基于业务连续性的医院信息系统的构建

目的 打造可靠的医院信息系统,保障医院业务连续性。方法 在中山大学附属第三医院,建立异地容灾系统,创建服务器集群,采用双冗余技术以及完善规章制度,防范存储故障、服务器网络设备故障、人为错误以及自然灾害等风险。结果 通过信息系统建设,提高了医院信息系统的可靠性,进而保障了医院业务连续性。结论 使用信息技术和完善管理,防范信息系统安全风险,是医院业务连续性运行的重要保证。

     

护理人员职业能力倾向测评体系的研究

目的 构建一套系统、科学的护理人员职业能力倾向测评体系,为进一步编制相应的测评工具奠定基础。方法 采用Delphi法对30名专家进行了两轮函询,对指标进行筛选与修正。结果 两轮问卷有效回收率均为100%,表明专家对本研究的积极性较高;专家对评价指标的权威系数在0.8以上,结果具有较高的权威性。构建了包括二级结构的指标体系,其中一级指标3项,二级指标10项。结论 初步构建了护理人员职业能力倾向测评体系。

     

老年性白内障患者住院费用及相关因素的现况调查

目的 探讨老年性白内障住院患者住院费用的年龄、性别和不同医院的分布特点,为提供科学收费标准提供参考依据。方法 采用整群抽样的方法对2009年不同医院9 464例老年性白内障患者的住院费用及相关因素进行横断面调查并进行初步分析。结果 将老年白内障患者按<60岁、60~80岁、>80岁分为3组,床位费、西药费、检验费、放射费、特检费、治疗费、手术费和护理费均随年龄增加而增加且存在统计学差异。以上费用,男性患者均高于女性且存在统计学差异。海军医院患者最高（P<0.05）,其他由高至低依次为全军陆军医院、全军空军医院和全军二炮医院患者。结论 卫生决策部门应针对其不同特点制定适宜收费标准,有必要跟进研究不同病种费用区别的制度或管理层面的原因。

     

某大型医院专利管理状况调查与分析

目的 为进一步了解医院专利管理现状,发现专利管理存在的问题,并探讨对策。 方法 对医院200名科技人员进行专利基本知识和专利管理情况随机问卷调查和统计分析。结果 发现科技人员对专利基本知识掌握比例不高,重点是可申请专利内容、职务发明创造的界定以及发明人权利;科技人员专利转化的积极性和能力不足,经费、转化渠道、时间是影响专利维持、转让的重要因素。 结论 提示医院应进一步加强专利知识的普及,专利申请的监管、有效专利的动态评估和专利成果的转化实施。

     

关于卫生高级专业技术人员评价核心指标的调查

????? 目的 调查医务人员对卫生高级专业技术人员评价的看法,归纳考核要素,为医院卫生系列高级专业技术职务聘任工作提供重要的参考依据。方法 通过文献检索法,对目前国内外卫生高级专业技术人员评价的现状和经验进行了分析和总结,初步确定核心考核指标,对医院中级及以上的卫生专业技术人员进行分层随机抽样调查,从中筛选出敏感性好、代表性强的关键指标,使用SPSS17.0统计软件对数据进行了处理、计算与分析。结果 主观、客观评价比较合理的权重各为50%。主观评价以科室考核、同行评议、医院考核形式进行,权重分别为40%、31%和29%;客观指标的权重均值为医疗58%、教学21%、科研21%。结论 卫生系列高级专业技术人员的考核评价应体现全面、综合、突出重点。

     

公立医院非在编人员工作满意度调查与分析

?????? 目的　通过分析公立医院非在编人员工作满意度影响因素,提出改进建议,以更好地为患者提供优质服务。　方法　满意度问卷调查表采用李克特量表,使用STATA10.0软件进行统计数据分析。　结果　非在编人员工作总体满意度平均得分为（3.66+0.78）分,评价一般。影响满意度的因素有：个人职业期望、科室管理、工作氛围、奖金待遇、学习培训等。　结论　医院应关注非在编员工满意度管理工作,关注不同群体的差异和不同影响因素,有效提高满意度,增强医院的可持续发展力。     

按平均定额付费对糖尿病足诊疗行为的干预研究

目的 了解广州市社会医疗保险“按平均定额付费”方式对医生在为糖尿病足患者诊疗时诊疗行为的干预效果。方法 将广州市医疗机构按医保定额水平分为A、B两类,问卷调查A、B两类医疗机构共104名参与糖尿病足诊治的执业医师,研究不同医保定额水平下医疗机构医生行为的差异。结果 A、B两类医院医生在为糖尿病足医保患者诊疗时不容易发生诱导需求行为;A类医院仅有14.6%的医生愿意收治医保糖尿病足患者;“按平均定额付费”对糖尿病足患者诊疗效果限制程度A类医院较强。结论 “按平均定额付费”能够有效地约束医生诱导需求行为,降低医疗费用,但对糖尿病足疾病的治疗存在不足。     

