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Diversity of Cercomonad Species in the Phyllosphere and Rhizosphere of Different Plant Species with a Description of Neocercomonas epiphylla (Cercozoa,Rhizaria) a Leaf‐Associated Protist
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![点击此处可从《The Journal of eukaryotic microbiology》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Sebastian Flues Malte Blokker Kenneth Dumack Michael Bonkowski 《The Journal of eukaryotic microbiology》2018,65(5):587-599
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Towards a multigene phylogeny of the Cymatosiraceae (Bacillariophyta,Mediophyceae) I: novel taxa within the subfamily cymatosiroideae based on molecular and morphological data
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![点击此处可从《Journal of phycology》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Przemysław Dąbek Matt P. Ashworth Andrzej Witkowski Chunlian Li Thomas G. Bornman Vítor Gonçalves Jinsoon Park Jong Seong Khim 《Journal of phycology》2017,53(2):342-360
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Darren W. Pietersen Andrew E. McKechnie Raymond Jansen Ian T. Little Armanda D.S. Bastos 《Ibis》2019,161(4):781-792
The globally distributed avian family Motacillidae consists of five to seven genera (Anthus, Dendronanthus, Tmetothylacus, Macronyx and Motacilla, and depending on the taxonomy followed, Amaurocichla and Madanga) and 66–68 recognized species, of which 32 species in four genera occur in sub‐Saharan Africa. The taxonomy of the Motacillidae has been contentious, with variable numbers of genera, species and subspecies proposed and some studies suggesting greater taxonomic diversity than currently recognized (five genera and 67 species). Using one nuclear (Mb) and two mitochondrial (cyt b and CO1) gene regions amplified from DNA extracted from contemporary and museum specimens, we investigated the taxonomic status of 56 of the currently recognized motacillid species and present the most taxonomically complete and expanded phylogeny of this family to date. Our results suggest that the family comprises six clades broadly reflecting continental distributions: sub‐Saharan Africa (two clades), the New World (one clade), Palaearctic (one clade), a widespread large‐bodied Anthus clade, and a sixth widespread genus, Motacilla. Within the Afrotropical region, our phylogeny further supports recognition of Wood Pipit Anthus nyassae as a valid species, and the treatment of Long‐tailed Pipit Anthus longicaudatus and Kimberley Pipit Anthus pseudosimilis as junior subjective synonyms of Buffy Pipit Anthus vaalensis and African Pipit Anthus cinnamomeus, respectively. As the disjunct populations of Long‐billed Pipit Anthus similis in southern and East Africa are genetically distinct and geographically separated, we propose a specific status for the southern African population under the earliest available name, Nicholson's Pipit Anthus nicholsoni. Further, as our analyses indicate that Yellow‐breasted Pipit Anthus chloris and Golden Pipit Tmetothylacus tenellus are both nested within the Macronyx longclaws, we propose transferring these species to the latter genus. 相似文献
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The knock‐down of the expression of MdMLO19 reduces susceptibility to powdery mildew (Podosphaera leucotricha) in apple (Malus domestica)
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![点击此处可从《Plant biotechnology journal》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Stefano Pessina Dario Angeli Stefan Martens Richard G.F. Visser Yuling Bai Francesco Salamini Riccardo Velasco Henk J. Schouten Mickael Malnoy 《Plant biotechnology journal》2016,14(10):2033-2044
Varieties resistant to powdery mildew (PM; caused by Podosphaera leucotricha) are a major component of sustainable apple production. Resistance can be achieved by knocking‐out susceptibility S‐genes to be singled out among members of the MLO (Mildew Locus O) gene family. Candidates are MLO S‐genes of phylogenetic clade V up‐regulated upon PM inoculation, such as MdMLO11 and 19 (clade V) and MdMLO18 (clade VII). We report the knock‐down through RNA interference of MdMLO11 and 19, as well as the complementation of resistance with MdMLO18 in the Arabidopsis thaliana triple mlo mutant Atmlo2/6/12. The knock‐down of MdMLO19 reduced PM disease severity by 75%, whereas the knock‐down of MdMLO11, alone or in combination with MdMLO19, did not result in any reduction or additional reduction of susceptibility compared with MdMLO19 alone. The test in A. thaliana excluded a role for MdMLO18 in PM susceptibility. Cell wall appositions (papillae) were present in both PM‐resistant and PM‐susceptible plants, but were larger in resistant lines. No obvious negative phenotype was observed in plants with mlo genes knocked down. Apparently, MdMLO19 plays the pivotal role in apple PM susceptibility and its knock‐down induces a very significant level of resistance. 相似文献
