成团泛菌低分子脂多糖的急性毒性、刺激性、致敏性及遗传毒性评估

本研究对成团泛菌低分子脂多糖(Pantoea agglomerans lipopolysaccharide,LPSp)的安全性进行初步评估.本研究采用一次限量法,用昆明种小鼠进行LPSp急性经口毒性试验,了解LPSp的急性毒性;采用新西兰兔分别进行LPSp急性和多次皮肤刺激性试验以及急性眼刺激性试验,了解LPSp的皮肤和粘膜刺激性;采用豚鼠进行LPSp皮肤变态反应试验,了解LPSp的致敏性;应用平板掺入法进行鼠伤寒沙门氏菌/回复突变试验和小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验考察LPSp的遗传危害.急性毒性试验结果显示,LPSp对小鼠经口一次灌胃的LD50大于5 000 mg/kg体重,属实际无毒级别;LPSp急性和多次皮肤刺激性试验以及急性眼刺激性试验结果显示,皮肤刺激和眼刺激积分均为0分,LPSp对皮肤无刺激性、对眼睛无急性刺激性;在皮肤变态反应试验中,LPSp在各观察时间点的皮肤变态反应积分均为0分,其致敏率均为0%,说明LPSp对豚鼠无致敏性; LPSp的鼠伤寒沙门氏菌/回复突变试验结果呈阴性(P>0.05);LPSp的小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验结果亦呈阴性,LPSp 各剂量组的微核发生率与阴性对照组未见统计学差异(P>0.05),而与阳性对照组有明显差异(P<0.01).本研究结果表明,在本实验剂量范围内,LPSp对小鼠经口毒性极低,属实际无毒级别,对家兔皮肤和眼睛无明显刺激性,对豚鼠无致敏性,对所试菌株和小鼠体细胞无诱变性和致突变性.     

噻吩磺隆的毒性及致突变性

选用大鼠、豚鼠及家兔,采用经口及皮肤,粘膜染毒途径,研究其急性毒性。同时有Ames试验,小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验及小鼠睾丸初级精母细胞染色体畸变试验进行致突变性研究,了解噻吩磺隆的毒性及致突变性。大鼠急性经口LD50大于5000mg／kg,经皮LD50大于2000mg／kg。家兔皮肤刺激试验阴性,轻度眼刺激性和弱致敏性。Ames试验,微核试验及小鼠睾丸初级精母细胞染色体畸变试验结果均为阴性。结论 噻吩磺隆属低毒性农药,在本实验条件下无致突变作用。     

紫茎泽兰醇提物的毒理学研究

为确保以紫茎泽兰提取物为主要原药的植物源农药的安全性,对紫茎泽兰醇提物进行了小鼠经口急性毒性试验、大白兔急性皮肤和眼刺激试验、小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核计数及小鼠精子畸形试验等急性毒性和遗传毒性试验。结果表明,受试物对两种性别的小鼠经口急性毒性试验,LD50大于5000mg／kg,对大白兔皮肤无刺激性;小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验及小鼠精子畸形试验结果均为阴牲,受试物未见遗传毒性。     

虾青素的毒理学安全性评价研究

目的：对虾青素进行毒理学安全性评价,为其食用安全性提供科学依据。方法：通过急性经口毒性试验、Ames试验、骨髓细胞微核试验、精子畸形试验和大鼠30d喂养试验等毒理学评价试验,评估虾青素的食用安全性。结果：虾青素对雌、雄大鼠的急性经口最大耐受量（MTD）均大于19.0g/kg·BW。Ames试验、小鼠骨髓微核试验和精子畸形试验结果均未见该样品有致突变作用,大鼠30d喂养试验各项指标也均未见明显毒性反应。结论：虾青素急性毒性分级属无毒级,无遗传毒性,在该实验研究剂量和条件下,虾青素未见明显毒副作用。     

Mix-G200益生菌粉安全性毒理学评价

目的通过对Mix-G200益生菌粉的安全性毒理学进行研究,为以后的应用提供科学依据。方法采用雌雄小鼠急性毒性试验、小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验、小鼠精子畸形试验、Ames试验和大鼠30天喂养试验等对Mix-G200益生菌粉进行安全性试验研究。结果急性经口毒性试验表明,Mix-G200益生菌粉对雌雄小鼠的急性经口LD50均大于21500 mg/kg,以急性毒性半数致死量毒性分级,属无毒级物质。小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验、小鼠精子畸形试验、Ames试验结果均为阴性。30天喂养试验结果表明,大鼠生长情况良好,血液学检查、生化学检查、主要脏体以及组织学检查结果与对照组相比,差异均无统计学意义。结论 Mix-G200益生菌粉未见遗传毒性,使用Mix-G200益生菌粉是安全可靠的。     

