Unlimited source of human microglia inspiring physiopathological and translational studies of the central nervous system

<正>The retinal organoid is a vital model for studying retinal development and related diseases, especially for the human retina(Jin et al., 2019). The retina constitutes an integral part of the central nervous system(CNS) and originates from neuroectodermal cells during organogenesis. Subsequently,ectodermal cells are typically used for induction and differentiation in the retinal organoid-related studies(Eiraku et al.,     

Identification of long non-coding RNA p34822 as a potential plasma biomarker for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma

正Dear Editor,Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide(Li and Satomura,2015).Early diagnosis and treatment are vital for reducing mortality.Currently,biomarkers such as serum alpha fetoprotein(AFP),AFP-L2,and carcinoembryonic antigen are widely used tumor markers for managing HCC in patients(Shi et al.,2016).However,because of their low diagnostic sensitivity and specificity,novel biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity for early HCC diagnosis are needed.     

Insights from avian influenza surveillance of chickens and ducks before and after exposure to live poultry markets

<正>Dear Editor,Live poultry markets are the major trading system of poultry in China and many other countries, and are also thought to be important for the generation and spread of avian influenza viruses and other avian pathogens (Zhang et al., 2013; Shi et al., 2017; Quan et al., 2018). Surveillance studies indicate that the H7 avian influenza viruses were maintained and circulated for years in the New York live poultry markets(Suarez et al., 1999). H9N2 and H5N1 influenza viruses have been detected in poultry in China since 1994 and 1996, respectively, and vaccines have been developed and used in poultry to control these two subtypes of viruses (MOA,     

中国鸡皮衣属二新记录种

1 INTRODUCTION Pertusaria is a fairly large genus of Pertusariaceae with around 170 species recognized(Kirk et al.2001).The genus is characterized by the verrucose thallus,and the large spores(often longer than 30μm)with a conspicuously thick wall(more than 2.5μm thick).Both morphology and chemistry are essential for identifying species in this genus(Oshio 1968; Dibben 1980; Archer 1991,1997;Lumbsch et al.1999).Studies of the Chinese Pertusaria have been extensively developed with 45taxa accepted to data(Zhao et al.2004).A considerable portion of these taxa are difficult to be distinguished without chemical data which,however,have been detected for only a handful of species (Yu et al.1999; Zhao et al.2004).     

Demonstrating mate choice copying in spiders requires further research

Mate choice copying-when individuals learn to prefer mates or mate types that have been chosen by others-can influence trait evo-lution and speciation(Varela et al.2018;Dion et al.2019).Most examples of mate choice copying are from fish,birds,and mammals including humans(Varela et al.2018).However,2 invertebrate examples-fruit flies and wolf spiders-have been used to argue that the phenomenon may be phylogenetically widespread,and perhaps the rule rather than the exception in nature(Varela et al.2018).Here,we revisit the evidence for mate choice copying in wolf spiders(Fowler-Fimn et al.2015)in light of new data(Gilman et al.2018).Then,we discuss why mate choice copying is a phenomenon that is likely to occur in wolf spiders,and why this deserves attention.     

The 35S promoter‐driven mDII auxin control sensor is uniformly distributed in leaf primordia

<正>The DII auxin sensor has been an invaluable tool for mapping the spatiotemporal auxin response and distribution in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana.The DII sensor and the m DII control sensor are driven by the widely used constitutive 35S promoter. Recently, however, the reliability of the DII sensor has been questioned (Bhatia et al. 2019).     

Plant genome editing using xCas9 with expanded PAM compatibility

CRISPR/Cas enables robust genome editing and has revolution-ized both functional genomics and crop breeding.The specificity of Cas-directed DNA cleavage is strictly determined by a chimeric single guide RNA(SgRNA)and a short protospacer adjacent motif(PAM)in the genome(Cong et al,2013;Zetsche et al,2015).The widely used Cas9 from Streptococcus pyogenes(SpCas9)generally recognizes the canonical NGG PAM(where N indicates any nucleicacid base)(Miao et al.,2013;Ma et al,2015),making many regionsuntargetable by Cas9.SpCas9 VQR and VRER variants,which recog-nize the non-canonical PAM sequences of NGA and NGCG,respectively,have been used to expand targetable sequences in plants(Hu et al.,2016).In addition,the applications of other Cas endonucleases such as SaCas9(Staphylococcus aureus Cas9)(Ran et al..2015).     

