通路克隆入门载体pEN-L4~*-PrbcS-~*T-gfp-L3~*的构建及其应用

为了利用通路克隆(Gateway)技术构建一个含有两个目的基因表达盒的植物表达载体,并把目的基因编码的蛋白质定位到转基因植物的叶绿体中,通过定点突变技术,在含有attL4和attL3重组位点的Gateway入门载体pEN-L4-2-L3中产生HindⅢ和XhoⅠ的酶切位点,然后在这两个酶切位点之间插入一个含有1,5-二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶小亚基的光诱导型启动子(PrbcS)及其叶绿体基质定位序列(*T)和绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)报告基因(gfp)的DNA片段,获得pEN-L4*-PrbcS-*T-gfp-L3*入门载体.用该载体和另一个含有attL1和attL2重组位点的入门载体(pENTR*-PrbcS-*T-gus)与Gateway的目的载体pK7 m34GW2-8 m21GW3进行LR重组反应可以构建一个能串联gfp和gus两个报告基因表达盒的植物表达载体pKm-35S-PrbcS-*T-gfp-PROLD-PrbcS-*T-gus,所构建的植物表达载体转化烟草后,gfp和gus基因能插入到转基因烟草的基因组中并正常表达,所表达的GFP蛋白可正确定位到转基因植物的叶绿体中,而GUS蛋白也可以在叶片中表达.利用此表达载体通过一次转化事件不仅可以完成两个目的基因的转化操作,而且还可以利用叶绿体基质定位序列(*T)把PrbcS控制表达的目的蛋白直接定位到转基因植物的叶绿体中.因此pEN-L4*-PrbcS-*T-gfp-L3*入门载体的应用进一步扩大了Gateway技术及植物表达载体的应用范围,为叶绿体基因工程操作提供了一个更方便的技术平台.     

使用与Gateway技术兼容的T载体获得入门克隆

与Gateway技术兼容的农杆菌双元载体系统已开始应用于植物功能基因组的研究,但应用这些载体系统的一个瓶颈问题,是如何简单、经济和高效地将PCR产物或其他来源的目的DNA片段构建到入门载体上获得入门克隆.为此,将传统的TA克隆技术与Gateway重组克隆技术进行整合,构建了与Gateway技术兼容的两种TA克隆载体,用于在克隆PCR产物或其他来源的目的DNA片段的同时获得入门克隆.利用兼容Gateway技术的TA克隆载体有效地解决了上述瓶颈问题.     

DNA甲基转移酶RNAi干涉载体的构建及其鉴定

DNA甲基化(DNA Methylation)是真核生物基因组最常见的DNA共价修饰形式,影响蛋白质-DNA的相互作用,在基因表达的调控上起着重要作用,RNAi(RNA interference)干涉是关闭特定基因功能的新技术,在植物功能基因组、植物发育及生理代谢途径调控等方面有着广泛应用.本文根据植物DNA甲基转移酶(DNMTs)的保守序列设计引物,首先从拟南芥总基因组DNA中克隆出DNA甲基转移酶基因保守片段,然后以此保守片段为模板扩增长度约570bp,的靶序列用于构建RNAi载体.根据RNAi作用机制,将570bp靶序列正向、反向连接到pHANNIBAL载体上,然后将带有此反向重复结构的完整OFF框连接到植物表达栽体pGreell上,经过酶切鉴定和测序分析证实DNA甲基转移酶RNAi重组表达载体构建成功.转化红豆衫细胞表明该干涉载体具有生物学功能,为研究受DNA甲基化调控的性状改良打下基础.     