鸡冠花食用色素安全性的研究

目的：应用卫生毒理学原理,对鸡冠花(Gelosia cristata L．)色素的食用安全性进行研究。方法：采用原子吸收分光光度法对色素中有害微量元素As、Pb、Hg和Cu进行检测;利用小鼠急性毒性试验、小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验、小鼠骨髓细胞染色体畸变试验和小鼠睾丸染色体畸变试验等进行毒理学研究。结果：鸡冠花色素粗品、鸡冠花红色素和橙黄色素中,有害微量元素含量均低于国家食品卫生标准。急性毒性试验表明,鸡冠花色素粗品属于无毒级物质;鸡冠花红色素和橙黄色素为实际无毒级物质。而且毒理学试验检测表明：均呈阴性,无致突变性。结论：鸡冠花色素具有较好的食用安全性,可以作为天然食用植物色素使用。     

益生菌粉（副干酪乳酪杆菌207-27）的毒理学安全性评价

目的 评估益生菌粉（副干酪乳酪杆菌207-27）的毒理学安全性,为其应用提供依据。方法 通过大鼠急性经口毒性试验、细菌回复突变试验、小鼠红细胞微核试验、小鼠精母细胞染色体畸变试验及大鼠28 d经口毒性试验研究益生菌粉（副干酪乳酪杆菌207-27）的安全性。结果 大鼠急性经口毒性试验结果显示,益生菌粉（副干酪乳酪杆菌207-27）对大鼠的经口急性毒性LD50均大于15.00 g/（kg·BW）,根据急性毒性分级标准属实际无毒。细菌回复突变试验、小鼠红细胞微核试验及小鼠精母细胞染色体畸变试验结果均显示阴性。大鼠28 d经口毒性试验结果表明,实验组大鼠体质量、摄食量、食物利用率、眼部状况、血液学指标、血液生化指标、脏器指数、大体及病理学检查结果与对照组相比差异均无统计学意义。结论 益生菌粉（副干酪乳酪杆菌207-27）具有良好的毒理学安全性。     

灵芝子实体醇提取物的毒理研究

本文主要研究灵芝子实体醇提物的毒理学并评价其安全性,利用小鼠急性毒性试验和遗传毒性试验(Ames试验、小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验、小鼠精子畸形试验)对灵芝醇提物的毒性进行考察。试验结果显示,小鼠对灵芝醇提取物的最大耐受量是15 000mg/(kg?bw);灵芝醇提取物在有或无S9的条件下,对鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的突变型菌株TA97、TA98、TA100及TA102均无潜在致突变性;灵芝醇提取物在小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验和小鼠精子畸形试验中均呈阴性反应,不同剂量的样品组与阴性对照组之间无显著性差异。该结果表明灵芝醇提取物基本无毒性,属实际无毒物质。本研究为灵芝醇提取物的产品开发和应用提供了科学研究。     

羊肚菌食品毒理学安全性评价

本文研究了羊肚菌子实体的食品毒理学安全性,结果表明羊肚菌小鼠经口服LD50＞10g/kg.BW,属无毒级;鼠伤寒沙门氏菌/哺乳动物微粒体酶试验、骨髓微核试验及小鼠精子畸变试验表明该样品无致突变作用、对雄性生殖细胞无遗传毒性;30天喂养试验结果表明对动物最大毒理学无作用剂量大于3.0g/kg·BW/d.可以作保健食品的原料.     

桑黄纤孔菌子实体粉的毒理研究

本文主要研究桑黄纤孔菌子实体粉的毒理学并评价其安全性。利用小鼠急性毒性试验和遗传毒性试验(Ames试验、小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验、小鼠精子畸形试验)对桑黄纤孔菌子实体粉的毒性进行考察。试验结果显示,小鼠对桑黄纤孔菌子实体粉最大耐受量大于12g/kg;桑黄纤孔菌子实体粉在有或无S9的条件下,对组氨酸营养缺陷型鼠伤寒沙门氏菌TA97a、TA98、TA100及TA102均无潜在致突变性;桑黄纤孔菌子实体粉在小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验和小鼠精子畸形试验中均呈阴性反应,不同剂量的样品组与阴性对照组之间无显著性差异。该结果表明桑黄纤孔菌子实体粉基本无毒性,属实际无毒物质。本研究为桑黄纤孔菌子实体粉的产品开发和应用提供了科学依据。     

In vivo micronucleus assays on 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and its derivatives.

The potential for 2,4-D and seven of its salts and esters to induce cytogenetic abnormalities in mammalian cells in vivo was investigated in the mouse bone marrow micronucleus test. All the test materials were administered to male and female mice by oral gavage and the frequencies of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MN-PCE) in the bone marrow were determined at intervals of 24, 48 and 72 h following dosing. There were no significant increases in the incidence of MN-PCE in the treated mice at any of the bone marrow sampling times. These results are consistent with the reported lack of in vitro genetic toxicity for these materials in various in vitro genotoxicity assays as well as the absence of carcinogenic potential for 2,4-D in both mice and rats.     