What can we Learn from Oxygen and Hydrogen Isotope Compositions of Tree-ring Cellulose in Higher Plants (英文)

Stable isotope ratios in tree-ring cellulose have been shown to be reliable recorders of changes in the ambient climate (Leuenberger et al., 1998). Thus, isotopic fractionations associated with both physical and biochemical processes during cellulose synthesis in higher plants (Epstein & Krishnaumurthy, 1990; Roden et al., 2000; Saurer et al., 1997a; 1997b; 2000) can be used as archives for past climatic indicators. Superimposed on the climatic induced isotopic signal are the long-term responses of plant physiological processes to past changes in environmental conditions including CO2 enrichment.     

3D-QSAR analysis of a new type of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors are an important class of medicinal agents used for the treat- ment of Alzheimer's disease. A screening model of AChE inhibitor was used to evaluate the inhibition of a series of phenyl pentenone derivatives. The assay result showed that some compounds displayed higher inhibitory effects. In order to study the relationship between the bioactivities and the structures, 26 compounds with phenyl pentenone scaffold were analyzed. A 3D-QSAR model was constructed us- ing the method of comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA). The results of cross-validated R2cv=0.629, non-cross-validated R2=0.972, SE=0.331, and F=72.41 indicate that the 3D-model pos- sesses an ability to predict the activities of new inhibitors, and the CoMFA model would be useful for the future design of new AChE inhibitors.     

Regulatory perspective of antibiotic biosynthesis in Streptomyces

<正>Streptomycetes are Gram-positive bacteria with high GC DNA content. They produce the most abundant secondary metabolites including over two-thirds of the clinically used antibiotics of natural origin (Barka et al., 2016), for example,the important broad-spectrum antimicrobials oxytetracycline(OTC) and chlortetracycline, which are the tetracycline antibiotics, produced by Streptomyces rimosus and Strepto-     

中国溜蝇属须溜蝇种团的分类研究(双翅目:蝇科)

本文系统地研究了我国溜蝇属须溜蝇种团.界定了该种团的特征;附有中国该种团9个已知种的名录及其分布;确定单毛溜蝇L. monochaita Mou et Ma为海滨溜蝇 L. litorea Fallén的新异名;补充绘制了端斑溜蝇L. apicalis Mik 及缺髭溜蝇 L. loewi Ringdahl的特征图.研究标本保存于沈阳师范大学昆虫研究所.     

Review of the Palaearctic members of the Lispe tentaculata species-group (Diptera, Muscidae): revised key, synonymy and notes on ecology

The taxonomic reasons for regarding Lispe draperi Séguy, 1933, sp. rev., as a valid species instead of a synonym of Lispe tentaculata (De Geer, 1776) and for treating Lispe quaerens Villeneuve, 1936, syn. n., as a junior synonym of Lispe sericipalpis Stein, 1904 are given. A revised key for the Palaearctic members of the Lispe tentaculata species-group is given. Data on ecology, distribution and feeding preferences are provided.     

Revision of the Lispe longicollis-group (Diptera,?Muscidae)

The Lispe longicollis species-group is revised. Lispe ethiopica sp. n. is described. The following 3 new synonyms are established: Lispe assimilis Wiedemann, 1824 (syn: cyrtoneurina Stein, 1900 and modesta Stein, 1913); Lispe manicata Wiedemann, 1830 (syn: forficata Kurahashi & Shinonaga, 2009). Female of Lispe microptera Seguy, 1937 is described for the first time. Identification key for known Eurasian and African species is given.     

