至真方对人大肠癌细胞株HCT8/VCR多药耐药的逆转作用及P-gp表达的影响

目的:研究至真方对大肠癌耐药细胞株HCT-8/VCR的逆转作用及P糖蛋白(P-gp)表达的影响.方法iMTT法测定至真方含药血清对HCT-8/VCR细胞株的逆转作用,并以流式细胞术测定P-gP的表达.结果:经至真方含药血清作用72h后,HCT-8/VCR细胞株对化疗的耐药性显著下降,对长春新碱逆转指数为0.937±0.093,其逆转倍数大于13.6倍,与维拉帕米比较无统计学差异(P>0.05).HCT-8/VCR细胞的P-gp表达显著高于HCT-8(P<0.01),经至真方含药血清作用后p-gP表达显著降低(P<0.01).结论:至真方可以逆转人大肠癌耐药细胞株HCT-8/VCR的多药耐药性,其机制可能与其下调P-gp的表达有关.     

Regulation of survivin by PI3K/Akt/p70S6K1 pathway

PI3K activation is commonly observed in many human cancer cells. Survivin expression is elevated in cancer cells, and induced by some growth factors through PI3K activation. However, it is not clear whether PI3K activation is sufficient to induce survivin expression. To investigate the role of PI3K pathway in the regulation of survivin, we expressed an active form of PI3K, v-P3k in chicken embryonic fibroblast cells (CEF), and found that overexpression of PI3K-induced survivin mRNA expression. Forced expression of wild-type but not mutant tumor suppressor PTEN in CEF decreased survivin mRNA levels. PI3K regulates survivin expression through Akt activation. To further investigate downstream target of PI3K and Akt in regulating the expression of survivin mRNA, we found that PI3K and Akt-induced p70S6K1 activation and that overexpression of p70S6K1 alone was sufficient to induce survivin expression. The treatment of CEF cells by rapamycin decreased the survivin mRNA expression. This result demonstrated that p70S6K1 is an important target downstream of PI3K and Akt in regulating suvivin mRNA expression. The knockdown of survivin mRNA expression by its specific siRNA induced apoptosis of cancer cells when the cells were treated with LY294002 or taxol. Taken together, these results demonstrated that PI3K/Akt/p70S6K1 pathway is essential for regulating survivin mRNA expression.     

PI3K/AKT 通路参与调控乳腺癌多药耐药和侵袭转移的研究

目的:探讨磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶/丝苏氨酸蛋白激酶(phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/serine-threonine kinase,PI3K/AKT)信号通路与乳腺癌多药耐药和侵袭转移的相关性。方法:以乳腺癌细胞系MCF-7为母本,持续低浓度加药诱导建立阿霉素(Adriamycin,ADR)耐药系MCF-7/ADR’。细胞免疫荧光检测两细胞系中磷酸化AKT(phosphorylated AKT,P-AKT)、P-糖蛋白(P-Glycoprotein,P-gp)、基质金属蛋白酶2(matrix metalloproteinase-2,MMP-2)的表达。PI3K抑制剂LY294002作用两系前后,Western Blot检测P-AKT、MMP-2、P-gp的表达改变及qRT-PCR检测MMP-2、MDR1的表达改变。结果:P-AKT、P-gp(MDR1)、MMP-2在MCF-7中为低表达或不表达,MCF-7/ADR’中为高表达。LY294002作用两系后,P-AKT、P-gp(MDR1)、MMP-2在MCF-7/ADR’中的表达明显减低(P<0.05),MCF-7无明显改变。结论:抑制PI3K/AKT信号通路可有效降低MCF-7/ADR’耐药和侵袭转移能力,PI3K/AKT通路是调控乳腺癌多药耐药和侵袭转移的重要信号通路之一。     

Trisubstituted-Imidazoles Induce Apoptosis in Human Breast Cancer Cells by Targeting the Oncogenic PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway

