寄生蝦虎鱼体内之一新屬及新种吸虫陈氏半尾吸虫(半尾科)

本文把Derogenetinae亚科中之一新属及新种作一详细叙述。其主要特徵为(1)有阴茎囊包被貯精囊之上端及攝護腺之全部,(2)腹吸盤在体之中部稍近下方,(3)单块卵黄腺在体之最末端,(4)在无卵蓋之一端具两條细长丝状体。擬名陈氏半尾吸蟲(Chenia cheni)为本亚科中之一新属及新种。     

背孔屬(Notocotylus)一新種的描述 [吸蟲綱:背孔科(Notocotylidae)]

作者在检查广州的一些螺螄時,從Melania(melanoides)tuberculata chinensis的體中发现十餘種尾蚴,其中一種從螺體游出之後,卽在附近變为囊蚴。後以此種囊蚴感染家兔,一個月之後,从家兔的盲腸中找到了成蟲。经过详细之形態比较研究,决定该吸蟲係Notocotylidae科Notocotylus屬之一新種,擬命名为Notocotylus mamii sp. nov.(图1与2)。     

On Artigasia horridospina n.sp., Longior semialata n.sp., Mentecle magnifica n.sp., Paraxyo ensicrinatus n.sp. (Oxyurida: Hystrignathidae) and Pulchrocephala? pulchrocephala Travassos, 1925 (Oxyurida: Pulchrocephalidae)

Summary Four new species of hystrignathid nematodes are described from the midgut caeca of Passalus unicornus (Coleoptera: Passalidae) from St. Lucia, West Indies. Artigasia horridospina n.sp. is differentiated from A. dispar van Waerebeke, 1973 by virtue of fewer rows of spines in the oesophageal region and in possessing lateral alae, and from A. insignia Travassos & Kloss, 1958 in the extent of the oesophageal spiens and in having the lateral alae commence more anteriorly. The first annule is also much shallower than that of A. insignia. Longior semialata n.sp. is differentiated from L. longicollis Travassos & Kloss, 1958 on body length, b ratio, egg size and the starting point of the lateral alae. Mentecle magnifica n.sp. differs from M. parvus Travassos & Kloss, 1958 in having the spines of the oesophageal region extending much further down the body and in having ridged eggs. It is also longer and relatively thinner. Paraxyo ensicrinatus n.sp. differs from P. monodelpho Travassos & Kloss, 1958 in having a proportionately longer tail. The spines in the oesophageal region also extend considerably further posteriorly than in P. monodelpho.Two types of male associated with the above nematodes are described and illustrated, but not assigned to females. Pulchrocephala? pulchrocephala Travassos, 1925 is redescribed from the gut of the mole-cricket Scapteriscus vicinus.Scanning electron micrographs of four of the described species are given and briefly discussed. ac]19801024     

腸前腺屬(Prosthodendrium Dollfus, 1931)和长吸盤属(新属)(Longitrema gen. nov.)之分類及二新種与一新變種之描述(吸蟲綱:枝腺科)

腸前腺屬(Prosthdendrium),在本篇写作之前,根据Dollfus氏(1931,1937)定义的范国,有四十余种与變種。关於此屬和相近数屬的分类,各家意见甚为分歧。几每一種,或歸於甲屬,或入於乙屬,殊无標準。本篇目的之一,卽唤起我们从新注意解(氵夬)此分类学上的争论。我们在华南动物寄生蟲调查方     

寄生在沼蝦中的陈氏假拉吸虫,新屬新种Pseudolevinseniella cheni gen. & sp. nov. [吸虫綱:微莖科Microphallidae]

蝦是人们所喜吃的鲜味,亦是鸭及其他鸟类捕食的对象。寄生蝦肉的微茎科(Microphallidae)的囊蚴能够在鸟、鸭与人体中寄生。越智(Ouchi,1928)曾以蝦肉中的小微茎吸虫(Microphallus minus,微茎科)囊蚴自己吞服作感染实验,证明它可以在腸中寄生。Africa与Garcia二氏(1940)发表了他们作297个屍体解剖后的报告,说明微茎科的Spelotrema brevicaeca与异形吸虫类(Heterophyidae)同寄生於     

中国林蛙属(无尾目:蛙科)一新种——寒露林蛙Rana hanluica sp.nov.