吉林省荣军医院医护人员配置现状调查

目的 研究吉林省荣军医院医护人员资源配置现状。方法 采用自行设计的荣军医院医护人员配置情况调查问卷,对吉林省荣军医院开展调查研究。结果 被调查荣军医院医护比例为1：0.26,床护比例为1：0.03,荣复军人床护比为1：0.05;医生年龄主要集中在36～44岁之间,而护士年龄主要集中在45岁以上;护士学历结构集中在中专及以下层次。结论 被调查医院医护人员配置不足、学历层次偏低,难以满足荣复军人的需求,应进一步加强荣军医院的人员配置,提高人员综合素质。     

医院战略性绩效评价指标体系研究

目的 基于医院战略,构建同医院战略相匹配的绩效评价指标体系。方法 运用Delphi法对绩效指标体系进行全面的筛选与整理,利用层次分析法来确定绩效指标体系的各级指标的权重。结果 设计出最能反映医院绩效的12个方面共50个指标,构建了以战略为导向的医院绩效评价指标体系。结论 基于医院战略的绩效评价,有利于提升医院核心竞争力,促进医院战略的实现。     

2011—2015年北京儿童医院集团门诊量变化趋势分析

目的 分析北京儿童医院集团9家医院2011—2015年门诊量变化趋势,评价儿童医院集团的成立对儿科优势资源下沉产生的初步效果。方法 由北京儿童医院集团秘书处统一收集9家医院2011—2015年共60个月的门诊量数据,采用中断时间序列分析集团成立前、后门诊量的变化趋势。结果 北京、安徽、河北3家儿童医院在集团成立后增长速度有所降低（β₁´β₂分别为-2 048.00、-504.49、-840.20,P分别为0.016、0.021、0.003）。聊城、南京、郑州3家儿童医院的增长速度略有增加（β₁´β₂分别为164.74、228.67、717.17）,但无统计学意义。结论 北京儿童医院集团成立后,初步实现儿科优势资源下沉,但西部地区仍有待于进一步加强。     

The effect of costly information in diet choice

Summary We distinguish three cases which consider the effect of information on animal behaviour: static information, obligate information and facultative information. Static information deals with the case in which the animal does not acquire additional information; it starts with enough information to discriminate options. Obligate information deals with the case in which the animal acquires information at no additional cost. Facultative information is when the animal may choose to pay a cost in order to acquire information. We illustrate the differences among these three situations by analysing the optimal diet problem subject to the different information regimes. Compared to the case with static information, obligate recognition time narrows the range of prey densities over which an optimal forager feeds selectively, and facultative recognition time reduces it further still. The three models yield qualitatively different predictions regarding how the optimal diet varies with relative abundances of alternative resources. In the space of resource densities, the line separating the optimal behaviours of selectivity and opportunism is straight for both the perfect and obligate information cases. In the case of facultative recognition time this line or isoleg is part of a quadratic curve. This non-linearity yields two completely new predictions: a less profitable resource may be lost from the diet after becoming more abundant and the poor resource may be included in the diet as a result of the rich resource becoming more common.     

When to use social information: the advantage of large group size in individual decision making

Correct decision making is crucial for animals to maximize foraging success and minimize predation risk. Group-living animals can make such decisions by using their own personal information or by pooling information with other group members (i.e. social information). Here, we investigate how individuals might best balance their use of personal and social information. We use a simple modelling approach in which individual decisions based upon social information are more likely to be correct when more individuals are involved and their personal information is more accurate. Our model predicts that when the personal information of group members is poor (accurate less than half the time), individuals should avoid pooling information. In contrast, when personal information is reliable (accurate at least half the time), individuals should use personal information less often and social information more often, and this effect should grow stronger in larger groups. One implication of this pattern is that social information allows less well-informed members of large groups to reach a correct decision with the same probability as more well-informed members of small groups. Thus, animals in larger groups may be able to minimize the costs of collecting personal information without impairing their ability to make correct decisions.     

