The circulatory bed of the human uterine tube

By means of combined morphological methods blood vessels have been studied in 54 uterine tubes of child-birth women. The main pathways for carrying and distribution of blood to corresponding parts of the tube are sector arteries. They are situated in the subserous tela along the anterior and posterior semicircles of the organ. The microcirculatory bed (MCB) of the uterine tube is presented by serous, subserous, muscular and mucosal plexuses. The MCB of the serous tunic is characterized by vascular compositions--modules. Angioarchitectonics of the mucosal tunic is determined with differences in vascularization of complex and simple folds. Organospecific for small arteries and veins of the tubes is presence of vascular mechanisms, regulating the blood stream (intimal cushions, muscular-elastic constrictors, valves and others). Blood capillaries of the mucosal tunic possess a number of ultrastructural peculiarities: thickened peripheral part of endotheliocyte cytoplasm, that contains fenestrae; wide continuous basal membrane with pericytes in its duplication; three types of pericytic-endothelial contacts etc.     

The microcirculatory bed of the human heart

Using a complex approach in studying microcirculatory bed of the human heart, possibilities of scanning electron microscopy of corrosive preparations, those of silver nitrate impregnation after V. V. Kuprianov are demonstrated. The silver nitrate impregnation makes it possible to study the wall structure of the microcirculatory pathways, to analyse arrangement of nuclei in the endothelial and muscle cells of the microcirculatory links, to reveal together with the vessels the surrounding tissues. Scanograms of the corrosive preparations of the arterioles demonstrate "circulatory strips", that are absent in the venular part. The relief of the luminal casts of the microcirculatory bed vessels in the human heart is presented as impresses of nuclei of the endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Peculiarities in form and distribution of these nuclei in various links of the microbed are demonstrated.     

Vascular anastomoses of the blood microcirculatory bed of the human heart

Using a complex of morphological techniques both injective and non-injective, scanning electron microscopy including, the hemomicrocirculatory bed and vascular anastomoses have been studied in various parts of the human heart. In most cases anastomoses between the microcirculatory links are realized at the level of capillaries, precapillary arterioles and postcapillary venules. Venulo-venular anastomoses are demonstrated in the myocardium. Existence of terminal arterioles is discussed.     

The transhemenation process of bovine and human hemoglobin polymers under conditions simulating the situation in the circulatory bed]

It was shown that transhemenation, i.e. the transfer of heme from hemoglobin to human serum albumin may have the great importance in metabolism of hemoglobin. It was noted that precipitation in the case of human pyridoxal-5'-phosphate modified polyhemoglobin met-derived incubation.     

Representations of the human circulatory system

There is no agreement about the robustness of intuitive representations of the circulatory system and their susceptibility to change by instruction. In this paper, we analyse to what extent students with varying degrees of biology instruction and different ages (High School Health Science and Social Science students and first and final year University Psychology students) have been able to change their intuitive beliefs into scientific representations of the workings of the human circulatory system. We analysed two aspects of the representation of the circulatory system: models of the circulatory system (the relationship between the heart and lungs in the blood pathway) and the circulatory system pattern (the blood pathway between organs). In relation to the models of the circulatory system, we found differences among the different groups of students according to the amount of biological instruction they had. The majority of participants (High School Social Science students and both University Psychology student groups) had an incomplete model, which did not include the lungs while the High School Health Science students group had a scientific representation. As for the circulatory system pattern, we did not find differences among groups. However, we cannot conclude that the representations of the two aspects of the circulatory system (model and pattern) are independent. The data in this study show that compulsory human physiology instruction did not enhance the acquisition of a scientific representation of the human circulatory system.     

Intraorganic lymphatic bed of the cattle heart

Lymphomicrocirculatory networks of endocardium, myocardium and epicardium, as well as lymphatic vessels of four orders represent the intraorganic lymphatic bed of the cattle heart. In the endocardium there is a lymphatic network with close loops and a small amount of blindly beginning capillaries. The capillary lymphatic bed of the endocardial trabeculae carneae is much more dense than that in the other part of the endocardial surface. The spatial lymphatic network of the myocardium is joined with the lymphomicrocirculatory networks of the endocardium and epicardium by means of a large amount of connections. The epicardial lymphatic bed is formed by blindly beginning lymphatic capillaries, which situate in close and nonclose loops of the lymphatic network. In the epicardium there is only one lymphatic network. The size of the loops and the diameter of the lymphatic capillaries is directly proportional to the age of the animals.     