Micronucleus test with procarbazine hydrochloride administered by intraperitoneal injection and oral gavage

The difference in effect of route of administration of procarbazine hydrochloride (PCZ) in the mouse was investigated in the micronucleus test. PCZ was administered by intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) and oral administration (p.o.) to 2 strains of male mice (MS/Ae and CD-1). On the basis of a small-scale acute toxicity test and a pilot micronucleus test, bone marrow preparations were prepared 24 h after the administration by the i.p. and p.o. routes of 50-400 mg/kg and 200-1600 mg/kg, respectively. The maximum incidence of polychromatic erythrocytes with micronuclei (MNPCEs) was somewhat higher after p.o. treatment in MS/Ae mice and the same with both routes in CD-1 mice. Thus, the clastogenicity of PCZ in mouse bone marrow was revealed by both routes.     

令肤适洗液皮肤和阴道局部毒性研究

目的评价令肤适皮肤和阴道局部使用的安全性。方法采用皮肤急性毒性、皮肤刺激、皮肤过敏、阴道急性毒性和阴道刺激等试验方法。结果未见令肤适具有皮肤毒性、皮肤刺激作用和明显的阴道急性毒性反应;在阴道刺激试验中低剂量未引起阴道明显的刺激反应,高剂量可引起阴道粘膜炎细胞浸润、淤血、出血及溃疡等病理变化。结论令肤适皮肤使用较安全,阴道使用浓度不宜过高。     

嗜酸乳杆菌LA-G80的毒理学研究

目的对嗜酸乳杆菌的毒性进行研究。方法采用大、小鼠急性毒性试验、Ames试验、小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验、小鼠精子畸形试验和大鼠30 d喂养等对嗜酸乳杆菌进行安全性试验研究。结果急性经口毒性试验表明,大、小鼠灌胃给予嗜酸乳杆菌,最大耐受剂量雌雄两性别均大于20.0 g/kg体重,Ames试验、微核试验和精子畸形试验结果均为阴性。大鼠30 d喂养试验结果表明各项指标均未见明显毒性反应。结论在本次实验条件下,嗜酸乳杆菌未见遗传毒性。由此可初步判定,使用嗜酸乳杆菌是安全可靠的。     

Mutagenic effect of pesticides fastac 10 EK and durs ban 4E studied in a micronucleus test iin mouse bone marrow cells

The mutagenic activity of vastak and durs ban pesticides was studied by the micronucleus test in mouse bone marrow. The frequency of micronuclei in polychromatic erythrocytes was tested at 24, 36 and 42 h after oral administration of 50% LD50 dose of vastak (14 mg/kg) and durs ban (30.5 mg/kg). Significantly different increase in micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes was established at 24, 36 and 48 h after vastak administration, and at 24 and 36 h after durs ban treatment. Doses of 25% LD50 for both pesticides showed no mutagenic activity, as judged by the induction of micronuclei in polychromatic erythrocytes.     

A comparison of intraperitoneal injection and oral gavage in the micronucleus test with mitomycin C in mice

Intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection and oral (p.o.) gavage were evaluated in the mouse micronucleus test with mitomycin C (MMC). The tests were carried out in 2 laboratories with the MS/Ae and CD-1 mouse strains. On the basis of a small-scale acute toxicity study and a pilot experiment, the full-scale micronucleus test was performed with a 24-h sampling time at doses of 1, 2, 4, and 8 mg/kg for both treatment routes. In both strains, a clear positive dose-response relation was shown by both routes. Although the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCEs) was higher with i.p. on a mg/kg basis, this tendency was reversed when dose was expressed as a percentage of the LD50.     

Effect of route of administration in the micronucleus test with potassium bromate

The effect of intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) versus oral gavage administration (p.o.) of potassium bromate was examined using the micronucleus test in 2 strains of male mice (MS/Ae and CD-1). First, a small acute toxicity test and a pilot micronucleus experiment were performed to determine the appropriate dose range and sampling time for the full-scale micronucleus test. The full-scale test was carried out using doses of 18.8, 37.5, 75, and 150 mg/kg in the i.p. test and of 37.5, 75, 150, and 300 mg/kg in the p.o. test. The sampling time was 24 h for both mouse strains. Potassium bromate induced micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCEs) dose-dependently by both routes of administration in both mouse strains. No distinct difference in route of administration was observed in the test with MS/Ae mice. In CD-1 mice more MNPCEs were induced by the i.p. route than by the p.o. route.     

Micronucleus test with ethyl methanesulfonate administered by intraperitoneal injection and oral gavage

The effect of route of administration on the outcome of the micronucleus test was studied by administering ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) by oral gavage (p.o.) and intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) to males of 2 mouse strains, MS/Ae and CD-1. Based on preliminary studies, consisting of a small-scale acute toxicity test and a pilot experiment to determine the optimal sampling time and the appropriate dosages, a micronucleus test was conducted with a 24-h sampling time and doses of 50-400 mg/kg i.p. and p.o. EMS significantly induced micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCEs) with a clear positive dose response by both routes in both strains. Moreover, both routes showed almost the same induction rate of MNPCEs at each dose level tested in both strains.