本文报道两栖纲蛙科一新种,新种具林蛙属(Rana)特征,与昭觉林蛙种组(费梁,1999)相近,但与该组成员又有明显区别,被命名为寒露林蛙Rana hanluica sp.nov.。新种有系列特征与峨眉林蛙(R.omeimonts)、昭觉林蛙(R.chaochiaoensis)相似,但又明显不同于后者,如:1)无雄性线;2)蝌蚪唇齿式为Ⅰ:3 3/1 1:Ⅲ;3)股部背侧黑褐色横斑窄,通常整齐、数目较多;4)繁殖季节在农历寒露节前后。这些特征可以与峨眉林蛙、昭觉林蛙准确区别。新种标本采自湖南省双牌县阳明山,模式标本保存在湖南师范大学动物标本馆及中国科学院成都生物研究所。     

东海大黄鱼的复殖吸虫(吸虫纲:牛首科、半尾科)

大黄鱼Pseudosciaena corcea(Richardson)是我国重要的海产经济鱼类,主要产于东海。关于大黄鱼的吸虫,过去研究不多,顾昌栋(1975,1976,1978)曾有过报道。作者于1960年和1979—1982年在东海先后剖检大黄鱼1,069尾,收集吸虫标本经鉴定共得10种,分别隶属于牛首科及半尾科,其中有4个新种记述如下。模式标本保存在中国科学院海洋研究所。     

桃潜叶蛾Tischeria sp.的生活史(鳞翅目:潜叶蛾科)

潜叶虫是最小的食叶昆虫,多数只需要一片叶的很小部份,就足够完成它们幼期的发育。它们生活在叶的表皮间,蛀食叶肉。绿色体素被食去後,叶上留着浅或白色的隧道。这种隧道统称潜痕,有各种不同的形状,常可用来辨别虫的种类。     

渤海鱼类的复殖吸虫——Ⅰ.半尾科吸虫两新种

我国海岸线很长,沿海鱼类丰富。寄生于鱼体的半尾亚目Hemiuroidea吸虫是一大类群,也是我国海鱼主要寄生吸虫之一。Yamaguti(1971)记载本亚目,共有8科,26亚科,97属,其中大部分是鱼类寄生虫,少数寄生于两栖类和爬行类。国内有关本类吸虫的研究报道有曾省(1953),许鹏如(1954),叶英等(1955),郎所(1963),顾昌栋等(1964、     

Divisispiculimermis mirus n. gen., n. sp. (Mermithidae: Nematoda) Parasitizing Midges in Córdoba,Argentina

Divisispiculimermis mirus n. gen., n. sp., a mermithid parasitizing larvae of Chironomus sp. in the Cajón o Grande Stream, Córdoba, Argentina, is described. The new genus differs from all other mermithid genera in having paired spicules which are separated and divided into proximal and distal sectors. The other diagnostic characters of the genus are medium size, nematodes with the cuticle appearing smooth (lacking cross fibers under the light microscope); head separated from the rest of the body by a slight constriction at the level of the amphids, six cephalic papillae, mouth papillae absent, mouth opening posterior to level of cephalic papillae; six hypodermal chords at midbody; weakly S-shaped vagina; postparasitic juvenile with a tail appendage.     

Bartolius pierrei n. g., n. sp. (Digenea: Gymnophallidae) from the Península Valdés, Argentina

Bartolius pierrei n. g., n. sp. (Digenea: Gymnophallidae) is described from metacercariae and naturally and cultivated obtained adults from southern Argentina. The second intermediate host is Darina solenoides (King) (Bivalvia: Mactridae) and the definitive host is Larus dominicanus Lichtenstein (Aves: Laridae). The diagnostic characters are as follows: Body small, oval. Oral sucker without lateral projections, twice size of ventral sucker (except in young metacercariae). Caeca short (in adults), without dorsal diverticula. Ventral sucker in posterior third of body. Ventral pit absent. Seminal vesicle bipartite. Ovary post-testicular. Vitelline glands paired, compact, close to ventral sucker. Uterus in fore- and hindbody. Genital atrium tubular. Genital pore inconspicuous, close to anterior margin of ventral sucker. Excretory vesicle Y-shaped with very short stem. Excretory formula: 2[(2+2)+(2+2)]=16. Bartolius is distinguished from other genera of the Gymnophallidae by the post-testicular position of the ovary.     

