共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
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类器官构建及培养技术是近年来新兴的前沿性科学技术,该技术已经被广泛用到组织器官发育、疾病发病机制、药物开发和再生医学等领域的研究之中。干细胞及组织器官发育分化调控的研究成果为类器官构建及培养技术的建立提供了重要的信息。体外借助细胞外基质成分及细胞因子等构建出适宜于干细胞增殖、分化的三维微环境是类器官构建及培养技术的核心。在适宜的微环境中,干细胞及其分化的多种类型细胞可通过自组织形成与体内相应组织结构和功能相似的类器官。当前,多种类型的类器官构建及培养技术虽然得到广泛应用,但其技术体系仍具有操作的复杂性、产量的不确定性及获得的类器官结构和功能与体内组织存在较大差异性等难题。生物制造领域先进技术的引入推动了类器官技术的发展。本文将综述基质成分与细胞因子构建的三维微环境的研究进展,并讨论生物制造领域的先进技术在类器官构建与培养技术中的应用,例如微孔限定的培养技术可以控制类器官的生长发育,能用于制备大小均一及生物学特性相似的类器官;图案化技术使细胞按图案特征响应性地增殖与分化,可以精准控制类器官的生成;三维生物打印技术可以精确组装各类细胞,有助于构建具有复杂结构和区域特异性的类器官。类器官构建... 相似文献
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器官移植包括器官移植(1个器官)、联合器官移植(2个器官)和多器官联合移植(3个器官及以上)。腹部多器官联合移植(AMOT)牵涉的器官多而复杂,手术创面大,失血多,风险高,术后易出现并发症、排异和感染等风险。随着近年来外科手术学、移植免疫学、新的免疫抑制剂和器官保存技术的进展,我国的器官移植水平已得到迅速的发展。现对我院收治1例行多器官联合移植的重症患者术后的观察和护理报告如下。 相似文献
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粪便微生物群移植,即粪菌移植(fecal microbiota transplantation,FMT)是通过各种方式将健康捐赠者的粪便菌群移植入患者的消化道内,改善其肠道微生态,以达到治疗疾病的目的。中华预防医学会微生态学分会儿科微生态学组于2016年组织制定了《儿童粪菌移植技术规范的共识》。本文就该共识涉及的儿童粪菌移植适应证、必备条件、方法学(包括捐赠者筛查、排除及剔除的标准、粪菌液制备、粪菌移植途径和剂量的选择、粪菌移植后的观察及处理以及粪菌移植后的随访)等方面的关键问题进行解读。 相似文献
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《中国细胞生物学学报》2021,(6)
在人类生物学和疾病的研究过程中,动物模型扮演了重要的角色。但随着研究的深入,其局限性也逐渐凸显。新兴的人类类器官(organoid)技术较好地弥补了动物模型的不足。类器官主要是指由干细胞衍生出的3D多细胞微器官。它能在体外模拟组织器官自发的谱系分化与稳态维持,并具备类似于体内组织器官的生理功能。目前,类器官培养技术在很多器官(比如胃肠道、食管、肝、胆、脑和膀胱等)中都取得了较好的进展。胰腺是人体内唯一的一个既是外分泌腺又是内分泌腺的特殊脏器。因此,胰腺类器官技术的发展面临更大的挑战。目前,胰腺导管类器官和胰岛类器官技术日渐优化,但如何构建复合型胰腺类器官仍是当前研究的难点。该综述将主要回顾胰腺的发育过程、体外定向分化技术以及胰腺类器官模型构建与应用等最新研究成果,同时简要探讨胰腺类器官模型具有潜力的发展方向。 相似文献
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脊髓薄片器官型培养的方法研究(简报) 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
脊髓的器官培养技术是借助体外培养技术,将脊髓或其一部分分离出来进行培养、研究的技术。因其保留有脊髓神经元及其周围的组织结构,与体内的生理环境相似,是探讨脊髓形态发生、构筑特点、生理功能及病理改变等问题的一条重要途径,在近年来得到飞速发展,成为国际神经科领域的一大研究热点。本文旨在利用脊髓薄片器官型培养技 相似文献
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In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980. 相似文献
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N. P. Vesselkin Yu. V. Natochin 《Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology》2010,46(6):592-603
Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms.
The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal
mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization
followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The
mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction
of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms
are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning
of physiological systems and organs of the living organism 相似文献
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