Phylogenetic classification of Eudorylini (Diptera: Pipunculidae)

Abstract. The phylogenetic relationships of members of Eudorylini (Diptera: Pipunculidae: Pipunculinae) were explored. Two hundred and fifty-seven species of Eudorylini from all biogeographical regions and all known genera were examined. Sixty species were included in an exemplar-based phylogeny for the tribe. Two new genera are described, Clistoabdominalis and Dasydorylas . The identity of Eudorylas Aczél, the type genus for Eudorylini, has been obscure since its inception. The genus is re-diagnosed and a proposal to stabilize the genus and tribal names is discussed. An illustrated key to the genera of Pipunculidae is presented and all Eudorylini genera are diagnosed. Numerous new generic synonyms are proposed. Moriparia nigripennis Kozánek & Kwon is preoccupied by Congomyia nigripennis Hardy when both are transferred to Claraeola , so Cla. koreana Skevington is proposed as a new name for Mo. nigripennis .     

Checklist of the family Pipunculidae (Diptera) of Finland

A checklist of the Pipunculidae (Diptera) cited from Finland is presented. At present, 107 species have been recorded.     

Phylogeny and evolutionary zoogeography of the Hawaiian Pipunculidae (Diptera)

Within the scope of a world revision of the genus group Cephalops Fallén, the pipunculid fauna of the Hawaiian islands was revised. All 36 species proved to belong to a distinct monophyletic species group within the genus Cephalops, called the hawaiiensis subgroup. This subgroup seems to be endemic to the islands and probably originated from one founder ancestor. A cladistic analysis, based on characters of the male terminalia, resulted in a largely resolved cladogram where a number of distinct transformation series could be detected. A zoogeographical analysis, based on assumption 0 (Brooks parsimony analysis), 1 and 2 (Component analysis) agrees with the geological information, and the ancestry and colonization of the group throughout the history is discussed.     

Taxonomic Review of the Genus Eudorylas Aczél (Diptera: Pipunculidae) in Korea

The Korean species of the genus Eudorylas Aczél have been studied. A total of 16 species are arranged herein. Among them, E. paraappendiculatus sp. nov. is new to science, and E. nomurai Morakote et Yano, 1990 is newly recorded in the Korean fauna.     

Pipunculidae (Diptera) from Papua New Guinea: the genera Cephalosphaera, Cephalops and Beckerias

Seven new pipunculid species are described from Papua New Guinea: Cephalosphaera gymne sp.n., C. immodica sp.n. C. wauensis sp.n., Cephalops bifidus sp.n., C. multidenticulatus sp.n., C. papuaensis sp.n., and C. parmatus sp.n. Cephalops argutus (Hardy) is considered as a true Beckerias sp. and thus placed in a new combination: Beckerias argutus. The phylogenetic relationship of the new species is shortly discussed.     

Taxonomy of the Genus Moriparia Kozének et Kwon (Diptera: Pipunculidae) from Korea

ABSTRACT Six species of the genus Moriparia Kozánek et Kwon including M. palgongsana sp. nov. and M. robusta sp. nov. from Korea are recorded. A key to Korean species is provided.     

Taxonomic revision of the genus Jassidophaga Aczél (Diptera: Pipunculidae) in Korea

In this paper, three Korean species of the big‐head fly, genus Jassidophaga Aczél were treated: J. chiiensis (Ouchi), J. pala (Morakote) and J. villosa (Roser). Of these, J. pala is reported in Korea for the first time. A key to Korean species and photographs on external features are given.     

Sponges Collected by the Swedish Deep Sea Expedition

The paper deals with sponges collected in the Atlantic by the Swedish Deep Sea Expedition. The collection contains six species of the genera Malaco-saccus, Chonelasma, heptonema, Asbestopluma , and Chondrocladia , which are well known from the deep-sea. Three new species are described, viz. Asbestopluma quadriserialis sp.n., Chondrocladia al-batrossi sp.n., and C. burtoni sp.n. A survey of the knowledge of the Atlantic deep-sea sponge fauna shows that 118 species are at present known from depths of more than 2 000 m. About 35% of the species were found four or more times, whereas about 47% are known only from the type locality. 63 species were taken more than once, and 50 species are known also from depths of less than 2 000 m.     