中国西南部紫胶虫内肉食性蛾的新属及新种(Lacciferophaga yunnanea Zagulajev. gen. et. sp. n., Lepidoptera,Momphidae)

大家知道,鳞翅目通常是取食高等植物,但其中也有取食低等植物的——真菌(食菌性,MeToa);植物的碎屑(食残性,eTpToA);甚至有的取食动物躯体附属物——毛皮、毛、皮革等(食角性,kepaToa);此外,还应指出,有食动物的情况,即捕食性(XHecTBo)。 对鳞翅目来说,肉食性(OTOHocTb)及捕食性的现象是很稀少的,目前共有几十种     

Clitellocephalus americanus n. gen., n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Eugregarinida: Gregarinidae) from Cratacanthus dubius (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Harpalinae) in the Nebraska sandhills and Clitellocephalus ophoni n. comb. (Apicomplexa: Eugregarinida: Gregarinidae) from Ophonus pubescens (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Harpalinae) in Sète,France

Clitellocephalus americanus n. gen., n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Eugregarinida: Gregarinidae) is described from Cratacanthus dubius (Coleoptera: Carabidae) collected from Keith County in the Sandhills of western Nebraska. Clitellocephalus ophoni n. comb. is redescribed using original type material from Ophonus pubescens (Coleoptera: Carabidae) collected in Sète, France. Clitellocephalus n. gen. is distinguished by a deltoid epimerite with an internal anterior obconoid structure and a basal toroidal vacuole, which is retained in gamonts. Protomerites are broadly elliptical to cylindrical; deutomerites are narrowly obovate. Association is precocious, caudofrontal, and biassociative, with the satellite protomerite engulfing the posterior end of the primite deutomerite to form an interlock. Gametocysts are spherical. Sporoducts are present but reduced and irregular in number. Oocysts are dolioform, dehiscing in chains. The species described herein are differentiated by their overall size and relative proportion of cellular structures.     

Description of the oöcysts of Eimeria beccari n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from Varanus prasinus beccari (Reptilia: Varanidae)

Eimeria beccari n. sp. is described from the faecal contents of Varanus prasinus beccari (Reptilia: Varanidae), originally from the Aru Islands northwest of New Guinea. Oöcysts are cylindroid, 33.7 × 19.1 (29–36 × 18–21) µm, often with one end narrowing; shape index (length/width) 1.76 (1.6–1.9). A micropyle and oöcyst residuum are absent but a polar granule is present in most oöcysts. Sporocysts are ellipsoid, 12.0 × 7.7 (11–13.5 × 7–8) µm; shape index 1.56 (1.5–1.7). Stieda and substieda bodies are absent. Sporozoites are elongate, 10.4 × 2.8 (9–12 × 2.5–3) µm, and contain a posterior refractile body.     

Triloculotrema japanicae n. g., n. sp. (Monogenea: Monocotylidae) from the olfactory sacs of the Japanese topeshark Hemitriakis japanica (Müller & Henle, 1839) (Carcharhiniformes: Triakidae)

Triloculotrema japanicae n. g., n. sp. (Monogenea: Monocotylidae: Merizocotylinae) is described. The parasite inhabits the olfactory sacs of the Japanese topeshark Hemitriakis japanica (Carcharhiniformes: Triakidae), and possesses a distinctive haptor with only three loculi. Some comments are made on the evolution of monocotylid monogeneans.     