Overactivation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR is linked with carcinogenesis and serves a potential molecular therapeutic target in treatment of various cancers. Herein, we report the synthesis of trisubstituted-imidazoles and identified 2-chloro-3-(4, 5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl) pyridine (CIP) as lead cytotoxic agent. Naïve Base classifier model of in silico target prediction revealed that CIP targets RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase which comprises the Akt. Furthermore, CIP downregulated the phosphorylation of Akt, PDK and mTOR proteins and decreased expression of cyclin D1, Bcl-2, survivin, VEGF, procaspase-3 and increased cleavage of PARP. In addition, CIP significantly downregulated the CXCL12 induced motility of breast cancer cells and molecular docking calculations revealed that all compounds bind to Akt2 kinase with high docking scores compared to the library of previously reported Akt2 inhibitors. In summary, we report the synthesis and biological evaluation of imidazoles that induce apoptosis in breast cancer cells by negatively regulating PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.     

过表达的趋化因子CXCL12通过PI3K/Akt途径促进骨髓基质干细胞Connexins的表达

研究过表达的趋化因子CXCL12是否通过PI3K/Akt信号途径促进了骨髓基质干细胞膜上缝隙连接蛋白Connexin40、Connexin43和Connexin45的表达。采用重组DNA技术使骨髓基质干细胞过表达趋化因子CXCL12,采用Western blot法测定趋化因子CXCL12过表达后骨髓基质干细胞Connexin40、Connexin43、Connexin45、Akt、pAkt表达的变化情况,并用CXCL12受体和Akt途径阻断剂明确CXCL12和PI3K/Akt途径在这一过程中的作用。基因重组后骨髓干细胞过表达了趋化因子CXCL12,CXCL12过表达使骨髓基质干细胞膜上Connexin40、Connexin43和Connexin45表达明显增多,且CXCL12的这一作用是通过PI3K/Akt这一途径实现的。趋化因子CXCL12通过PI3K/Akt途径使骨髓基质干细胞膜上Connexin40、Connexin43和Connexin45的表达增加,可促进移植后干细胞与宿主心肌细胞形成有效的电耦合,从而有利于移植后干细胞的存活并发挥治疗作用。     

DC-CIK对K562/A多药耐药基因mdr1表达的影响

目的：体外观察树突状细胞（dendritic cell,DC）联合细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞（cytokine inducedkiller,CIK）对K562/A细胞株多药耐药基因mdr1表达的影响。方法：采集健康人的外周血,分离出单个核细胞（peripheral blood mononuclear cell,PBMC）,在体外加入多种细胞因子经诱导生成DC及CIK细胞,以流式细胞仪检测其表面标志,将DC细胞内加入K562/A细胞裂解物致敏后,再与CIK细胞混合培养48小时。将致敏后的DC-CIK细胞与K562/A及K562分组培养后以荧光定量PCR检测其mdr1基因表达的情况,PBMC作为对照组。结果：RT-PCR中可见K562/A＋DC-CIK组中mdr1 mRNA表达较K562/A明显降低,经荧光定量PCR观察到K562/A内mdr1 mRNA表达为K562的10.27倍、K562/A/PBMC略低于未处理的K562/A（P〉0.05）,K562/A/DC-CIK细胞中mdr1 mRNA含量较K562/A、K562/A/PBMC少（P〈0.05）。DC-CIK细胞与细胞株混合培养后,mdr1基因表达较混合培养前明显降低。结论：实验数据显示DC-CIK可使耐药细胞株内mdr1基因表达下调。但K562与DC-CIK混合培养后该基因降低不明显,提示该基因在细胞中存在着基础表达,意义在于维持细胞内稳态。目前针对逆转白血病耐药的研究较少,需要多进行相关研究以拓宽细胞免疫治疗在逆转耐药领域的应用。DC-CIK是具有发展潜力的抗肿瘤方法。本实验将为下一阶段研究逆转耐药的机制提供依据,DC-CIK细胞免疫疗法有望成为逆转肿瘤耐药的新方法。     