含有Rubisco小亚基启动子和转运肽序列的通路克隆入门载体的构建和应用

Gateway(通路克隆)技术是最近开发出来的一种分子克隆技术,其特点是操作简单、省时高效,已经成功应用于很多基因表达载体的构建.然而,现有的通路克隆植物表达载体不包含任何将表达蛋白定位到叶绿体中的序列.将通路克隆入门质粒载体pENTR-2B的XmnⅠ位点改造成HindⅢ位点,产生入门载体pENTR*-2B,然后将番茄1,5二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶(Rubisco)小亚基3C的启动子(PrbcS)及其转运肽序列(*T)和绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)报告基因亚克隆到pENTR*-2B中,构建通路克隆入门载体pENTR*-PrbcS-*T-GFP.实验结果证实,用pENTR*-PrbcS-*T-GFP和通路克隆的植物表达载体进行LR反应,构建GFP的光诱导型植物表达载体,可以成功地将表达的GFP定位到转基因植物的叶绿体中.利用β-葡糖苷酸酶(GUS)报告基因替代该入门载体中的GFP基因做试验也得到相似的结果.这说明用目的基因替换该入门载体中的GFP可以构建目的基因的入门载体,然后用通路克隆技术可以快速构建其光诱导型植物表达载体,将表达的目的蛋白定位到转基因植物或组织细胞的叶绿体中.     

病毒诱导的基因沉默及其在植物基因功能研究中的应用

RNA介导的基因沉默是近年来在生物体中发现的一种基于核酸水平高度保守的特异性降解机制.病毒诱导的基因沉默（virus induced gene silencing, VIGS）是指携带植物功能基因cDNA的病毒在侵染植物体后,可诱导植物发生基因沉默而出现表型突变,进而可以研究该目的基因功能.至今,已经建立了以RNA病毒、DNA病毒、卫星病毒和DNA卫星分子为载体的VIGS体系,这些病毒载体能在多种寄主植物（包括拟南芥、番茄和大麦）上有效抑制功能基因的表达.VIGS已开始应用于N基因和Pto基因介导的抗性信号途径中关键基因的功能研究、抗病毒相关的寄主因子研究以及植物代谢和发育调控研究.在当前植物基因组或EST序列大量测定的情况下,VIGS为植物基因功能鉴定提供了有效的技术平台.     

以木糖异构酶基因xylA为选择标记的Gateway系统植物表达载体的构建

目的:构建以木糖异构酶基因xylA为筛选标记的无抗生素标记Gateway系统植物表达载体。方法:克隆大肠杆菌木糖异构酶基因xylA并用其替换植物表达载体pCAMBIA1301中的hpt基因,利用载体中的多克隆位点将Gateway Binary Vector(pH7WG2D)中酶切位点XbaⅠ和HindⅢ之间包括P35S、T35S、attR1、attR2和CmR-ccdB的片段重组入表达载体pCAMBIA1301中,构建表达载体pCAMBIA1301-xylA-GW,利用含有津田芜菁HY5基因片段的BP反应产物与载体进行LR反应,获得含有目的基因的植物表达载体pCAMBIA1301-xylA-HY5,并导入根癌农杆菌LBA4404中。结果:抗生素筛选及酶切和PCR鉴定表明成功构建了以xylA为筛选标记的无抗生素标记植物表达载体pCAMBIA1301-xylA-HY5。结论:利用木糖异构酶基因xylA结合Gateway克隆技术构建无抗生素标记植物表达载体,可简化、方便植物转基因表达载体构建。     

杆状病毒载体及其在昆虫细胞中表达外源基因的研究进展

本文介绍了杆状病毒载体在昆虫细胞中表达外源基因的基本策略和发展趋势。杆状病毒载体系统近年来已被人们广泛用来表达人类、动物和植物等的一些重要蛋白质分子,在医学、农业等领域的基因工程研究中发挥了越来越大的作用。杆状病毒载体系统表达外源基因的效率高,表达产物的结构和活性与天然产物一致,为当今基因工程研究中最有发展前途的病毒载体表达系统。     

拟南芥AtVQ29基因的克隆与植物表达载体构建

目的:VQ模序蛋白是植物中所特有的一类具有高度保守序列的蛋白质,广泛参与植物的生长发育与逆境反应,本研究拟克隆拟南芥的AtVQ29基因并进一步构建由组成型启动子CaMV 35S驱动的植物表达载体pSN1301-AtVQ29。方法:采用CTAB法提取拟南芥基因组DNA,根据已报道的AtVQ29基因序列设计并合成引物,通过PCR技术扩增获得拟南芥AtVQ29基因,经T载体克隆后测序。利用生物信息学软件对序列进行初步分析,同时基于基因重组技术构建植物表达载体。结果:序列分析表明已成功克隆AtVQ29基因,该基因编码区全长为372bp,共编码123个氨基酸残基,具有保守的VQ模序。并进一步构建了由组成型启动子CaMV 35S驱动的AtVQ29基因植物表达载体pSN1301-AtVQ29。结论:本研究所构建的AtVQ29基因植物表达载体能够在转基因植株中过量表达AtVQ29基因,为后期开展基因功能研究与植物基因改良奠定了基础。     