云南半叶趾虎的新亚种(蜥蜴目:壁虎科)

1975—1979年间,我们得到采自云南省九个地点、贵州省两个地点的云南半叶趾虎Hemiphyllodactylus yunnanensis(Boulenger)标本共640号。本文报道整理中发现的三个新亚种。模式标本均保存在南京师范学院生物系。云南半叶趾虎指名亚种 Hemiphyllodactylus yunnanensis yunnanensis(Bou-     

中国肥螈属(两栖纲:蝾螈科)一新种——弓斑肥螈Pachytriton archospotus sp. nov.

本文记述两栖纲蝾螈目蝾螈科一新种,新种具肥螈属(Pachytriton)系列特征,与肥螈属已知2种比较有明显区别.如1)本新种与黑斑肥螈(Pachytriton brevipes)相似,体表具黑色小圆斑,但新种具额鳞弓、上鳃骨直而与后者不同;无斑肥螈(Pachytriti on labiatus)(地模标本)虽具额鳞弓,但上鳃骨明显弯曲,体表无黑色小圆斑;2) 新种吻短,吻长小于眼间距,黑斑肥螈吻长大于眼间距,无斑肥螈吻长大于或等于眼间距, 它们的头型明显不同,虽然三者头长均大于头宽,但头长、吻长、眼间距差异显著;3)繁 殖期新种雄体肛区不明显肿胀,肛裂周边中、后部生殖乳突长,而且多,十分醒目;黑斑肥 螈和无斑肥螈繁殖期肛区明显肿胀膨大,生殖乳突较短、且稀.经统计分析三种肥螈的头体长、头长、头宽、吻长和眼间距存在显著差异     

Whallwachsia illuminata n. gen., n. sp. (Trematoda: Digenea: Plagiorchiformes: Prosthogonimidae) in the steely-vented hummingbird Amazilia saucerrottei (Aves: Apodiformes: Trochilidae) and the yellow-olive flycatcher Tolmomyias sulphurescens (Aves: Passeriformes: Tyraninidae) from the Area de Conservación Guanacaste, Guanacaste, Costa Rica

A new species of digenean found in the intestines of the steely-vented hummingbird Amazilia saucerrottei and the yellow-olive flycatcher Tolmomyias sulphurescens from the Area de Conservación Guanacaste, Guanacaste, Costa Rica, resembles members of the Prosthogonimidae in having a highly lobate ovary; an elongate cirrus sac containing the cirrus, pars prostatica, and internal seminal vesicle; no external seminal vesicle; 2 fields of extracecal vitelline follicles restricted to the area between the intestinal bifurcation and testes; and uterine loops occupying all available space in the hind body. The new species differs from all other members of the family in having genital pores opening laterally to the cecum, immediately anterior to the acetabular level, and markedly oblique rather than symmetrical testes. Consequently, we propose the new genus Whallwachsia for the species. Preliminary phylogenetic assessment suggests that the species is the sister group of all other prosthogonimids.     

Henneguya polarislonga n. sp. (Cnidaria: Myxosporea) parasitizing Astyanax lacustris (Lütken, 1875) with an insight on its life cycle

Henneguya polarislonga n. sp. is described from the gills of Astyanax lacustris (Lütken, 1875) (Characiformes, Characidae) from streams of the Middle Paranapanema River, Upper Paraná River basin, in the São Paulo State, Brazil. The proposed new species is supported by a combination of morphological and molecular characterization (partial fragment of the SSU rDNA). Thirty specimens of A. lacustris were analyzed and myxospores were found in the gill lamellae of one specimen (Prevalence = 3.3%). Henneguya polarislonga n. sp. was morphometrically and genetically distinct from other Henneguya spp. previously described in Astyanax spp., mainly differing in the total length and caudal appendages length of the mature myxospores. Comparative analysis of the SSU rDNA sequences revealed that Seisactinomyxon-type actinospores previously reported parasitizing oligochaetes are developmental stages of the life cycle of Henneguya polarislonga n. sp. (similarity of 99.9%). This is the first time that an actinospore and a myxospore are correlated through molecular analysis in Brazil, contributing to the knowledge of the myxozoan ecology and biodiversity.