DC-CIK对K562/A多药耐药基因mdr1 表达的影响

目的：体外观察树突状细胞（dendritic cell，DC）联合细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞（cytokine inducedkiller，CIK）对K562/A细胞株 多药耐药基因mdr1 表达的影响。方法：采集健康人的外周血，分离出单个核细胞( peripheral blood mononuclear cell，PBMC )，在 体外加入多种细胞因子经诱导生成DC及CIK 细胞，以流式细胞仪检测其表面标志，将DC 细胞内加入K562/A 细胞裂解物致敏 后，再与CIK细胞混合培养48 小时。将致敏后的DC-CIK 细胞与K562/A及K562 分组培养后以荧光定量PCR 检测其mdr1 基 因表达的情况，PBMC 作为对照组。结果：RT-PCR 中可见K562/A+DC-CIK 组中mdr1 mRNA 表达较K562/A明显降低，经荧光定 量PCR 观察到K562/A 内mdr1 mRNA 表达为K562 的10.27 倍、K562/A/PBMC 略低于未处理的K562/A（P>0.05）， K562/A/DC-CIK 细胞中mdr1 mRNA含量较K562/A、K562/A/PBMC 少（P<0.05）。DC-CIK细胞与细胞株混合培养后，mdr1 基因 表达较混合培养前明显降低。结论：实验数据显示DC-CIK 可使耐药细胞株内mdr1 基因表达下调。但K562 与DC-CIK 混合培养 后该基因降低不明显，提示该基因在细胞中存在着基础表达，意义在于维持细胞内稳态。目前针对逆转白血病耐药的研究较少， 需要多进行相关研究以拓宽细胞免疫治疗在逆转耐药领域的应用。DC-CIK 是具有发展潜力的抗肿瘤方法。本实验将为下一阶段 研究逆转耐药的机制提供依据，DC-CIK 细胞免疫疗法有望成为逆转肿瘤耐药的新方法。     

PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路与自噬及肿瘤的关系

自噬是一种以胞质内出现双层膜结构包裹长寿命蛋白和细胞器的自噬体为特征的细胞“自我消化”过程,在维持细胞内稳态、发育、肿瘤发生和感染中发挥重要作用。近来,诸多研究表明,自噬作为一把“双刃剑”,对肿瘤的发生发展既有促进作用,也有抑制作用。PI3K/Akt/mTOR通路由PI3激酶(PI3K)、蛋白激酶B（PKB/Akt）和哺乳动物类雷帕霉素靶蛋白（mTOR）3个作用分子组成,是一个中心的调节机构,对肿瘤细胞的生长与增殖有促进作用,同时对自噬进行抑制。本文就PI3K/Akt/mTOR通路与自噬及肿瘤发生发展的关系作一综述。     

Ameliorative Effect of Selenomethionine on Cadmium-Induced Hepatocyte Apoptosis via Regulating PI3K/AKT Pathway in Chickens

Biological Trace Element Research - Selenium (Se) is a trace element for human and animal health. Cadmium (Cd) is a known human carcinogen. The effects of Cd on the environment and humans are well...     

Protective Effect of DHT on Apoptosis Induced by U18666A via PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway in C6 Glial Cell Lines