Development of the paravascular bed of the vessels of the human heart during the prenatal period of ontogenesis

The paravascular bed of the cardiac vessels has been studied in 128 human fetuses at the age of 3-9 lunar months. Anatomical and histological techniques have been used, morphometrical analysis has been carried out. The paravascular bed of the cardiac wall vessels begins to form from the vascular epicardial network and from the paraneural vessels in 5-month-old fetuses. The paravasal longitudinal tracts are the first to form (the venous ones preceed the arterial). During the seventh month the nutritive vessels and the intramural networks of the main cardiac arteries and veins develop. The formation of the paraarterial bed is connected with the vascular diameter and with thickness of the arterial walls. Certain regularities in development of the venous paravascular bed are defined. By the beginning of the 8th month there are all main components of the paravascular bed of the cardiac vessels.     

Microcirculatory bed of the human duodenum

In preparations impregnated with silver nitrate (25 corpses of mature persons), the hemomicrocirculatory bed of the intestine wall tunics has been stated to possess a layer-by-layer organization. The most powerful submucosal vascular plexus, formed by branches of the arteries perforating the external tunics of the intestine, supplies with blood all the layers of the intestinal wall and their main working and integrating elements: intestinal and duodenal glands, villi, neural ganglia and trunks of the submucosal and intermuscular plexuses. Summarizing morphometrical criteria for estimating the capillary bed of the tunics of all the anatomical parts and the large duodenal papilla, it is clear that there are specific conditions in microvascularization of the upper part of the organ.     

Lymphatic bed of the heart in the post-resuscitation period

In the experiment performed on 96 rabbits, by means of silver nitrate impregnation and Gerota mass injection methods, changes in the epicardial lymphatic bed have been investigated after 5-minutes' clinical death caused by hemorrhage. During first hours after resuscitation certain signs of the lymphatic drenage activation are revealed. In most of the animals the specific density of the lymphatic bed increases, capillaries and postcapillaries dilate, hyperargirophilia of cytoplasm and nuclei of endotheliocytes appears. In the animals sacrificed against the background of a severe state (with certain, signs of a pronounced hypoxia), there are dystrophically and degeneratively altered endotheliocytes. This is accompanied with hyper- hypoargyrophilia of endothelium, fragmentation of its cell borders, with deterioration of injection ability of the lymph outflow pathways. In the rabbits survived, by the 7th-14th days a gradual normalization of the parameters studied takes place.     

Formation of the circulatory bed of the neuromuscular spindles in forearm and hand muscles]

The data are presented on the formation and main constitutional principles in the blood supply of the neuromuscular spindles in the human forearm and hand during embryogenesis and early postnatal life. It has been stated that the neuromuscular spindles posses their own microcirculatory bed which is formed by the vessels of the surrounding muscular tissue, tends to separate in the course of development and subdivides into two parts: extracapsular and intracapsular. The vessels of the extracapsular part form dense capillary nets on the external surface of the capsule and follow extracapsular parts of the intrafusal muscular fibres. The intracapsular vessels either cover the internal surface of the capsule, or adjoin the intrafusal muscular fibres, or else run in the free subcapsular space.     

Age-related changes in the circulatory bed of the uterus (data of the scanning electron microscopy

Structure of the blood bed has been studied in normal rat uterus and at ageing. Phenomena of involutive changes in the blood bed have been demonstrated. They depend on the process of sclerosis in the organ and desolation of vessels.     

Microcirculatory bed of the heart during peripheral arteriovenous shunting

In the experiment performed on 108 test and 28 control dogs, by means of injection and histological methods, the effect of arteriovenous fistula on the cardiac microcirculatory bed has been studied. The arteriovenous blood shunting results in plethora and stasis in the cardiac microcirculatory bed, in dilatation of all its links, in aggregation and adhesion of the blood formed elements, in increased permeability of microvessels, in diapedesis of erythrocytes and in myocardial edema, in winding microvessels, in development of the venoarterial reaction, in hypertrophy of myocytes, recalibration and sclerosis of the microvascular walls.