转录因子DREB1A基因的克隆与Gateway克隆技术构建植物表达载体

目的:研究转录因子DREB1A在植物抗渗透胁迫反应中的作用,并探讨利用Gateway克隆技术构建植物表达载体的方法。方法:根据GenBank中登录的DREB1A基因的全长mRNA序列设计引物,克隆了拟南芥的转录因子DREBIA基因。根据Gateway克隆技术的要求,设计含有attB接头的引物,利用高保真的PlatinumpfxDNA聚合酶,通过PCR方法在克隆基因的两端加上B序列。通过BP反应将包含有attB接头的PCR产物克隆到含有attP的donor载体上以产生Entry克隆,通过LR反应将已经重组入Entry载体的DREB1A基因再克隆到pH2GW7双元载体。结果:对重组载体pH2GW7-DREB1A的鉴定结果表明成功构建了DREB1A基因的植物表达载体。结论:利用Gateway克隆技术构建植物表达载体简便易行,该结果为遗传转化研究奠定了基础。     

番茄丛矮病毒的分子生物学研究进展

近年来,多种植物RNA病毒载体被广泛地应用于外源基因的表达、植物病毒学和植物病理学基础理论的研究中.番茄丛矮病毒(Tomato bushy stunt virus,TBSV)是番茄丛矮病毒科(Tombusviridae)番茄丛矮病毒属(Tombusvirus)的典型成员.TBSV病毒基因组复制、转录和翻译等分子机制的研究取得了巨大的进展,使得利用TBSV构建稳定、高效的表达载体成为可能.     

Gateway-compatible vectors for plant functional genomics and proteomics

Gateway cloning technology facilitates high-throughput cloning of target sequences by making use of the bacteriophage lambda site-specific recombination system. Target sequences are first captured in a commercially available "entry vector" and are then recombined into various "destination vectors" for expression in different experimental organisms. Gateway technology has been embraced by a number of plant laboratories that have engineered destination vectors for promoter specificity analyses, protein localization studies, protein/protein interaction studies, constitutive or inducible protein expression studies, gene knockdown by RNA interference, or affinity purification experiments. We review the various types of Gateway destination vectors that are currently available to the plant research community and provide links and references to enable additional information to be obtained concerning these vectors. We also describe a set of "pEarleyGate" plasmid vectors for Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation that translationally fuse FLAG, HA, cMyc, AcV5 or tandem affinity purification epitope tags onto target proteins, with or without an adjacent fluorescent protein. The oligopeptide epitope tags allow the affinity purification, immunolocalization or immunoprecipitation of recombinant proteins expressed in vivo. We demonstrate the utility of pEarleyGate destination vectors for the expression of epitope-tagged proteins that can be affinity captured or localized by immunofluorescence microscopy. Antibodies detecting the FLAG, HA, cMyc and AcV5 tags show relatively little cross-reaction with endogenous proteins in a variety of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants, suggesting broad utility for the tags and vectors.     

From Gateway to MultiSite Gateway in one recombination event

Background  

Invitrogen Gateway technology exploits the integrase/att site-specific recombination system for directional cloning of PCR products and the subsequent subcloning into destination vectors. One or three DNA segments can be cloned using Gateway or MultiSite Gateway respectively. A vast number of single-site Gateway destination vectors have been created while MultiSite Gateway is limited to few destination vectors and therefore to few applications. The aim of this work was to make the MultiSite Gateway technology available for multiple biological purposes.     