Various useful animal models, such as Alzheimer’s disease and Niemann–Pick disease, were provided by U18666A. However, the pathogenesis of U18666A-induced diseases, including U18666A-mediated apoptosis, remains incompletely elucidated, and therapeutic strategies are still limited. Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) has been reported to contribute to the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Our study investigated the neuroprotective activity of DHT in U18666A-related diseases. Apoptosis of C6 cells was detected by Hoechst 33258 fluorescent staining and flow cytometry with annexin V-FITC/PI dual staining. Cell viability was assessed using Cell Counting Kit-8. Expression of apoptosis-related proteins, such as Akt, seladin-1, Bcl-2 family proteins, and caspase-3, was determined using Western blot. Our results demonstrated that the apoptotic rate of C6 cells significantly increased after U18666A addition, but was remarkably reduced after DHT treatment. Pretreatment with DHT attenuated U18666A-induced cell viability loss. PI3K inhibitor LY294002 could suppress DHT anti-apoptotic effect. Furthermore, we discovered that U18666A could significantly downregulate seladin-1 expression in a dose-dependent manner, but no significant change was observed in Bcl-xL, Bax, and P-Akt protein expressions. Compared with U18666A-treated group, the expression of P-Akt, seladin-1, and Bcl-xL significantly increased, and the expression of Bax and caspase-3 remarkably reduced after DHT treatment. However, in the presence of LY294002, the effect of DHT was reversed. In conclusion, we found that seladin-1 may take part in U18666A-induced apoptosis. DHT may inhibit U18666A-induced apoptosis by regulating downstream apoptosis-related proteins including seladin-1, caspase-3, Bcl-xL, and Bax through activation of the PI3K/Akt signal pathway.     

GDP Induces PANC-1 Human Pancreatic Cancer Cell Death Preferentially under Nutrient Starvation by Inhibiting PI3K/Akt/mTOR/Autophagy Signaling Pathway

Pancreatic tumors are hypovascular, which leads to a poor nutrient supply to support the aggressively proliferating tumor cells. However, human pancreatic cancer cells have extreme resistance to nutrition starvation, which enables them to survive under severe metabolic stress conditions within the tumor microenvironment, a phenomenon known as “austerity” in cancer biology. Discovering agents which can preferentially inhibit the cancer cells’ ability to tolerate starvation conditions represents a new generation of anticancer agents. In this study, geranyl 2,4-dihydroxy-6-phenethylbenzoate (GDP), isolated from Boesenbergia pandurata rhizomes, exhibited potent preferential cytotoxicity against PANC-1 human pancreatic cancer cells under nutrition starvation conditions. GDP also possessed PANC-1 cell migration and colony formation inhibitory activities under normal nutrient-rich conditions. Mechanistically, GDP inhibited PI3K/Akt/mTOR/autophagy survival signaling pathway, leading to selective PANC-1 cancer cell death under the nutrition starvation condition. Therefore, GDP is a promising anti-austerity agent for drug development against pancreatic cancer.     

Novel PI3K/Akt Inhibitors Screened by the Cytoprotective Function of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Tat

The PI3K/Akt pathway regulates various stress-related cellular responses such as cell survival, cell proliferation, metabolism and protein synthesis. Many cancer cell types display the activation of this pathway, and compounds inhibiting this cell survival pathway have been extensively evaluated as anti-cancer agents. In addition to cancers, several human viruses, such as HTLV, HPV, HCV and HIV-1, also modulate this pathway, presumably in order to extend the life span of the infected target cells for productive viral replication. The expression of HIV-1 Tat protein exhibited the cytoprotective effect in macrophages and a human microglial cell line by inhibiting the negative regulator of this pathway, PTEN. This cytoprotective effect of HIV-1 appears to contribute to the long-term survival and persistent HIV-1 production in human macrophage reservoirs. In this study we exploited the PI3K/Akt dependent cytoprotective effect of Tat-expressing CHME5 cells. We screened a collection of compounds known to modulate inflammation, and identified three novel compounds: Lancemaside A, Compound K and Arctigenin that abolished the cytoprotective phenotype of Tat-expressing CHME5 cells. All three compounds antagonized the kinase activity of Akt. Further detailed signaling studies revealed that each of these three compounds targeted different steps of the PI3K/Akt pathway. Arctigenin regulates the upstream PI3K enzyme from converting PIP2 to PIP3. Lancemaside A1 inhibited the movement of Akt to the plasma membrane, a critical step for Akt activation. Compound K inhibited Akt phosphorylation. This study supports that Tat-expressing CHME5 cells are an effective model system for screening novel PI3K/Akt inhibitors.     