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Phylogenetic relationships within Adiaphanida (phylum Platyhelminthes) and the status of the crustacean‐parasitic genus Genostoma
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![点击此处可从《Invertebrate Biology》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
The existence of the platyhelminth clade Adiaphanida—an assemblage comprising the well‐studied order Tricladida as well as two lesser known taxa, Prolecithophora and the obligate parasitic Fecampiida—is among the more surprising results of flatworm molecular systematics. Each of these three clades is itself largely well‐defined from a morphological point of view, although Adiaphanida at large, despite its strong support in molecular phylogenetic analyses, lacks known morphological synapomorphies. However, one taxon, the genus Genostoma, a parasite of the leptostracan crustacean Nebalia, rests uneasily within its current classification within the fecampiid family Genostomatidae; ultrastructural investigations on this taxon have uncovered a spermatogenesis reminiscent of Kalyptorhynchia, and a dorsal syncytium resembling the neodermatan tegument. Here, we provide molecular sequence data (nearly complete 18S and 28S rRNA) from a representative of Genostoma, with which we test hypotheses on the phylogenetic position of this taxon within Platyhelminthes, expanding upon a recently published phylum‐wide analysis, and applying novel alignment algorithms and substitution models. These analyses unequivocally position Genostoma as the sister group of Prolecithophora. However, even in taxon‐rich analyses, support for the position of the root of Adiaphanida is lacking, highlighting the need for new data types to study the phylogeny of this clade. Interestingly, our analyses also do not recover the monophyly of several taxa previously proposed, notably Continenticola within Tricladida and Protomonotresidae within Prolecithophora. In light of this phylogeny and the distinctive morphology (especially, spermatogenesis) of Genostoma, we advocate for a redefinition of the family Genostomatidae, outside of both Fecampiida and Prolecithophora, to encompass the members of this unique genus of parasites. Within Fecampiida, the family Piscinquilinidae fam. nov. is erected to accommodate the vertebrate‐parasitic Piscinquilinus, formerly Genostomatidae. 相似文献
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Internal larval characters in anuran systematic studies: a phylogenetic hypothesis for Leptodactylus (Anura,Leptodactylidae)
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![点击此处可从《Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Núbia Esther de Oliveira Miranda Natan Medeiros Maciel Karla Pêssoa Tepedino Antonio Sebben 《Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research》2015,53(1):55-66
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Michaela Drögemüller Vidhya Jagannathan Judith Howard Rémy Bruggmann Cord Drögemüller Maja Ruetten Tosso Leeb Peter H. Kook 《Animal genetics》2014,45(1):148-150
Mammals are unable to synthesize cobalamin or vitamin B12 and rely on the uptake of dietary cobalamin. The cubam receptor expressed on the intestinal endothelium is required for the uptake of cobalamin from the gut. Cubam is composed of two protein subunits, amnionless and cubilin, which are encoded by the AMN and CUBN genes respectively. Loss‐of‐function mutations in either the AMN or the CUBN gene lead to hereditary selective cobalamin malabsorption or Imerslund–Gräsbeck syndrome (IGS). We investigated Beagles with IGS and resequenced the whole genome of one affected Beagle at 15× coverage. The analysis of the AMN and CUBN candidate genes revealed a homozygous deletion of a single cytosine in exon 8 of the CUBN gene (c.786delC). This deletion leads to a frameshift and early premature stop codon (p.Asp262Glufs*47) and is, thus, predicted to represent a complete loss‐of‐function allele. We tested three IGS‐affected and 89 control Beagles and found perfect association between the IGS phenotype and the CUBN:c.786delC variant. Given the known role of cubilin in cobalamin transport, which has been firmly established in humans and dogs, our data strongly suggest that the CUBN:c.786delC variant is causing IGS in the investigated Beagles. 相似文献
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