Development of a novel Gateway-based vector system for efficient, multiparallel protein expression in Escherichia coli

We describe a cloning and expression system which is based on the Escherichia coli T7 expression system and Gateway recombination technology. We have produced numerous destination vectors with selected fusion tags and an additional set of entry vectors containing the gene of interest and optional labeling tags. This powerful system enables us to transfer a cDNA to several expression vectors in parallel and combine them with various labeling tags. To remove the attached amino terminal tags along with the unwanted attB1 site, we inserted PreScission protease cleavage sites. In contrast to the commercially available destination vectors, our plasmids provide kanamycin resistance, which can be an advantage when expressing toxic proteins in E. coli. Some small-scale protein expression experiments are shown to demonstrate the usefulness of these novel Gateway vectors. In summary, this system has some benefits over the widely used and commercially available Gateway standard system, and it enables many different combinations for expression constructs from a single gene of interest.     

T载体介导的基于attL核心区LR反应的简化快速Gateway克隆系统

Gateway克隆技术已得到广泛的应用。该技术先通过BP反应将目标片段连到带有完整attL特异识别位点的入门载体,然后与终载体通过LR反应得到表达载体。Gateway克隆方法与传统的酶切连接方法相比有快速简单等优点。但是,BP和LR酶都非常昂贵。本研究首先对3个常用Gateway载体的atts特异位点序列比对发现,attL序列核心交换位点“core attL”的21~22 bp长的碱基是保守和必要的。由此,设计含有core-attL序列的引物,通过PCR克隆得到DNA片段并连入pMD18-T载体,然后进行LR反应,可成功得到目标表达载体,并在保守的位点上正确重组。本研究还对其中一个带有绿色荧光蛋白基因的表达载体转化至烟草,能够正常表达该蛋白质。结果表明,通过将含有attL核心位点基因片段连接到pMD18-T载体上,可以省略BP反应而将目标片段连接到终载体上,节约了反应时间和成本。     

A Versatile Zero Background T-Vector System for Gene Cloning and Functional Genomics

With the recent availability of complete genomic sequences of many organisms, high-throughput and cost-efficient systems for gene cloning and functional analysis are in great demand. Although site-specific recombination-based cloning systems, such as Gateway cloning technology, are extremely useful for efficient transfer of DNA fragments into multiple destination vectors, the two-step cloning process is time consuming and expensive. Here, we report a zero background TA cloning system that provides simple and high-efficiency direct cloning of PCR-amplified DNA fragments with almost no self-ligation. The improved T-vector system takes advantage of the restriction enzyme XcmI to generate a T-overhang after digestion and the negative selection marker gene ccdB to eliminate the self-ligation background after transformation. We demonstrate the feasibility and flexibility of the technology by developing a set of transient and stable transformation vectors for constitutive gene expression, gene silencing, protein tagging, protein subcellular localization detection, and promoter fragment activity analysis in plants. Because the system can be easily adapted for developing specialized expression vectors for other organisms, zero background TA provides a general, cost-efficient, and high-throughput platform that complements the Gateway cloning system for gene cloning and functional genomics.     

Development of a versatile expression plasmid construction system for Aspergillus oryzae and its application to visualization of mitochondria

We report here a development of the MultiSite Gateway(TM)-based versatile plasmid construction system applicable for the rapid and efficient preparation of Aspergillus oryzae expression plasmids. This system allows the simultaneous connection of the three DNA fragments inserted in entry clones along with a destination vector in a defined order and orientation. We prepared a variety of entry clones and destination vectors containing promoters, genes encoding carrier-proteins and fusion tags, and selectable markers, which makes it possible to generate 80 expression plasmids for each target protein. Using this system, plasmids for expression of the EGFP fused with the mitochondrial-targeting signal of citrate synthase (AoCit1) were generated. Tubular structures of mitochondria were visualized in the transformants expressing the AoCit1-EGFP fusion protein. This plasmid construction system allows us to prepare a large number of expression plasmids without laborious DNA manipulations, which would facilitate molecular biological studies on A. oryzae.     