Adiponectin Attenuates Streptozotocin-Induced Tau Hyperphosphorylation and Cognitive Deficits by Rescuing PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β Pathway

Clinical studies have demonstrated that decreased adiponectin is associated with the development of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We focused on determining the neuroprotective effect offered by adiponectin against streptozotocin-induced brain damage in ICV-STZ rat model. We found that adiponectin supplements significantly restored the cognitive deficits in ICV-STZ rat model including shorter escape latency, more crossing times and increased time spent in the target quadrant. Adiponectin supplements also increased number of dendritic branches and mushroom percentage. In addition, adiponectin supplements attenuated tau hyperphosphorylation at multiple AD-related sites through activation of protein Ser9-phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase-3β (Ser9-GSK-3β) with increased the Akt and PI3K activity. Our data suggest that adiponectin supplements have neuroprotective effects on the ICV-STZ rat model, which may be mediated by the activation of the PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathway.     

P13K／AKT信号转导通路与人舌鳞癌细胞TCA8113顺铂耐药的相关性研究

目的：探讨P13K特异性抑制剂LY294002逆转顺铂耐药口腔鳞癌细胞TCA8113／CDDP的可行性。方法：采用间歇性加药,逐步递增CDDP药量,体外连续诱导培养TCA8113／CDDP细胞;用不同浓度的LY294002和顺铂处理TCA8113和TCA8113／CDDP细胞;MTT法观察对细胞增殖的影响,Western印迹分析LY294002作用前后p-Akt、Akt、P13K蛋白的表达。结果：建立了舌鳞癌耐药细胞TCA8113／CDDP,耐药指数为7．7;MTT实验显示LY294002对TCA8113和TCA8113／CDDP细胞的抑制作用与浓度及作用时间呈正相关;LY294002联合顺铂对2种细胞的抑制作用比单用顺铂效果好;P13K、Akt、P—AKT蛋白表达明显降低,其中TCA8113／CDDP细胞中P13K、AKT、p-AKT蛋白的表达比TCA8113细胞明显增多（P〈0．05）。结论：LY294002能增加耐药口腔鳞癌顺铂化疗的敏感性。     

紫丁香苷调控PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路诱导乳腺癌细胞凋亡的研究

目的 研究紫丁香苷的抗乳腺癌作用及分子机制，为紫丁香苷的临床应用提供理论依据。方法 MTT检测紫丁香苷对乳腺癌细胞增殖的抑制作用；台盼蓝、TUNEL和Annexin V-FITC/PI染色检测细胞的凋亡状况，Western bolt检测Caspase-3的活化情况，判断细胞凋亡是否发生；检测凋亡相关蛋白B淋巴细胞瘤2（Bcl-2）的表达，结合JC-1染色探讨紫丁香苷对线粒体凋亡途径的影响；运用PI3K激动剂Recilisib做对比，qRT-PCR和Western bolt检测紫丁香苷调控PI3K/Akt/mTOR通路诱导癌细胞凋亡的作用。结果 紫丁香苷对乳腺癌细胞的增殖具有时间和剂量依赖的抑制作用，能诱导癌细胞发生凋亡。进一步研究发现，紫丁香苷处理后，细胞内Caspase-3被激活，Bcl-2表达下降，线粒体膜电位明显丧失，PI3K、Akt和mTOR的mRNA与蛋白质水平表达无明显变化，但蛋白质磷酸化水平明显下降；Recilisib处理后部分抵消了紫丁香苷对乳腺癌细胞凋亡的作用。结论 紫丁香苷对乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-231和MCF-7具有良好的抑制作用，其通过抑制PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路的活化来抑制细胞增殖并诱导细胞发生线粒体途径的凋亡。紫丁香苷是具有开发潜力的抗乳腺癌药物。