙酸钠混合液,紫杉醇产量达到了746.17µg/L。通过本次研究,优化了TMS-26产紫杉醇摇瓶补料分批发酵和5L罐发酵工艺,为后续实现紫杉醇工业化生产奠定基础。     

烟曲霉细胞壁的组分、组装及其功能概述

环境中普遍存在的腐生丝状真菌烟曲霉Aspergillus fumigatus在免疫功能低下或缺陷的人群中可引起多种急慢性疾病,包括致死率很高的侵袭性曲霉病。细胞壁作为真菌的细胞外骨架结构不仅起维持细胞形状、保护细胞抵抗外界压力等作用,在病原真菌极性生长、入侵新的生态域、启动宿主免疫反应中也起重要作用。细胞壁组分还是真菌感染的分子诊断基础和开发抗真菌药物的理想靶标。近几十年来烟曲霉细胞壁的遗传、生物化学及免疫学方向的研究使其成为研究真菌细胞壁的模式真菌。本文主要概述烟曲霉细胞壁的组分、分子组装机制及其在真菌生存和感染中的作用,并对未来研究方向提出了展望。