昆虫学多媒体信息获取与处理方法的初步研究

该文介绍了多媒体信息包括文字信息、音频信息、视频信息和图象信息的获取及其数字化制作技术。较详细地介绍了制作这些媒体资料所需的软硬件环境及具体的操作步骤。这里包括了文字的录入和处理;声音的录制和处理;数字视频的制作,包括昆虫摄像技术、各种来源的视频信息捕获、视频信息的处理等;数字图象的制作,包括昆虫的摄影技术、图象扫描、图象处理等。     

纠错编码理论在生物信息处理领域的应用

根据生物系统中存在信息传递并且需要高度稳定性的特性,现代通信工程中的纠错编码理论被应用于生物遗传序列的研究和测试系统的设计。该文介绍其分析基础和现有应用并对未来研究展望。     

Exploring the costs and benefits of social information use: an appraisal of current experimental evidence

Research on social learning has focused traditionally on whether animals possess the cognitive ability to learn novel motor patterns from tutors. More recently, social learning has included the use of others as sources of inadvertent social information. This type of social learning seems more taxonomically widespread and its use can more readily be approached as an economic decision. Social sampling information, however, can be tricky to use and calls for a more lucid appraisal of its costs. In this four-part review, we address these costs. Firstly, we address the possibility that only a fraction of group members are actually providing social information at any one time. Secondly, we review experimental research which shows that animals are circumspect about social information use. Thirdly, we consider the cases where social information can lead to incorrect decisions and finally, we review studies investigating the effect of social information quality. We address the possibility that using social information or not is not a binary decision and present results of a study showing that nutmeg mannikins combine both sources of information, a condition that can lead to the establishment of informational cascades. We discuss the importance of empirically investigating the economics of social information use.     

新医改背景下的卫生信息化建设探讨

2009年出台的新医改方案中又将建立实用共享的的医药卫生信息系统作为八大支柱之一。在这样的背景下,新一轮的医药卫生体制改革将给卫生信息化带来怎样的机遇,卫生信息化的发展又将在哪些方面促进新医改目标的实现。探讨新医改背景下我国医药卫生信息化建设状况,描述新医改和卫生信息化建设的相互关系,在此基础上分析我国卫生信息化建设面临的困难以及在新医改背景下的发展前景。     

Identification of highly related references about gene-disease association

Background

Curation of gene-disease associations published in literature should be based on careful and frequent survey of the references that are highly related to specific gene-disease associations. Retrieval of the references is thus essential for timely and complete curation.

Results

We present a technique CRFref (Conclusive, Rich, and Focused References) that, given a gene-disease pair < g, d>, ranks high those biomedical references that are likely to provide conclusive, rich, and focused results about g and d. Such references are expected to be highly related to the association between g and d. CRFref ranks candidate references based on their scores. To estimate the score of a reference r, CRFref estimates and integrates three measures: degree of conclusiveness, degree of richness, and degree of focus of r with respect to < g, d>. To evaluate CRFref, experiments are conducted on over one hundred thousand references for over one thousand gene-disease pairs. Experimental results show that CRFref performs significantly better than several typical types of baselines in ranking high those references that expert curators select to develop the summaries for specific gene-disease associations.

Conclusion

CRFref is a good technique to rank high those references that are highly related to specific gene-disease associations. It can be incorporated into existing search engines to prioritize biomedical references for curators and researchers, as well as those text mining systems that aim at the study of gene-disease associations.     

Quantifying division of labor: borrowing tools from sociology,sociobiology, information theory,landscape ecology,and biogeography

How do we quantify division of labor? We review several fields (sociology, landscape ecology, statistics, information theory, and biogeography) that have been cognizant of these questions and been somewhat successful at answering them. We review fourteen indices for quantifying division of labor, sensu lato, which can be categorized into four families: Shannon’s index/entropy, Simpson’s index, geometric mean, and standard/absolute deviation (including coefficients of variation). We argue that those indices using matrix inputs will simultaneously quantify the interplay between all individuals and all tasks and will thus best capture the essence of division of labor. Received 29 March 2006; revised 16 November 2006; accepted 12 February 2007.     

The type and timing of social information alters offspring production

The acquisition and use of information are essential for decision-making in an uncertain world. The use of social information, or information from the behaviour of others, may be a common and efficient mechanism to improve estimates of resource quality by animals. According to theory, social information cues with higher information content should have a greater influence on decision-making, and current information should be weighed more than prior information. However, experimental tests of these hypotheses remain scarce. We exposed female cactus bugs (Chelinidea vittiger) to different types of social information (the presence of conspecific eggs or nymphs) presented at different times (current or prior to egg laying) to determine the influence of social information on offspring production. We found that social information substantially altered the number of eggs produced. The presence of conspecific eggs, regardless of timing, consistently increased egg production, whereas nymphs only increased egg production when present during egg laying. We conclude that the type and timing of social information may have an important, yet unappreciated, influence on reproductive allocation.