A Gateway MultiSite recombination cloning toolkit

The generation of DNA constructs is often a rate-limiting step in conducting biological experiments. Recombination cloning of single DNA fragments using the Gateway system provided an advance over traditional restriction enzyme cloning due to increases in efficiency and reliability. Here we introduce a series of entry clones and a destination vector for use in two, three, and four fragment Gateway MultiSite recombination cloning whose advantages include increased flexibility and versatility. In contrast to Gateway single-fragment cloning approaches where variations are typically incorporated into model system-specific destination vectors, our Gateway MultiSite cloning strategy incorporates variations in easily generated entry clones that are model system-independent. In particular, we present entry clones containing insertions of GAL4, QF, UAS, QUAS, eGFP, and mCherry, among others, and demonstrate their in vivo functionality in Drosophila by using them to generate expression clones including GAL4 and QF drivers for various trp ion channel family members, UAS and QUAS excitatory and inhibitory light-gated ion channels, and QUAS red and green fluorescent synaptic vesicle markers. We thus establish a starter toolkit of modular Gateway MultiSite entry clones potentially adaptable to any model system. An inventory of entry clones and destination vectors for Gateway MultiSite cloning has also been established (www.gatewaymultisite.org).     

利用TA克隆的方法简便构建入门克隆

Gateway技术是一种通用型克隆方法,其基于λ噬菌体位点特异性重组,将目的DNA快速克隆到各种与Gateway技术兼容的目的载体上,不需要进行酶切和连接反应。但存在获得入门克隆过程中相关反应酶制剂价格昂贵,且药品订购时间较长等问题。通过对入门载体pDONR207的改造,使之产生3’端具有单个T 末端的线性化的入门载体,采用TA克隆的方法替代BP反应,从而简便、经济和快速地获得入门克隆。利用改造后的Gateway技术构建拟南芥SOS2基因的原核表达载体和真核表达载体,通过原核表达和原生质体瞬时表达证明通过此方法构建的表达载体在原核细胞和真核细胞中都得到了很好的表达。     

Rapid cloning and purification of proteins: gateway vectors for protein purification by self-cleaving tags

We have combined Invitrogen's Gateway cloning technology with self-cleaving purification tags to generate a new system for rapid production of recombinant protein products. To accomplish this, we engineered our previously reported DeltaI-CM cleaving intein to include a Gateway cloning recognition sequence, and demonstrated that the resulting Gateway-competent intein is unaffected. This intein can therefore be used in several previously reported purification methods, while at the same time being compatible with Gateway cloning. We have incorporated this intein into a set of Gateway vectors, which include self-cleaving elastin-like polypeptide (ELP), chitin binding domain (CBD), phasin (polyhydroxybutyrate-binding), or maltose binding domain (MBD) tags. These vectors were verified by Gateway cloning of TEM-1 beta-lactamase and Escherichia coli catalase genes, and the expressed target proteins were purified using the four methods encoded on the vectors. The purification methods were unaffected by replacing the DeltaI-CM intein with the Gateway intein. It was observed that some purification methods were more appropriate for each target than others, suggesting utility of this technology for rapid process identification and optimization. The modular design of the Gateway system and intein purification method suggests that any tag and promoter can be trivially added to this system for the development of additional expression vectors. This technology could greatly facilitate process optimization, allowing several targets and methods to be tested in a high-throughput manner.     

Construction of two Gateway vectors for gene expression in fungi

We report the construction of two Gateway fungal expression vectors pCBGW and pGWBF. The pCBGW was generated by introducing an expression cassette, which consists of a Gateway recombinant cassette (attR1-Cmr-ccdB-attR2) under the control of fungal promoter PgpdA and a terminator TtrpC, into the multiple cloning site of fungal vector pCB1004. The pGWBF is a binary vector, which was generated from the plant expression vector pGWB2 by replacing the CaMV35S promoter with PgpdA. The pGWBF can be transformed into fungi efficiently with Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The applicability of two newly constructed vectors was tested by generating the destination vectors pGWBF-GFP and pCBGW-GFP and examining the expression of GFP gene in Trichoderma viride and Gibberella fujikuroi, respectively. Combining with the advantage of Gateway cloning technology, pCBGW and pGWBF will be useful in fungi for large-scale investigation of gene functions by constructing the interested gene destination/expression vectors in a high-throughput way.