Two new species of Bryophaenocladius Thienemann, 1934 (Diptera, Chironomidae) from China

Two new species of Bryophaenocladius Thienemann, 1934, Bryophaenocladius mucronatussp. n. and Bryophaenocladius parictericussp. n. are described and illustrated as males. A key to male imagines of the genus from China is presented.     

肾头蝇属一新种及古北区肾头蝇属检索表（双翅目：头蝇科）

记述了中国辽宁省发现的肾头蝇属1新种,并编制了古北区肾头蝇属10个种的检索表。     

Incidence of deformed chironomid larvae (Diptera: Chironomidae) in Swedish lakes

The occurrence of deformed mouth parts in recent and subfossil material of mostly Chironomus, Micropsectra and Tanytarsus increased from less than 1 % of the larvae at unpolluted sites or time periods to figures in the range of approx. 5–25% at strongly polluted sites. Deformities occurred in species that are widely separate in taxonomic position and way of living. Several heavy metals are suspected causative agents. Deformities in various mouth parts are illustrated by SEM photographs.     

Argentinean Species of Chalarus Walker (Diptera: Pipunculidae): New Records and Description of Chalarus tani n. sp.

The Argentinean species of Chalarus Walker were studied. Pipunculidae adults belonging to four species, C halarus chilensis Collin, Chalarus triramosus Rafael, Chalarus absonus Rafael and Chalarus tani n. sp. were described based on two male specimens collected in the La Rioja and Tucuman Provinces, northwestern region of Argentina. Chalarus absonus is recorded for the first time in Argentina. New distributional data and an identification key to the adult males of the Argentinean representatives are provided including figures.     

Molecular analysis meets morphology‐based systematics—a synthetic approach for Chalarinae (Insecta: Diptera: Pipunculidae)

Abstract. This study presents the first phylogenetic estimate for the pipunculid subfamily Chalarinae (genera Chalarus Walker, Jassidophaga Aczél and Verrallia Mik) based on an analysis of one mitochondrial coding (cytochrome oxidase 1) and two nuclear non‐coding genes (28s and ITS2), using parsimony under direct optimization as implemented in poy 4. It completes earlier taxonomic works on these groups. The voucher material used was primarily of Palaearctic origin. The study strongly supports the monophyletic origin of Chalarinae as well as of Chalarus and Verrallia, but failed to recover a monophyletic lineage for Jassidophaga. Whereas the taxa of Jassidophaga with predominantly black‐coloured legs clustered as a monophyletic sister to Verrallia, an Oriental Jassidophaga species with predominantly yellow/light brown‐coloured legs represents a distinct genetic lineage. The Chalarus species included were resolved into eight well‐supported genetic clades: C. angustifrons group, C. basalis group, C. clarus lineage, C. holosericeus group, C. immanis lineage, C. indistinctus group, C. latifrons group and C. spurius group. A phenetic analysis focused on intra‐ and interspecific genetic distances within the subfamily. As a consequence, the eastern Palaearctic C. rectifrons Morakote is proposed as a junior synonym of C. angustifrons Morakote ( syn.n. ). The structure of the C. basalis species group was investigated further with the intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR) primer (GACA)₄.     

Diversity, distribution and larval habitats of North Swedish blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae)

1. Blackfly species richness and community structure were analysed at fifty-six sites in northern Sweden in two seasons. The sites were situated in a wide range of streams and rivers from small springbrooks, bog streams and lake-outlet streams to medium-sized forest rivers and large rivers draining montane regions.
2. Thirty-nine blackfly species were found, with between two and thirteen species per site. Neither species richness nor abundance could be related to the environmental variables measured.
3. An analysis of labral fan size of blackflies indicated a clear trend for the prevalence of larvae with small fans in large rivers and larvae with larger fan size in small streams. Similarly, fan size related to current velocities so that large fans were associated with slow current velocities and small fans with high velocities.
4. A strong relationship existed between species composition and habitat, as seen in ordination by non-metric multidimensional scaling. The relationship found between fan size and habitat size-related variables, such as channel width, depth, velocity and substratum particle size, along with longitude and altitude, in partial least squares regression analysis offered an explanation of the species composition–habitat relationship.
5. In addition to testing that distributions of blackfly larvae reflect morphological traits, we tested two general hypotheses pertaining to distribution patterns: (a) that blackfly communities show bimodal distributions; and (b) that their distributions are nested. Neither of these two hypotheses was supported by our observations. However, widespread blackfly species were locally more abundant than those found at relatively few sites, thus showing a positive abundance–occupancy relationship.