Lispe patellitarsis Becker (Diptera: Muscidae) new to Korea

Lispe patellitarsis Becker is identified for the first time in Korea. Diagnoses and illustrations of the habitus and male genitalia are given.     

中国北方15种革螨的季节数量变动

作者曾在吉林省西部草原和甘肃省甘南高原调查了革螨的季节数量变动,本文报道的１５种革螨指数均为夏季最高,春,秋二季较低。     

中国玉兰属两新种

描述了中国木兰科玉兰属两新种,奇叶玉兰(Yulania mirifolia D.L.Fu,T B Zhao etZ.X.Chen,sp.nov.)和青皮玉兰(Yulania viridula D.L.Fu,T B Zhao et G.H.Tian,sp.nov.)的形态特征和分布情况,并与近缘种进行了比较。     

On the Type of the Genus Yinshania (Cruciferae)

When the genus Yinshania Ma et Y. Z. Zhao was published, it had only a single species, Y. albiflora Ma et Y. Z. Zhao which was indicated as the type of the genus (Acta Phytotax. Sin. 1979). Y. Z. Zhao 155. was indicated as the type specimen of Y. albiflora. It is adequate to cite Y. albiflora Ma et Y. Z. Zhao as the type of genus Yinshania Ma et Y. Z. Zhao. In a revision (Acta Phytotax. Sin. 25(3): 204-219, 1987) Y. H. Zhang made a combintion, Yinshania acutangula (O. E. Schulz) Y. H. Zhang (=Cochlearia acutangula O. E. Schulz) and reduced Yinshania albiflora Ma et Y. Z. Zhao as a variety of Y. acutangula,i. e. Y. acutangula var. albiflora (Ma et Y. Z. Zhao) Y. H. Zhang. She is uncorrect, however, when she cited Y. acutangula (O. E. Schulz) Y. H . Zhang as the type of the genus Yinshania Ma et Y. Z. Zhao. It should be cited as follows: Yinshania Ma et Y. Z. Zhao Typus generis: Yinshania albiflora Ma et Y. Z. Zhao (=Yinshania acutangula(O. E. Schulz) Y. H. Zhang var. albiflora (Ma et Y. Z. Zhao) Y. H. Zhang)     

Tales from the crypt: the expanding role of slow cycling intestinal stem cells

Similar to other highly self-renewing tissues, the intestinal epithelium contains both slowly and rapidly cycling progenitor/stem cells, though their relationship has been largely unexplored. Two recent reports in Nature (Tian et al., 2011) and Science (Takeda et al., 2011) shed new light on their dynamic interplay.     

Three new species and two new records of the genus Psen from China (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Crabronidae)

Three new species of the genus Psen Latreille from China are described: Psen yunnanensis Ma et Li, sp. nov., from Yunnan Province; Psen lacuniventris Ma et Li, sp. nov., from Zhejiang and Sichuan Provinces; and Psen spinitibialis Ma et Li, sp. nov., from Zhejiang Province. Two species of the genus Psen are recorded from China for the first time. Modifications to the key to species of the genus Psen, as developed by van Lith in 1968, are presented.     

中国内蒙古溜蝇属一新种记述(双翅目:蝇科)

内蒙古溜蝇,新种Ｌｉｓｐｅ ｎｅｉｍｏｎｇｏｌａ Ｔｉａｎ ｅｔ Ｍａ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ（图１～４）,♂,体长约５．５ｍｍ。新种隶属于须瘤蝇种团（ｐａｌｋｐｏｓａ－ｇｒｏｕｐ）,与中国河北省的河北溜蝇,Ｌｉｓｐｅ ｈｅｂｅｉｅｎｓｉｓ Ｍａ ｅｔ Ｔｉａｎ,１９９３极近似。但新种的腹部背板无正中斑条,在第３～５背板后缘两侧各有１个黑色斑,中股基半部有１列长大的前腹鬃,中胫无后腹鬃,而河北溜虽的腹部背板